ON THE LITHOFLUID AHD THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM IN GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY

The researcher’s approaches to the term “fluid systems” as a prototype of the fluid medium of crystallization of minerals, naturally preserved relics – inclusions of fluids reflect the features of the fluid regime of mineralogenesis of rock-ore complexes are analyzed. It is emphasized that the term “fluid” characterizes the main property of the substance of the medium of mineralogenesis, the most important substance of the Earth’s crust, its highest mobility, the maximum disorder of structure, fluidity, and covers the liquid or gas state of the lightweight components (gas, aqueous solution), as well as the melt of magmatic (silicate, salt, carbonate) substance. Under the fluid regime, the author understands the physical and chemical nature, the spatial-temporal sequence of manifestation and the variability of the parametric characteristics of the fluids, that is, the entire set of physico-chemical and geological phenomena and processes that determine the regular (discrete, periodic, evolutionary) changes in aggregate state, PT-parameters and the composition of the fluid medium of crystallization of minerals and their identified (certain, specific) parageneses. Our long-term studies show that the physico-chemical system of the fluid medium of mineral-ore-narhtidgenesis should cover lithoid (rocky), fluid (genetic) and thermodynamic (temperature, pressure, concentration) components that determine the mass, heat and the energy exchange between the fluid and of its host rock. In view of this, we define this physico-chemical system as a “lithofluid and thermodynamic system” and we believe that this definition takes into account all known phenomena of generation, migration, differentiation and accumulation of fluids, in particular hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon-containing), in the lithosphere of the Earth. An example of such a lithofluid and thermodynamic system in the Earth’s bowels – the natural high-energy physicochemical reactor is the hydrocarbon-generating and mineral-ore-forming system of the deep abiogenic high-termobaric fluid.

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The Cell as a Physico-chemical System

General Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-28641-8_3 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

A. J. Clark

Keyword(s):

Chemical System ◽

Physico Chemical

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The Cell as a Physico-chemical System

General Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-32922-1_3 ◽

1937 ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

A. J. Clark

Keyword(s):

Chemical System ◽

Physico Chemical

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III. THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL SYSTEM

Pareto's General Sociology ◽

10.4159/harvard.9780674493155.c2 ◽

1935 ◽

pp. 10-15

Keyword(s):

Chemical System ◽

Physico Chemical

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A Physico/Chemical System for Hygiene Waste Water Recovery

10.4271/932076 ◽

1993 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. M. Samsonov ◽

N. S. Farafonov ◽

L. H. Abramov ◽

S. S. Bocharov ◽

N. N. Protasov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Chemical System ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Physico Chemical

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Master Program in Physical Cardiochemistry

Cardiology and Angiology An International Journal ◽

10.9734/ca/2020/v9i430144 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Anaclet B. Kunyima ◽

Séraphin N. Lusamba ◽

Papy K. Kunyima

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Cardiac Muscle ◽

General Circulation ◽

Thermodynamic System ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Master Program ◽

Energy Quantization ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Scientific World ◽

Circulation Distribution

Background: The heart acting analysis leads to necessity of total energy quantization needful for its life from the cellular metabolism (Keith Flack node). This energy is mainly distributed to make possible the cardiac muscle acting (Electrocardiogram) and to circulate the blood in aorta to be ultimately poured out the small circulation in upstream of general circulation, distribution obeying Lusamba diagram. A model has been elaborated to choose a thermodynamic system (KUNYIMA Chart) on which the needful energy of blood flow has been assessed. It stays to quantify the vital energy for the electrification of cardiac muscle (ECG) in order to have a definitive idea on total energy from Keith Flack node. Each heart failure demands energetic knowledge of Keith Flack node and the energetic repartition of ventricles shrinkages. Aim and Objective: Presentation master program in cardiochemistry (new discipline) and Lusamba diagram to scientific world. Methodology: Observation, documentary research and calculations have been used. Results: Physico-chemical and thermoexergetic grounds of heart acting have been published elsewhere and allowed thus to conceive this program. Conclusion: Physical Cardiochemistry (PCC) is therefore a set of physico-chemical and thermoexergetic grounds of heart acting. It backs up the bio-medical sciences and helps in one sense to the comprehension of certain energetic phenomena occurring in the cardiac system. Therefore, this large knowledge will help physicians to efficient prescriptions for an effective energetic and appropriate supplying. It is supposed evidently that future cardiac healing will essentially be energetic.

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ENZYMATIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT

World Science ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30062021/7611 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nancey Hafez

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

High Energy ◽

Enzymatic Reactions ◽

Biological Interactions ◽

Physico Chemical

Enzymes are biocatalysts provided by cells and are used in most metabolic methods. Most enzymes are consisting of proteins containing tertiary amino acid which bind to co enzyme or metal ions. Enzymes are accelerating biochemical processes by some mechanisms to chemical catalysts e.g metals, metal oxides and metal ions. Enzymes can be very effective under conditions e.g (temperature, atmospheric pressure and PH). Many enzymes have hydrolyzing, oxidizing and reducing characters. Enzymatic reactions always provide less side effects reactions and fewer waste by products. That is why microbial Enzymes can give an effective and environmental safe alternatives as metabolic inorganic chemical catalysts which can be used in all over pharmaceutical industrial processes. Enzymes are used in waste water treatment. Treatment technologies depend on physico-chemical approaches in wastewater treatment plants which require skills, high operation costs (in terms of high energy and chemical demand). Wastewater treatment is operated to protect the quality of limited freshwater resources, which are most times the final discharge points of effluents, and also, to promote the reusability of expended clean water; amounts of hazardous aromatic byproducts are still generated [3, 4]. The observation shows that wastewater treatment plants, though liable to remove microcontaminants such as heavy metals, and to a far lesser extent, aromatic contaminants, were originally structured for the removal of solid wastes, ecofriendly organic matter and eutrophication stimulants from wastewater, thereby reducing eutrophicating pollution loads; the micropollutants may only be moderately affected by the chemical, physical and biological interactions within the treatment plants.

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The formation of (Ni-Co-Sb)-Ag-As ore shoots in hydrothermal galena-sphalerite-fluorite veins

Mineralium Deposita ◽

10.1007/s00126-021-01059-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Scharrer ◽

Tatjana Epp ◽

Benjamin Walter ◽

Katharina Pfaff ◽

Torsten Vennemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shoot Formation ◽

Elemental Content ◽

Fluid Composition ◽

Composition Formation ◽

Fluid Systems ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Major Vein ◽

Hydrothermal Remobilization ◽

Host Rocks ◽

Binary Mixing

AbstractUnusual hydrothermal native As-sulfide ± native Ag ± arsenide ± antimonide ± sulfosalt ore shoots and their co-genetic sulfide-fluorite-barite-quartz host veins, which are common in the region and in whole Central Europe, were investigated at three localities in the Schwarzwald, SW Germany, to understand the physico-chemical processes governing the change from a normal (= common) hydrothermal to an exceptional ore shoot regime. Based on fluid inclusions, the formation of the gangue minerals is the result of binary mixing between a NaCl-rich brine and a CaCl2-rich brine (both ~ 20 wt% NaCl aq.). This mixing correlation, major and minor fluid composition, formation temperature (~ 150 °C), and δ34S signature are identical (within error) in ore shoots and host veins. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that ore shoot formation must have resulted from a change in redox conditions by a local influx of a volumetrically minor reducing agent, probably hydrocarbons. The elemental content and the mineralogy of each ore shoot locality (Ag-As-rich: Münstertal; Ag–Ni-As-rich: Urberg; Ag–Ni-As-Sb-rich: Wieden) reflect the metal content of the binary mixed fluid, while mineral textures, successions, and assemblages are thermodynamically and, regarding sulfur, kinetically controlled. The formation of vein and ore shoot sulfides requires an addition of sulfide, most probably from the sulfide-bearing host rocks, because thermodynamic and kinetic reasons suggest that the two major vein-forming and metal-bearing fluids are not the source of the sulfur. The final ore shoot textures are influenced by later hydrothermal remobilization processes of As and Ag. This results in a number of sulfosalts, mostly proustite-pyrargyrite. Interestingly, the greater thermodynamic stability of Sb-endmember sulfosalts enables them to form even in As-dominated fluid systems.

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