scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Promising Tailored Medicine for Neurological Disorders: Beyond Chemical Drugs

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Tunez
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation

scholarly journals Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for improving lower limb function in individuals with neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Krogh ◽  
Anette B. Jønsson ◽  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Helge Kasch
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cord Injury

Objective: To determine the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation vs sham stimulation on improving lower-limb functional outcomes in individuals with neurological disorders.  Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Scopus databases were searched from inception to 31 March 2020 to identify papers (n = 1,198). Two researchers independently reviewed studies for eligibility. Randomized clinical trials with parallel-group design, involving individuals with neurological disorders, including lower-limb functional outcome measures and published in scientific peer-reviewed journals were included.  Data extraction: Two researchers independently screened eligible papers (n = 27) for study design, clinical population characteristics, stimulation protocol and relevant outcome measures, and assessed study quality. Data synthesis: Studies presented a moderate risk of selection, attrition and reporting bias. An overall effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was found for outcomes: gait (effect size [95% confidence interval; 95% CI]: 0.51 [0.29; 0.74], p = 0.003) and muscle strength (0.99 [0.40; 1.58], p = 0.001) and disorders: stroke (0.20 [0.00; 0.39], p = 0.05), Parkinson’s disease (1.01 [0.65; 1.37], p = 0.02) and spinal cord injury (0.50 [0.14; 0.85], p = 0.006), compared with sham. No effect was found for outcomes: mobility and balance. Conclusion: Supplementary repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may promote rehabilitation focused on ambulation and muscle strength and overall lower-limb functional recovery in individuals with stroke, Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injury. Further evidence is needed to extrapolate these findings. a

scholarly journals Excess significance bias in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation literature for neuropsychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amad ◽  
Renaud Jardri ◽  
Chloé Rousseau ◽  
Yann Larochelle ◽  
John P.A. Ioannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACTIntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely tested and promoted for use in multiple neuropsychiatric conditions, but as for many other medical devices, some gaps may exist in the literature and the evidence base for rTMS clinical efficacy remains under debate. We aimed to empirically test for an excess number of statistically significant results in the literature on rTMS therapeutic efficacy across a wide range of meta-analyses and to characterize the power of studies included in these meta-analyses.MethodsBased on power calculations, we computed the expected number of “positive” datasets for a medium effect-size (standardized mean difference, SMD=0.30) and compared it with the number of observed “positive” datasets. Sensitivity analyses considered small (SMD=0.20), modest (SMD=0.50), and large (SMD=0.80) effect sizes.Results14 meta-analyses with 228 datasets (110 for neurological disorders and 118 for psychiatric disorders) were assessed. For SMD=0.3, the number of observed “positive” studies (n=94) was larger than expected (n=35). We found evidence for an excess of significant findings overall (p<0.0001) and in 8/14 meta-analyses. Evidence for an excess of significant findings was also observed for SMD=0.5 for neurological disorders. 0 (0 %), 0 (0 %), 3 (1 %), and 53 (23 %) of the 228 datasets had power >0.80, respectively for SMDs of 0.30, 0.20, 0.50, and 0.80.ConclusionMost studies in the rTMS literature are underpowered. This results in fragmentation and waste of research efforts. The somewhat high frequency of “positive” results seems spurious and may reflect bias.Trial Registration: PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017056694

Enhancing the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation with intravenously injected magnetic nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2297-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Li ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiaoya Yu ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic nanoparticles SPIONs are non-invasively introduced into the brain to enhance the effects of a non-invasive clinical brain stimulation method for treating neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Grammatical Distinctions in the Left Frontal Cortex

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Shapiro ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Felix M. Mottaghy ◽  
Massimo Gangitano ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Brain

Selective deficits in producing verbs relative to nouns in speech are well documented in neuropsychology and have been associated with left hemisphere frontal cortical lesions resulting from stroke and other neurological disorders. The basis for these impairments is unresolved: Do they arise because of differences in the way grammatical categories of words are organized in the brain, or because of differences in the neural representation of actions and objects? We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to suppress the excitability of a portion of left prefrontal cortex and to assess its role in producing nouns and verbs. In one experiment subjects generated real words; in a second, they produced pseudowords as nouns or verbs. In both experiments, response latencies increased for verbs but were unaffected for nouns following rTMS. These results demonstrate that grammatical categories have a neuroanatomical basis and that the left prefrontal cortex is selectively engaged in processing verbs as grammatical objects.

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