Developments of Adapted Clothing for Physically Disabled People with Scoliosis Using 3D Geometrical Model

Scoliosis is a deformity of the spine that causes disorders of the rib cage. This makes it difficult to design clothes for affected people without following the shape of the rib cage. This paper presents a new 3D clothing design method based on virtual reality for women with physical disabilities such as scoliosis. The current design method is a variation of the draping techniques commonly used by fashion designers to design clothes on a mannequin or human body. However, the current design process highly considers the skeleton and body scan of the person. The skeleton is used to detect the anthropometric points of the patient, while the body scan allows us to detect the morphological contours at the onset of scoliosis. Thus, both allow us to accurately track the patient’s morphology and atypical shape. The position of the morphological contours is indicated by reference marks that are closely associated with the skeleton. This helps to automatically adapt the garment to the evolution of the patient’s pathology over time. The process of creating the 3D garment was processed based on the 3D model of the thorax, which helps to easily determine the anthropometric points and the morphological curves. Using this data, the geometrical model of the garment could be created with 3D ease allowances. The 2D block pattern was then obtained by flattening the 3D patterns using flattening methods. Finally, various tests were performed considering the evolution of pathology to predict the future garment. These tests validate our geometrical model of the garment with 3D ease allowances by comparing the results with previous work.

The Electrocardiogram in Nonsystemic Ventricular Pacing in a Patient with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries and Dextrocardia

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) has a high incidence of dextrocardia and complete heart block. We describe a 34 year-old male with CCTGA, dextrocardia, and third degree atrioventricular block status-post dual chamber pacemaker that presented with acute heart failure syndrome. Cardiac CT Angiography confirmed CCTGA with situs solitus and dextrocardia. EKG with standard frontal leads showed a normal P wave axis and right-sided precordial leads showed a right bundle branch block pattern. With situs solitus there is a normal P wave axis on standard frontal leads. With nonsystemic ventricular pacing in CCTGA with dextrocardia left- and right-sided precordial leads show a left bundle branch block pattern and right bundle branch block pattern respectively. This case highlights electrocardiographic patterns seen with dextrocardia and morphologic reversal of ventricles. Subject Terms List: Dextrocardia, Electrocardiogram, Pacemaker, Transposition of the Great Arteries

Diagnostic value of ECG characteristics in precordial leads V1-V3 for the diagnosis of the origin of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias with a lead V3 precordial transition

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Purpose. To distinguish the origin of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OTVAs) with a V3 precordial transition is still a challenge. To date, numerous diagnostic algorithms have been described, mainly by analysis of leads V1 and V2, while a complete study of lead V3 has never been conducted. Methods. The ECG characteristics of 45 patients (Pts) with a left bundle branch block pattern OTVAs (LVOT 51.1%, RVOT 48.9%) who underwent successful catheter ablation were retrospectively analyzed. The region where the radiofrequency delivery resulted in the persistent suppression of the arrhythmia was identified as the site of origin. For every duration or amplitude variable and for derivative indices, the comparison of means (U Mann Whitney or t-test), the determination of the AUC by ROC curves, and the correlation with BMI and BSA were performed. The odds ratio was calculated for every variable with an AUC ≥ 0.700. The three best results are described. Results. Pts with a LVOT origin were older (59.91 ± 10.48 vs 50.95 ± 15.48, p = 0.027) and predominantly males (82.6% vs 54.5%, p = 0.042) but they shared similar BMI (24.74 ± 2.76 vs 24.09 ± 2.94, p = 0.45) and BSA (1.83 ± 0.12 vs 1.77 ± 0.16, p = 0.157). In leads V1 – V2 the duration but not the amplitude of the R wave showed a significant correlation with the BSA; no variable, with the exception of the S wave amplitude, exhibited an AUC ≥ 0.700. Criteria based on the prevalence of the R wave in those leads were very specific but not sensitive as a V1 – V2 duration index ≥ 50% and a V1 – V2 amplitude ratio ≥ 30% were present only in 13.04 and 26.08% respectively of patients with a LVOT origin. No measurement in lead V3 showed any correlation with auxological characteristics. The three best ECG variables were: 1) the V3 R wave duration index (R wave \ QRS duration); AUC 0.905, LVOT origin if ≥ 50%, OR 74.80 95% CI [7.97 – 701.48], p < 0.001; 2) the V3 R wave duration; AUC 0.900, LVOT origin if ≥ 80 msec, OR 47.25 95% CI [7.73 – 288.82], p < 0.001; 3) the V3 R wave percentage (amplitude of the R wave with respect to the global amplitude of the QRS, expressed as a percentage); AUC 0.888, LVOT origin if ≥ 50%, OR 36 95% CI [6.19 – 209.06], p < 0.001. Based on the V2 transition ratio calculation formula, we calculated the V3 transition ratio (AUC 0.843, LVOT origin if ≥ 1) which was very sensitive but less specific; OR 30 CI [3.32 – 270.37], p = 0.002. To multivariate analysis, only a V3 R wave percentage ≥ 50% proved to be an independent predictor of LVOT origin; OR 9 CI [2.08 – 38.78], p = 0.003, even if the criterion with the highest accuracy was a V3 duration index ≥ 50% (88.89%). Conclusions. Although it has been poorly analyzed in previous studies on the origin of OTVAs, the morphological characteristics of lead V3 seem to provide valid elements for the creation of diagnostic algorithms. Abstract Figure. Comparison of ECG characteristics

The Analysis of Indonesian EFL Argumentative Writing Using Toulmin’s Model: The Structure and Struggles from the Learners

<p>Argumentative writing plays an important role in academic writing at university level. However, learners mostly find that writing this essay a challenging and effortful task. This present study aims at exploring the structures of argumentative essay written by Indonesian EFL students from one university in Jakarta Indonesia. Moreover, it investigates their difficulty and constraints during composing the essay. Using a descriptive qualitative design, the authors selected writing assignment and questionnaire for collecting data. A layout of Toulmin model of arguments was used in analyzing the essays. The findings of the study show that the argumentative papers cover the main elements: claim (thesis statement), data, rebut, and rebuttal data using either in block pattern or point-by-point pattern. The elements show diverse in types. Logical analysis and explanation are the most frequently used on the papers. Though they present acceptable thesis with well-organized essay, some information is unrelated and data for supporting the claim are seemingly insufficient. In addition, the students think that this essay as difficult task. In general, lack of knowledge, vocabulary and practice cause the constraints. In specific level, the students report that giving argument, finding support and working on counterargument become source of difficulty and constraints.</p>