Development of shirt pattern for wheelchair tennis players through 3D avatars

This study is to develop the wheelchair tennis pattern to improve comfort by reducing garment strain in a CAD program by analyzing seven body movements related to garment strain during play. The bodice was subdivided into surface zones in the present study to efficiently develop 2D patterns that can later be transferred into 3D virtual garments and draped onto 3D avatars. The 2D patterns were developed based on morphological analysis that provided different possible solutions to enhance comfort by releasing garment strain at each surface zone. The structural lines and wearing ease grade points were utilized to adjust a tennis shirt block pattern when developing this 2D pattern at morphological analysis step. In this study, 3D body scanner was used to create 3D avatars with postures based on the determined seven body movements. The drafted pattern was used to drape the virtual garments on the each movement of 3D avatars in the CAD program, and then the stain areas of the pattern design were identified using the tension map. In all of the movements, the majority of garment strain appeared on the shoulder surface and around the neck within the surface zone of bodice shoulder angle. The majority of other strain found was on the shoulder blade as the bodice bust zone during movements in the forehand swing, backhand swing, serve toss, and serve follow through postures. Based on these strain results obtained from 3D scanner, the first pattern was developed to release strains in shoulder as seen by the significant decrease in strain during both forehand movements. The second pattern was constructed to release other maximized strain on the back surface zone of the shoulder blade. Based on the results of this study, it should be noted that the shoulder and the shoulder blade areas are important during development of patterns in terms of decreasing strain for comfort during wheelchair tennis play movements.

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The knitting methods for seamless garments based on four-needle bed computerized flat machine

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/00405175211035139 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004051752110351

Author(s):

Lisha Lu ◽

Gaoming Jiang ◽

Guangjun Wu

Keyword(s):

Design Process ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Design System ◽

Great Contribution ◽

Pattern Design ◽

Traditional Technology ◽

Different Types ◽

2D Pattern ◽

Seamless Knitting ◽

Transformation Methods

Seamless garments reducing the cutting and sewing processes are created using seamless knitting technology. This type of garment, being less dependent on labor, is knitted as a whole and makes a great contribution to improving production efficiency. More importantly, seamless garments are more comfortable and natural compared with those styles produced by traditional technology. However, the techniques of seamless garments are huge and complex, making the pattern design process more difficult. In addition, the seamless knitting technology has great restrictions to the styles with rich shapes due to the limitation of the devices. Therefore, how to knit more complex styles using seamless knitting technology still faces great challenges. For these reasons, this study extensively investigated the knitting principle of seamless garments and proposed six knitting models for different kinds of garments. Then the transformation methods from 3D style to 2D pattern were explored respectively based on the knitting characteristics of each model. Finally, by package programming in the SDS-ONE APEX design system, the actual knitting for six types of garments was conducted on the computerized flat knitting machine. The results showed that different types of seamless garments have significant differences in the pattern design and the approaches proposed above can make different kinds of garments using seamless knitting technology.

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2D Pattern Design of Upper Outer from 3D Specification Based on Neural Networks

Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/11760191_118 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 805-814

Author(s):

Dongyun Wang ◽

Yulin Xu

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Pattern Design ◽

2D Pattern

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The Effect of Age on Discrete Kinematics of the Elite Female Tennis Serve

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.29.5.573 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 573-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

David Whiteside ◽

Bruce Elliott ◽

Brendan Lay ◽

Machar Reid

Keyword(s):

Motion Capture ◽

Skill Acquisition ◽

Adult Male ◽

Motion Capture System ◽

Body Movements ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Tennis Serve ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Full Body

The importance of the flat serve in tennis is well documented, with an abundance of research evaluating the service technique of adult male players. Comparatively, the female and junior serves have received far less attention. Therefore, the aims of this study were to quantify the flat serve kinematics in elite prepubescent, pubescent, and postpubescent female tennis players. Full body, racket, and ball kinematics were derived using a 22-camera Vicon motion capture system. Racket velocity was significantly lower in the prepubescent group than in the two older groups. In generating racket velocity, the role of the serving arm appears to become more pronounced after the onset of puberty, whereas leg drive and “shoulder-over-shoulder” rotation mature even later in development. These factors are proposed to relate to strength deficits and junior players’ intentions to reduce the complexity of the skill. Temporally, coupling perception (cues from the ball) and action (body movements) are less refined in the prepubescent serve, presumably reducing the “rhythm” (and dynamism) of the service action. Practically, there appears scope for equipment scaling to preserve kinematic relevance between the junior and senior serve and promote skill acquisition.

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Stannous fluoride treatment of acid-etched caries-like lesions of enamel: A scanning electron microscopic study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100113482 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 720-721

Author(s):

M. John Hicks ◽

Leon M. Silverstone ◽

David G. Gantt ◽

Catherine M. Flaitz

Keyword(s):

Acid Etching ◽

Surface Zone ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Fluoride Treatment ◽

Stannous Fluoride ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Demineralized Enamel ◽

Intact Surface ◽

Topical Fluoride

Although fluoride levels become elevated in sound enamel following a topical fluoride treatment, the caries-preventive effect of fluoride is thought to be due primarily to the role of fluoride in remineralization of clinically undetectable enamel lesions and hypomineralized enamel. During lesion formation, redistribution of fluoride from the enamel surface to the subsurface demineralized enamel occurs. This results in a surface zone with a relatively low fluoride content. In order to maintain an intact surface zone over a carious lesion, it may be necessary to replenish the fluoride levels with an exogenous fluoride source. By acid-etching the lesion surface, a more reactive surface is made available for fluoride interaction. In addition, porosities and etching patterns may be created, allowing for bonding of a caries-resistant resin material to the lesion surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the integrity of the caries-like lesion surface following acid-etching and subsequent stannous fluoride treatment (SnF2).

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Preparation of Backthinned Ceramic Specimens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117881 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

A. T. Fisher ◽

P. Angelini

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Vacuum System ◽

Back Surface ◽

Surface Microstructure ◽

Ion Milling ◽

Near Surface ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Ion Implanted

Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) of the near surface microstructure of ion implanted ceramics can provide much information about these materials. Backthinning of specimens results in relatively large thin areas for analysis of precipitates, voids, dislocations, depth profiles of implanted species and other features. One of the most critical stages in the backthinning process is the ion milling procedure. Material sputtered during ion milling can redeposit on the back surface thereby contaminating the specimen with impurities such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, etc. These impurities may originate from the specimen, specimen platform and clamping plates, vacuum system, and other components. The contamination may take the form of discrete particles or continuous films [Fig. 1] and compromises many of the compositional and microstructural analyses. A method is being developed to protect the implanted surface by coating it with NaCl prior to backthinning. Impurities which deposit on the continuous NaCl film during ion milling are removed by immersing the specimen in water and floating the contaminants from the specimen as the salt dissolves.

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Structural and Chemical Studies of Pathological Fibers in Human Neurofibrillary Degeneration

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012031x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 726-729

Author(s):

K.S. Kosik ◽

L.K. Duffy ◽

S. Bakalis ◽

C. Abraham ◽

D.J. Selkoe

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Human Brain ◽

Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

High Specificity ◽

Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽

Neuritic Plaque ◽

Protein Chemistry ◽

Chemical Studies

The major structural lesions of the human brain during aging and in Alzheimer disease (AD) are the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and the senile (neuritic) plaque. Although these fibrous alterations have been recognized by light microscopists for almost a century, detailed biochemical and morphological analysis of the lesions has been undertaken only recently. Because the intraneuronal deposits in the NFT and the plaque neurites and the extraneuronal amyloid cores of the plaques have a filamentous ultrastructure, the neuronal cytoskeleton has played a prominent role in most pathogenetic hypotheses.The approach of our laboratory toward elucidating the origin of plaques and tangles in AD has been two-fold: the use of analytical protein chemistry to purify and then characterize the pathological fibers comprising the tangles and plaques, and the use of certain monoclonal antibodies to neuronal cytoskeletal proteins that, despite high specificity, cross-react with NFT and thus implicate epitopes of these proteins as constituents of the tangles.

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