Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of E .Coli Isolated from Water and Stool Samples in Mthata Region Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

ABSTRACT We determined the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in organically and naturally raised beef cattle at slaughter and compared antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates to those of isolates from conventionally raised beef cattle. The prevalences of E. coli O157:H7 were 14.8 and 14.2% for organically and naturally raised cattle, respectively. No major difference in antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the isolates was observed.

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Occurrence and antibiogram signatures of members of the Enterobacteriaceae family recovered from vegetables, river water and hospital effluents in Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33944/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lindelwa Mpaka ◽

Martins Ajibade Adefisoye ◽

Nolonwabo Nontongana ◽

Anthony Ifaenyi Okoh

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

River Water ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Potential Health ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Effluents

Abstract Background Rising incidences of antimicrobial resistance has become a major public health issue globally resulting in increasing health-care costs and severe and lethal diseases. Several reports have documented alarming increases of antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae family, hence, this study evaluated the occurrence and antibiogram signatures of Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from vegetables, hospital effluents and river water samples in two district municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Results Out of 142 presumptive isolates, 105 were confirmed to belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family. From these, 45% were identified as E. coli, 24% as Enterobacter spp., 20% as Citrobacter spp. and 11% as Klebsiella spp. All the isolates demonstrated high resistance against ampicillin at a frequency of 91.4%, followed by nalidixic acid (86.7%), tetracycline (82.9%), cefuroxime (81.9%) and doxycycline (81.9%). The beta-lactam resistance gene blaTEM was detected in 77.8% of the E. coli isolates and 33.3% of the Klebsiella isolates. The sul1 gene was detected in 23.1% of the Enterobacter species, while sul2 gene was detected in 70% of the Klebsiella species. All the Enterobacter species were positive for the strB gene. Conclusions We conclude that the vegetables, hospital effluents and river water in the two District Municipalities are reservoirs of multidrug resistant members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and a potential health hazard for consumers.

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Microbiological quality of beef, mutton, and water from different abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1363-1371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1363-1371

Author(s):

Philisani Ncoko ◽

Ishmael Festus Jaja ◽

James Wabwire Oguttu

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Plate Count ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Government

Background and Aim: Abattoir processes from skinning, evisceration, to chilling usually lead to meat contamination by foodborne pathogens. Hence, continual microbial surveillance of slaughter carcasses by veterinary public health officials is key to preventing contamination and outbreak of meat-related foodborne diseases. This study was conducted to determine the Enterobacteriaceae count and aerobic plate count (APC) and to detect Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat and water from selected slaughter facilities. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data (n=100) collected in 2017 by the Provincial Veterinary Department of the Eastern Cape Province from abattoirs and prospective survey data of meat (n=50) collected in 2018 from abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province were utilized in this study. APC and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated from the samples. In addition, Salmonella and E. coli were isolated from samples using selective media. Results: The APC in both retrospective and prospective studies for all samples ranged between 2 and 4.50 log CFU/cm2; similar counts of 2-4.00 log CFU/cm2 were recorded for Enterobacteriaceae. No significant difference (p>0.05) for APC and Enterobacteriaceae count across all meat types was noted. Salmonella and E. coli were detected in 50% of beef. E. coli was not detected from mutton, but Salmonella was found in 66.7%. Moreover, 91.7% of the water samples had E. coli, but none had Salmonella. Conclusion: The levels of Enterobacteriaceae and APC observed in meat satisfy regulatory conditions outlined by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa and show that meat produced from these abattoirs is of acceptable microbial quality. However, the quality of water used in the abattoirs does not meet the requirements set by the government, and contributes to contamination of meat produced in the abattoirs under study. Therefore, we recommend that sources of water be continuously investigated to eliminate or reduce the risk of contamination of meat processed in the abattoirs.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Vegetables Sold in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-71.4.816 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 816-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. O. ABONG'O ◽

M. N. B. MOMBA ◽

J. N. MWAMBAKANA

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

South Africa ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

E Coli ◽

Fresh Vegetables

Fresh vegetables have been implicated in outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in most parts of the world. Microbiological quality of vegetables used as recipes for salads is very crucial. Residents of the Amathole District in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa consume salads frequently, although the microbial quality of recipe vegetables is questionable. The present study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from selected vegetables sold within the Amathole District. One hundred eighty samples of the vegetables were analyzed. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated by enrichment culture and by immunomagnetic separation and identified by conventional and molecular techniques. In three settlements in this district, the mean counts of presumptive E. coli O157 for the vegetables ranged between 9 × 103 and 1.6 × 106 CFU/g for Fort Beaufort, 1.6 × 103 and 1.6 × 105 CFU/g for Mdantsane, and 1.3 × 103 and 4.1 × 104 CFU/g for Alice. Four (10.3%) of 39 vegetable samples were confirmed to carry E. coli O157:H7. Four representative E. coli O157:H7 isolates from these vegetables were susceptible to at least one of the eight antimicrobial agents tested against them. Even though the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was low and those isolated were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials, there remains a need for E. coli O157:H7 surveillance in vegetables used in salad recipes in urban and rural areas of South Africa.

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Escherichia coli Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns for Infants Admitted to NICUs Across the United States from 2009 to 2017

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s34-s35

Author(s):

Dustin Flannery ◽

Ibukun Akinboyo ◽

Sagori Mukhopadhyay ◽

Alison Tribble ◽

Lihai Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Prescription ◽

The United States ◽

E Coli ◽

Empiric Antibiotic ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽

Susceptibility Patterns ◽

Over Time

Background:Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a leading cause of infections among term and preterm newborn infants. Continued surveillance of neonatal E. coli antibiotic susceptibility patterns is important to optimize empiric antibiotic prescription for infants at risk for infection, in light of evolving reports of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in all settings. Our objective was to determine E. coli epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among a large sample of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the United States from 2009 to 2017. Methods: Retrospective observational study using the Premier Database, including infants born from 2009 to 2017 and admitted to academic or community NICUs contributing microbiology data during the study period. We analyzed antibiotic susceptibilities for E. coli isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. We focused on clinically relevant and priority susceptibility categories: (1) ampicillin nonsusceptible; (2) aminoglycoside nonsusceptible; (3) carbapenem nonsusceptible; and (4) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL; phenotypic definition). We determined the proportion of infants with nonsusceptible organisms in each category by year and tested for changes over time. Lastly, we assessed susceptibility patterns by specimen source, birthweight, and timing of infection. Results: Of the 117,484 included infants, 733 (0.6%) had at least 1 E. coli episode, of which 721 (98.4%) had available susceptibility results, from 69 centers. Patient and center characteristics of infants with E. coli are shown in Table 1. Most organisms were tested against ampicillin (99.9%), gentamicin (99.6%), and ceftriaxone (91.5%). Figure 1 shows nonsusceptibility rates for the categories of interest. Overall, ampicillin nonsusceptibility ranged from 63.3% to 68.6% per year (mean, 66.8%±1.5%); aminoglycoside nonsusceptibility ranged from 10.7% to 23.2% (mean, 16.8%±4.5%); carbapenem nonsusceptibility was 0% for all years; and ESBL ranged from 1.2% to 11.3% (mean, 5.1%±3.4%). We detected no statistically significant trends for any of the categories of interest over time (all P > .05), and susceptibility trends were consistent when repeated by specimen source, birthweight, and timing of infection. Conclusions: We found stable, yet concerning, patterns of E. coli antibiotic nonsusceptibility among infants admitted to NICUs across the United States from 2009 to 2017. Rates of ampicillin nonsusceptibility and aminoglycoside nonsusceptibility were higher than previous reports. ESBL E. coli rates were low but present among neonatal patients. No carbapenem nonsusceptible E. coli was identified. These findings can inform empiric antibiotic prescription for infants admitted to NICUs across the United States.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Diarrhea Samples within the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874434602014010321 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 321-330

Author(s):

Nwabisa Azisa Mkuhlu ◽

Iweriebor Benson Chuks ◽

Obi Larry Chikwelu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

South Africa ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Stool Samples

Objectives: Developing countries like South Africa are still faced with numerous challenges such as poor environmental sanitation, lack of clean drinking water and inadequate hygiene which have contributed largely to diarrheal infections and deaths in children. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of pathotypes, antimicrobial resistance and drug resistance determinants among Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from diarrhea stool samples within Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: Fresh diarrheal stool samples were collected from 140 patients attending public health centres within the Municipality and presumptive E. coli isolates were obtained from the stool samples using E. coli chromogenic agar while PCR amplification methods were used to confirm the presumptive isolates as well as delineate them into pathotypes based on the presence of certain virulence genes. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility and screening of some of the antimicrobial resistant determinants were performed on all the confirmed isolates. Results: A total of 394 presumptive E. coli isolates from 140 diarrhea stool samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification, of which 265 were confirmed positive as E. coli. Pathotypes delineation of the positive E. coli isolates validated the presence of ETEC 106 (40%), EAEC 48 (18%), DAEC 37 (14%), and EPEC 31 (11%) while no EIEC pathotype was detected. All E. coli isolates exhibited maximum susceptibility to gentamicin (95%), amikacin (91%), nitrofurantoin (91%), meropenem (90%), chloramphenicol (91%) norfloxacin (84%) and imipenem (83%). However, the isolates showed multidrug resistance to penicillin G, ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, doxycycline, and erythromycin, with over 71% of the isolates resistant to the drugs. The prevalence and distribution of the five resistance determinants assessed were as follow; sulphonamides; sulII (12%), beta lactams; [ampC (22%); blaTEM, (25%)], and tetracyclines (tetA (35%). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest the probable involvement of E. coli pathotypes as an etiologic agent of diarrhea in the study area and revealed high levels of multidrug resistance among the isolates, which could be a major health burden.

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