A rare case: Penetrating craneoencefalic trauma by knife

Background: Cranioencephalic penetrating trauma (CPT) is caused by a sharp or short- pointed object that passes through the bone, dura mater, brain and other structures. Its incidence is unknown and few cases are described; penetrating injuries represent 0.4%, therefore there is no protocolized management. Case report: A 24-year-old male patient suffered penetrating trauma at left parietal region with a "knife"; he was sutured and sent home with analgesics. Five days after the trauma, he was admitted for headache, disorientation and decreased visual acuity. X-ray (XR) of Cranium evidencing a foreign body, therefore it is sent to a reference hospital. Evolution: The diagnosis is confirmed by a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the skull with 3-dimensional reconstruction (3D) plus CT angiography (angio CT), which shows "knife" in the left parietal region without vascular compromise. Neurosurgeons perform removal of the foreign body plus a dura mater plasty. Patient stay 12 days hospitalized with a favorable evolution and improvement of neurological symptomatology. Conclusion: CPT due to a knife is an emergency and there is no protocolized management. The removal of the foreign body must be done in a hospital for the risk of lesions of large vessels.

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Clinical Application of 3 Dimensional Reconstruction of CT from Fish Bone Foreign Body Model

Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.3342/kjorl-hns.2014.57.4.244 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kuk Sung Woo ◽

Young Sam Yoo ◽

Han Bee Lee ◽

Dong Won Kim ◽

Ji-Min Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Fish Bone ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Body Model ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080249 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 562-563

Author(s):

Robert Glaeser ◽

Thomas Bauer ◽

David Grano

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Thin Sections ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Stereo Imagery ◽

Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

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Structural preservation and absolute contrast of catalase crystal sections prepared with tannic acid

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007597x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 448-449

Author(s):

C.W. Akey ◽

M. Szalay ◽

S.J. Edelstein

Keyword(s):

Tannic Acid ◽

Beef Heart ◽

X Rays ◽

Screw Axis ◽

General Applicability ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Beef Liver ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Structural Preservation

Three methods of obtaining 20 Å resolution in sectioned protein crystals have recently been described. They include tannic acid fixation, low temperature embedding and grid sectioning. To be useful for 3-dimensional reconstruction thin sections must possess suitable resolution, structural fidelity and a known contrast. Tannic acid fixation appears to satisfy the above criteria based on studies of crystals of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, orthorhombic beef liver catalase and beef heart F1-ATPase. In order to develop methods with general applicability, we have concentrated our efforts on a trigonal modification of catalase which routinely demonstrated a resolution of 40 Å. The catalase system is particularly useful since a comparison with the structure recently solved with x-rays will permit evaluation of the accuracy of 3-D reconstructions of sectioned crystals.Initially, we re-evaluated the packing of trigonal catalase crystals studied by Longley. Images of the (001) plane are of particular interest since they give a projection down the 31-screw axis in space group P3121. Images obtained by the method of Longley or by tannic acid fixation are negatively contrasted since control experiments with orthorhombic catalase plates yield negatively stained specimens with conditions used for the larger trigonal crystals.

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Spot-scan imaging of ice-embedded catalase crystal on a slow-scan CCD camera in a 400-kV electron cryomicroscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100168220 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 98-99

Author(s):

Wah Chiu ◽

Michael Sherman ◽

Jaap Brink

Keyword(s):

Electron Diffraction ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Protein Crystal ◽

Modulation Transfer ◽

Measured Intensity ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Complex Crystal

In protein electron crystallography, both low dose electron diffraction patterns and images are needed to provide accurate amplitudes and phases respectively for a 3-dimensional reconstruction. We have demonstrated that the Gatan 1024x1024 model 679 slow-scan CCD camera is useful to record electron diffraction intensities of glucose-embedded crotoxin complex crystal to 3 Å resolution. The quality of the electron diffraction intensities is high on the basis of the measured intensity equivalence ofthe Friedel-related reflections. Moreover, the number of patterns recorded from a single crystal can be as high as 120 under the constraints of radiation damage and electron statistics for the reflections in each pattern.A limitation of the slow-scan CCD camera for recording electron images of protein crystal arises from the relatively large pixel size, i.e. 24 μm (provided by Gatan). The modulation transfer function of our camera with a P43 scintillator has been determined for 400 keV electrons and shows an amplitude fall-off to 0.25 at 1/60 μm−1.

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Immunolocalization of nuclear antigens in cryofixed cells which have been prepared by molecular distillation drying or freeze-substitution

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162053 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 898-899

Author(s):

David L. Spector ◽

Robert J. Derby

Keyword(s):

Cell Nucleus ◽

Molecular Distillation ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽

Nuclear Antigens ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Nuclear Regions ◽

Immunoperoxidase Labeling

Studies in our laboratory are involved in evaluating the structural and functional organization of the mammalian cell nucleus. Since several major classes (U1, U2, U4/U6, U5) of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) play a crucial role in the processing of pre-mRNA molecules, we have been interested in the localization of these particles within the cell nucleus. Using pre-embedding immunoperoxidase labeling combined with 3-dimensional reconstruction, we have recently shown that nuclear regions enriched in snRNPs form a reticular network within the nucleoplasm which extends between the nucleolar surface and the nuclear envelope. In the present study we were inte rested in extending these nuclear localizations using cell preparation techniques which avoid slow penetration of fixatives, chemical crosslinking of potential antigens and solvent extraction. CHOC 400 cells were cryofixed using a CF 100 ultra rapid cooling device (LifeCell Corp.). After cryofixation cells were molecular distillation dried, vapor osmicated, in filtra ted in 100% Spurr resin in vacuo and polymerized in molds a t 60°C. Using this procedure we were able to evaluate the distribution of snRNPs in resin embedded cells which had not been chemically fixed, incubated in cryoprotectants or extracted with solvents.

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Computational Analysis of Olfactory Airspace in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665620982754 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105566562098275

Author(s):

Reanna Shah ◽

Jeffrey R. Marcus ◽

Dennis O. Frank-Ito

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Computational Analysis ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Nasal Deformity ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To evaluate the magnitude of olfactory recess opacity in patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (uCLND). Design: Subject-specific 3-dimensional reconstruction of the nasal airway anatomy was created from computed tomography images in 11 (4 males and 7 females) subjects with uCLND and 7 (3 males, and 4 females) normal subjects. The volume and surface area of each subject’s unilateral and bilateral olfactory airspace was quantified to assess the impact of opacification. Qualitatively speaking, patients with 75% to 100% olfactory recess opacification were classified as extreme, 50% to 75% as severe, 25% to 50% as moderate, and 0% to 25% as mild. Results: Of the 11 subjects with uCLND, 5 (45%) were classified as having extreme olfactory recess opacification, 3 (27%) subjects had severe opacification, and 3 (27%) subjects had moderate opacification. Mean (±SD) bilateral olfactory recess volume was significantly greater in normal subjects than in subjects with uCLND (0.9668 cm3 ± 0.4061 cm3 vs 0.3426 cm3 ± 0.1316 cm3; P < .001). Furthermore, unilateral olfactory airspace volumes for the cleft and non-cleft sides in subjects with uCLND were considerably less than unilateral olfactory volume in subjects with normal anatomy (uCLND cleft side = 0.1623 cm3 ± 0.0933 cm3; uCLND non-cleft side = 0.1803 cm3 ± 0.0938 cm3; normal = 0.4834 cm3 ± 0.2328 cm3; P < .001). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of olfactory recess opacification among subjects with uCLND when compared to subjects with normal anatomy. The majority of subjects with uCLND had extreme olfactory recess opacity, which will likely influence their sense of smell.

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Airway Abnormalities in Adult Mucopolysaccharidosis and Development of Salford Mucopolysaccharidosis Airway Score

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3275

Author(s):

Chaitanya Gadepalli ◽

Karolina M. Stepien ◽

Reena Sharma ◽

Ana Jovanovic ◽

Govind Tol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airway Disease ◽

Lysosomal Storage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Airway Narrowing ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Multiple Parameters ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Airway Abnormalities

(1) Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by the absence of enzymes required for degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs deposition in tissues leads to progressive airway narrowing and/or tortuosity. Increased longevity of patients has posed newer problems, especially the airway. This study aims to characterise various airway abnormalities in adult MPS from a regional centre and proposes a method to quantify the severity of the airway disease. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis by case notes review, clinical examination, endoscopy, cross-sectional imaging, 3-dimensional reconstruction, and physiological investigations were used to assess the airway abnormalities. Quantitative assessment of the airway severity was performed a validated questionnaire of 15 parameters to derive Salford Mucopolysaccharidosis Airway Score (SMAS). (3) Results: Thirty-one adult MPS patients (21M/ 9F; median 26.7 years; range 19–42 years) were reviewed. There were 9 MPS I, 12 MPS II, 2 MPS III, 5 MPS IV, 2 MPS VI, and 1 MPS VII. Airway abnormalities in each MPS type are described. Patients scoring more than 35 on SMAS had some form of airway intervention. The area under curve of 0.9 was noted at a score of 25, so SMAS more than 25 may predict a difficult airway and potential to have complications. Pearson’s correlation between SMAS and height, weight, BMI were poor (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Airway abnormalities in adult MPS are varied and complex. Assessment of the airway should be holistic and include multiple parameters. An objective multidimensional score such as SMAS may help to predict and manage difficult airways warranting further investigation and validation.

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High-resolution limited-angle phase tomography of dense layered objects using deep neural networks

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1821378116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (40) ◽

pp. 19848-19856 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alexandre Goy ◽

Girish Rughoobur ◽

Shuai Li ◽

Kwabena Arthur ◽

Akintunde I. Akinwande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuit ◽

Deep Neural Networks ◽

Tomographic Reconstruction ◽

Synthetic Data ◽

Single Step ◽

Training Set ◽

Step Method ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Optical Domain

We present a machine learning-based method for tomographic reconstruction of dense layered objects, with range of projection angles limited to ±10○. Whereas previous approaches to phase tomography generally require 2 steps, first to retrieve phase projections from intensity projections and then to perform tomographic reconstruction on the retrieved phase projections, in our work a physics-informed preprocessor followed by a deep neural network (DNN) conduct the 3-dimensional reconstruction directly from the intensity projections. We demonstrate this single-step method experimentally in the visible optical domain on a scaled-up integrated circuit phantom. We show that even under conditions of highly attenuated photon fluxes a DNN trained only on synthetic data can be used to successfully reconstruct physical samples disjoint from the synthetic training set. Thus, the need for producing a large number of physical examples for training is ameliorated. The method is generally applicable to tomography with electromagnetic or other types of radiation at all bands.

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