scholarly journals Repeated Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in the Setting of Long-Term Non-Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshia Alimohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Repeated spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection in the setting of long-term non-progression of HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Kerkerian ◽  
Arshia Alimohammadi ◽  
Tyler Raycraft ◽  
Brian Conway
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
The Relationship

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global pandemics that affect 170 million and 35 million individuals, respectively. Up to 45% of individuals infected with HCV clear their infections spontaneously – correlating to factors like aboriginal descent and some host specific immune factors. HIV, however, establishes true latency in infected cells and cannot be cured. In the setting of longterm non-progressors (LTNPs) of HIV, a state of immune preservation and low circulating viral load is established. Regarding HIV/HCV co-infection, little is known about the relationship between spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and long-term control of HIV infection without medical intervention. We describe a case of a HIVinfected female defined as a LTNP in whom spontaneous clearance of HCV was documented on multiple occasions. Similar cases should be documented and identified in an effort to develop novel hypotheses about the natural control of these infections and inform research on immune-based interventions to control them.

Human immunodeficiency virus facilitates infection/replication of hepatitis C virus in native human macrophages

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 3854-3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Laskus ◽  
Marek Radkowski ◽  
Joanna Jablonska ◽  
Karen Kibler ◽  
Jeffrey Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Negative Strand ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was found to replicate in monocytes/macrophages particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. This study was undertaken to determine whether HIV facilitates HCV infection of native human macrophages in vitro. Monocytes/macrophages were collected from healthy donors, infected with HIV M-tropic molecular clone, and then exposed to HCV-positive sera. Presence of positive and negative HCV RNA strands was determined with a novel strand-specific quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Preceding as well as near-simultaneous infection with HIV made the macrophages more susceptible to infection with HCV; in particular, an HCV RNA–negative strand was detectable almost exclusively in the setting of concomitant HIV infection. Furthermore, HCV RNAload correlated with HIV replication level in the early stage of infection. The ratio of positive to negative strand in macrophages was lower than in control liver samples. HIV infection was also found to facilitate HCV replication in a Daudi B-cell line with engineered CD4 expression. It seems that HIV infection can facilitate replication of HCV in monocytes/macrophages either by rendering cells more susceptible to HCV infection or by increasing HCV replication. This could explain the presence of extrahepatic HCV replication in HIV-coinfected individuals.

scholarly journals The natural history of early hepatitis C virus evolution; lessons from a global outbreak in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 2227-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. Thomson ◽  
Jennifer A. Smith ◽  
Paul Klenerman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

New insights into the early viral evolution and cellular immune response during acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are being gained following a global outbreak in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men. Cross-sectional and longitudinal sequence analysis at both the population and individual level have facilitated tracking of the HCV epidemic across the world and enabled the development of tests of viral diversity in individual patients in order to predict spontaneous clearance of HCV and response to treatment. Immunological studies in HIV-positive cohorts have highlighted the role of the CD4+ T-cell response in the control of early HCV infection and will increase the opportunity for the identification of protective epitopes that could be used in future vaccine development.

scholarly journals Shedding of Hepatitis C Virus in Semen of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Turner ◽  
Sara Gianella ◽  
Marcus J-S. Yip ◽  
Wouter O. van Seggelen ◽  
Robert D. Gillies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Abstract Background.  The epidemic of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) has been documented for over a decade. Despite this, there is no consensus as to the risk factors for sexual acquisition of HCV in these men. Methods.  We obtained paired semen and blood samples at 2-week intervals from HIV-infected MSM with recent and chronic HCV infection and quantified HCV in semen. Results.  Hepatitis C virus was quantified in 59 semen specimens from 33 men. Hepatitis C virus was shed in 16 (27%) of semen specimens from 11 (33%) of the men. Median HCV viral load (VL) in semen was 1.49 log10 IU/mL. Hepatitis C virus VL in blood was significantly higher at the time of HCV shedding in semen than when HCV shedding in semen was not detected (P = .002). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the HCV VL in blood and semen overall (rs = 0.41; P = .001), and in the subgroup with recent HCV infection (rs = 0.37; P = .02), but not in the subgroup with chronic HCV infection (rs = 0.34; P = .1). Conclusions.  One third of HIV-infected MSM coinfected with HCV shed HCV into their semen. Based on the HCV VL in semen in this study, an average ejaculate would deliver up to 6630 IU of virus into the rectum of the receptive partner. Therefore, our data strongly support that condoms should be used during anal intercourse among MSM to prevent transmission of HCV.

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