scholarly journals Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Presentation of a clinical case

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-426
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Vargas Hernández ◽  
Machuca-Hernandez Violeta Fabiola ◽  
Victor Manuel Vargas-Aguilar ◽  
Agustín I Rodríguez Blaz ◽  
José María Tovar Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Lack Of Information

Background: Ovarian germ cell tumors are derived from the primordial germ cells of the ovary, they can be benign or malignant. Non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma is extremely rare and aggressive that are of gestational or non-gestational origin, its prevalence is less than 0.6% of all ovarian germ cell tumors. Due to the rarity of the tumor, there is a lack of information on the clinical-pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. Objective: present a case of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcioma and review of the literature Clinical case: We present the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with an acute abdomen, due to abdominal pain and distention, with scant vaginal bleeding and pain on cervical mobilization; An ultrasound was performed with a right annex with a lesion measuring 114 x83x79mm and a total volume of 394cc, heterogeneous with linear images inside punctiform and human chorionic beta-gonadotropin levels, elevated 112.337 mUI/mL, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with the finding of an ovarian tumor; performing salpingo-oophorectomy and the histopathological report of the definitive surgical specimen and immunohistochemical study, the diagnosis of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma was made. Conclusion: Non-gestational choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm that can present clinically in different ways, even as an acute abdomen, which requires differential diagnoses and management is the combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Seminoma presented with acute abdomen due to ileum perforation

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-639
Author(s):  
Ali Filiz ◽  
İlker Sücüllü ◽  
Yavuz Kurt ◽  
Oğuz Okul ◽  
Zafer Küçükodaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Hollow Viscus ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Ileal Perforation ◽  
Male Patients

AbstractGerm cell tumors presenting with an acute abdomen are not common. We present a case of seminoma with ileum perforation, which presented in a 48-year-old man. who had been admitted to hospital with a right lower abdominal palpable mass measuring approximately 16 cm. Before an exploratory laparotomy was performed, acute abdomen with signs of hollow viscus perforation had occurred. An ileum perforation was detected and a right hemicolectomy and ileal resection were performed. The pathological examination showed a classic seminoma of undescended testis. In conclusion, this case is interesting with respect to its clinical picture of acute abdomen due to ileal perforation. The possibility of a germ cell tumor should always be kept in mind in male patients with acute abdomen.

Recent Advances in New Discovered Molecular Targets in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chieffi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Solid Malignancy ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
New Biomarkers

Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common solid malignancy occurring in young men between 20 and 34 years of age, and its incidence has increased significantly over the last decades. TGCTs can be subdivided into seminoma and nonseminoma germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), which includes yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, and teratoma. Seminomas and NSGCTs present significant differences in therapy, prognosis, and both show characteristics of the Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs). Methods: I undertook a search of bibliographic data from peer-reviewed research literature. Results: Seventy papers were included in the mini-review showing that a large number of new biomarkers have given further advantages to discriminate the different histotypes and could represent useful novel molecular targets for anticancer strategies. Conclusion: A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of TGCTs is likely to significantly improve not only our knowledge on stem cells and oncogenesis but also the disease management with more selective tumor treatment.

scholarly journals A rare case of mixed germ cell tumor in a teenage girl: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2663
Author(s):  
Faraz S. Vali ◽  
Amit Kyal ◽  
Parul I. Chaudhary ◽  
Sujatha Das ◽  
Aprateem Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Mixed Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Alpha Feto Protein

Germ cell tumors represent only 20% to 25% of all benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Mixed germ cell tumors are a rare variety of non–dysgerminomatous germ cell tumors. They contain two or more elements; the most frequent combination being a dysgerminoma and an EST (Endodermal Sinus Tumor). We present a case of malignant mixed germ cell tumor comprising of yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma. A 13-year-old girl presented with a huge 25 x 18 cm mass in abdomen with raised values of CA-125, hCG, AFP (alpha-feto protein) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). She underwent laparotomy followed by unilateral salpingoopherectomy and infracolic omentectomy. Histopathology report revealed malignant mixed germ cell tumor comprising predominantly of EST with elements of embryonal carcinoma and non-gestational choriocarcinoma. Following surgery, she was started on adjuvant chemotherapy (Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin regimen). Mixed germ cell tumor (YST/EST, non-gestational choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma) is a very rare tumor. Careful initial surgery with adequate staging biopsies followed by combination chemotherapy can greatly improve the prognosis of these patients

scholarly journals A Huge Dermoid Cyst in Postmenopausal Women with Third Degree Uterine Prolapse

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Anuradha Kakani ◽  
Indradeep Bannerjee
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dermoid Cyst ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors

ABSTRACT Germ cell tumors are derived from primordial germ cells of the ovary. Approximately 25 to 30% of all ovarian tumors are of germ cell origin and of these, 95% are benign and only 3 to 4% are malignant. They are seen mostly in women in their second and third decades of life and very rarely in postmenopausal women. There are many reported cases of ovarian tumor in postmenopausal women but a huge dermoid cyst in postmenopausal women causing prolapse uterus is very rare. Here, we are presenting a rare case of large dermoid cyst in a 58-year-old postmenopausal multiparous woman with third degree uterine prolapse. How to cite this article Kakani A, Bannerjee I, Shrivastava D. A Huge Dermoid Cyst in Postmenopausal Women with Third Degree Uterine Prolapse. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(1):43-44.

scholarly journals PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling Pathways in Germ Cell Development and Their Involvement in Germ Cell Tumors and Ovarian Dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9838
Author(s):  
Massimo De Felici ◽  
Francesca Gioia Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Germ Cell Development

Several studies indicate that the PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathways are critical regulators of ovarian function including the formation of the germ cell precursors, termed primordial germ cells, and the follicular pool maintenance. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the functional role of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathways during primordial germ cell development and the dynamics of the ovarian primordial follicle reserve and how dysregulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to the development of some types of germ cell tumors and ovarian dysfunctions.

scholarly journals The distribution and behavior of extragonadal primordial germ cells in Bax mutant mice suggest a novel origin for sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Runyan ◽  
Ying Gu ◽  
Amanda Shoemaker ◽  
Leendert Looijenga ◽  
Christopher Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
And Behavior

Germ Cell Tumors: Looking to the Future

2015 ◽  
pp. e253-e258
Author(s):  
George J. Bosl
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Late Relapse ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Near Term

Our knowledge about the management of men with germ cell tumors (GCTs) and its tumor biology continues to evolve. Vascular disease, metabolic syndrome, second malignant neoplasms, and hypogonadism occur after treatment for GCTs and the latency pattern resembles that seen in patients treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients receiving treatment for GCTs should be informed not only of the near-term toxicity (experienced during or shortly after administration), but also the delayed and late effects of chemotherapy and the need for lifelong surveillance for all late outcomes, including late relapse. Recent data suggest that the treatment outcome of patients with intermediate-risk, poor-risk, and relapsed GCTs can be improved through multicenter trials that include the general oncology community. Finally, GCTs are a malignancy of primordial germ cells. Programmed differentiation is clinically evident in vivo and probably related to chemotherapy resistance. This biology has much clinical relevance, some of which is already in use.

Elevated risk of second malignant neoplasms in pediatric germ cell tumor patients.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10010-10010
Author(s):  
Maria Clarissa de Faria Soares Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo ◽  
Karina Braga Ribeiro ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Treatment Type

10010 Background: The probability of cure is very high for children with germ cell tumors (GCT), but late effects from cisplatinum can be quite significant. In addition to the immediate effects of oto-, neuro and nephrotoxicity, data from men treated for testicular cancer shows that the rate of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) is doubled and that a man treated before age 20 has a 50% chance of SMN by age 75. This study was designed to assess the risk of SMN among individuals treated for malignant GCT during childhood. Methods: We included all patients 0-19 years old with a primary diagnosis of malignant GCT registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) in the period 1973-2008. We analyzed tumors occurring at least 12 months after the first primary. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEER Stat, version 8.0.1. Results: The cohort comprised 1997 patients (798 women and 1,199 men); 86.3% had primary gonadal tumors (91% in men and 79.5% in women). The median age at diagnosis of the primary malignancy was 17 years (17 for males ; 15 for females), and for second malignancies was 27 (27 for males; 30 for females). Fifty eight SMNs were observed (21 in females; 37 in males). Among women, higher risk was observed to developing breast cancer (n=5; SIR=1.29; 95% CI= 0.42-3.02), thyroid cancer (n=5; SIR= 3.40; 95% CI= 1.1-7.93) and brain cancer (n=3; SIR= 9.19; 95% CI=1.89-26.85). Twenty-seven out of 37 second primary tumors observed in men were contralateral testicular tumors, conferring a 16.2 fold higher risk of developing this neoplasm (95% CI= 10.67-23.58). When the analysis excluded testis as a second site, a higher risk was noted for the development of pancreatic cancer (SIR=19.06; 95% CI=2.31-68.83) and leukemia (SIR=3.55; 95% CI=0.43-12.81). Conclusions: Rates of SMN are elevated in both men and women treated as children for pediatric germ cell tumors. Men need to be made aware of risk in contralateral testicle. The rates of SMN may continue to rise with longer follow up. The attribution of treatment type to risk of SMNs is not possible due to the lack of this information in SEER database.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Fertility Sparing Surgery ◽  
Fertility Sparing ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumour

Background: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours are rare group of ovarian neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells of the ovary. Objective of present study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment in malignant germ cell tumours.Methods: 21 Patients of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours registered at Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai for the period from January 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed for treatment outcomes.Results: The median age at presentation was 21 years with age range between 14 and 40 years. 9patients (43%) presented with mixed germ cell tumour, 6 patients (29%) with dysgerminoma, 3 patients (14%) with yolk sac tumour and 3 patients (14%)with mature cystic teratoma. 13 patients (62%) presented with Stage I disease, 5 patients (24%) with Stage III and 3 patients (14%) with Stage II. Fertility sparing surgery was done in 15 patients (71%), and 4 patients (19%) who completed family had TAH with BSO done. Adjuvant Chemotherapy was given for 16 patients (76%) and as Neoadjuvant in 2patients (10%) who had biopsy alone performed. 4patients (19%) developed recurrence and was taken for salvage PVI chemotherapy.Conclusions: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours are relatively uncommon neoplasms characterized by high chemo sensitivity. This study confirms that malignant ovarian germ cell tumours have excellent prognosis and the effectiveness of BEP chemotherapy regimen. Fertility sparing surgery is feasible in most cases. Advanced Stage configured as an important risk factor for survival. The chemotherapy regimen was associated with significant but manageable toxicity.

scholarly journals Pure primary non gestational choriocarcinoma ovary – diagnostic dilemma and treatment intricacy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Soni ◽  
Nupur Bansal ◽  
A. K. Dhull ◽  
Vivek Kaushal ◽  
A. K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Single Agent Chemotherapy

Introduction: Germ cell tumors of the ovary include all neoplasm derived from primordial germ cells of the embryonal gonad. Five percent of germ cell tumors are malignant, representing three to five per cent of all ovarian carcinomas of which pure primary non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma accounts for less than one per cent of ovarian tumors. Primary choriocarcinoma of ovary could be gestational or nongestational in origin. They pose diagnostic challenges in reproductive age group patients because of elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Non-gestational choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is resistant to single agent chemotherapy, requiring more aggressive combination chemotherapy post surgery. Due to the rarity of the disease, this article reviews the treatment protocol for NGCO. Methods: All the articles related to choriocarcinoma of ovary at Pubmed, Google scholarly article and Scopus were assessed and reviewed and their references were also reviewed and included in this article. Discussion: Clinical diagnosis of NGCO is often challenging because the clinical symptoms are often nonspecific and can mimic other, more common conditions that occur in young women, such as a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst, tuboovarian abscess, ovarian torsion, and ectopic pregnancy. The symptoms of vaginal bleeding, elevated hCG level, pelvic pain, and an adnexal mass often lead to incorrect diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, threatened or incomplete abortion, cervical polyp, or other types of malignancy. Non-gestational choriocarcinomas have been found to be resistant to single agent chemotherapy, have a worse prognosis, and therefore require aggressive combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy with the EMA (etoposide 100mg/m2, methotrexate 100mg/m2, actinomycin-D 0.5mg) regimen may be given, for six to nine courses at seven days interval. Studies suggest that the disease responds well to the combination of surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. However, long term effects of such therapy should be further studied with more cases. Conclusion: Because of the small number of patients with pure ovarian choriocarcinoma, a consensus on the treatment regimen including surgery and chemotherapy is lacking. Surgery with adjuvant combination chemotherapy is the standard treatment of choice.

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