scholarly journals ENZYMATIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancey Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical

Enzymes are biocatalysts provided by cells and are used in most metabolic methods. Most enzymes are consisting of proteins containing tertiary amino acid which bind to co enzyme or metal ions. Enzymes are accelerating biochemical processes by some mechanisms to chemical catalysts e.g metals, metal oxides and metal ions. Enzymes can be very effective under conditions e.g (temperature, atmospheric pressure and PH). Many enzymes have hydrolyzing, oxidizing and reducing characters. Enzymatic reactions always provide less side effects reactions and fewer waste by products. That is why microbial Enzymes can give an effective and environmental safe alternatives as metabolic inorganic chemical catalysts which can be used in all over pharmaceutical industrial processes. Enzymes are used in waste water treatment. Treatment technologies depend on physico-chemical approaches in wastewater treatment plants which require skills, high operation costs (in terms of high energy and chemical demand). Wastewater treatment is operated to protect the quality of limited freshwater resources, which are most times the final discharge points of effluents, and also, to promote the reusability of expended clean water; amounts of hazardous aromatic byproducts are still generated [3, 4]. The observation shows that wastewater treatment plants, though liable to remove microcontaminants such as heavy metals, and to a far lesser extent, aromatic contaminants, were originally structured for the removal of solid wastes, ecofriendly organic matter and eutrophication stimulants from wastewater, thereby reducing eutrophicating pollution loads; the micropollutants may only be moderately affected by the chemical, physical and biological interactions within the treatment plants.

The Experience and the Results of Operating Small Wastewater Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Mitja Rismal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Rotating Discs ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

About 15 years of experience gained from operating 7 small waste water treatment plants between 150-500 p.e. and 6 plants of 2000-3000 p.e. capacity are described. All of the plants involved are low-loaded activated sludge plants with water jet aeration generated by screw or propeller pumps which both proved to be efficient in aeration while secure and simple in operation. In comparison with other types of small treatment plants in our country (rotating discs and bubble aeration activated sludge plants), they proved to be reliable and simple in operation and produce an effluent of good quality. The energy consumption and the necessary flow velocites in aeration tanks are computed and measured.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EXERGY ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. H. Mora ◽  
S. De Oliveira Jr
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

This work evaluates the environmental impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) based on data generated by the exergy analysis, calculating and applying environmental impact indexes for two WTP located in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. The environmental impact of the waste water treatment plants was done by means of evaluating two environmental impact exergy based indexes: the environmental exergy efficiency (ηenv,exerg) and the total pollution rate (Rpol,t). The environmental exergy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the exergy of the useful effect of the WTP to the total exergy consumed by human and natural resources, including all the exergy inputs. That relation is an indication of the theoretical potential of future improvements of the process. Besides the environmental exergy efficiency, it is also used the total pollution rate, based on the definition done by Makarytchev (1997), as the ratio of the destroyed exergy associated to the process wastes to the exergy of the useful effect of the process. The analysis of the results shows that this method can be used to quantify and also optimise the environmental performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants.

Wastewater treatment and biomedical applications of montmorillonite based nanocomposites: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida-Tun-Nisa Chisti ◽  
Inamuddin ◽  
Tauseef Ahmad Rangreez ◽  
Aabid Hussain Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Background: Rapid industrialisation, population growth and technological race worldwide have brought adverse consequences on water resources and as a result affect human health. Toxic metal ions, non-biodegradable dyes, organic pollutants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals are among the chief hazardous materials released into the water bodies from various sources. These hazardous contaminants drastically affect the flora and fauna globally leading to health deterioration there by giving rise to new biomedical challenges. Hypothesis: Montmorillonite based nanocomposites (MMTCs) have drawn an attention of the researchers to design environmental friendly, advanced and hygienic nanocomposites for wastewater treatment and biomedical purposes. Montmorillonite clay possesses peculiar physical and chemical properties that include enhanced surface reactivity, improved rheological performance, exorbitant miscibility in water due to which it shows highly favourable interactions with polymers, drugs, metals, mixed metals and metal oxides leading to the fabrication of different types of advanced montmorillonite based nanocomposites that have remarkable applications Methodology: Here we review the structural characteristics of montmorillonite clay, advances in the synthetic techniques involved in the fabrication of montmorillonite nanocomposites, their applications in waste water treatment and in bio medical field. The recently developed montmorillonite nanocomposites for (1) waste water treatment as nano-adsorbents for the elimination of toxic inorganic species such as metal ions and heterogeneous photo-catalysts for photo degradation of dyes, pesticides and pharmaceuticals (2) biomedical utilization viz drug delivery, wound amelioration, bone cement, tissue engineering etc. are presented Conclusion: The review exclusively focuses on recent research on montmorillonite based nanocomposites and their application in wastewater treatment and in biomedical field

Water reuse for irrigation from waste water treatment plants with seasonal varied operation modes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cornel ◽  
B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants

Irrigation periods are usually limited to vegetation periods. The quality requirements for treated wastewater for disposal and for reuse are different. The reuse of water for irrigation allows partly the reuse of the wastewater's nutrients (N and P). Outside the irrigation period the water must be treated for disposal, thus nutrient removal is often required in order to avoid detrimental effects on the receiving surface water body. Only wastewater treatment plants with different operation modes for different seasons can realise these requirements. The nitrification is the most sensitive biological process in the aerobic wastewater treatment process. At low water temperatures the nitrifying bacteria need several weeks to re-start full nitrification after periods without NH4-removal. Therefore it is necessary to develop options for waste water treatment plants which allow a fast re-start of the nitrification process. Based on theoretical considerations and computer simulations of the activated sludge treatment process, one possibility for implementing a wastewater treatment plant with different seasonal operation modes is evaluated.

Research Progress in Removing Heavy Metals from Waste Water via Bio-Sorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Sorption Method

Bio-absorption has an unparalleled advantage over other traditional methods in removing and recycling heavy metal ions from waste water. Consequently, it has a promising future. In this paper, the traditional methods and the bio-sorption method via which heavy metals are removed from waste water are compared to summarize the mechanism of bio-sorption, the types of bio-sorbent, the factors that can influence bio-sorption and the state of its application in waste water treatment .

scholarly journals Efficiency of application of the microbiological method of waste water treatment to remove hexamethylendiamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Valeriia Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Alina Dychko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Nutrition Source

Wastewater contaminated with hexamethylenediamine (HMD), which is discharged into natural reservoirs, causes damage and loss of hydrobionts, worsens the quality of water which becomes unsuitable for use. For wastewater treatment from HMD, the possibility of applying bacterial cultures-destructors which use the HMD as a nutrition source is considered.

scholarly journals APLIKASI MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR) UNTUK PROSES DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taty Hernaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Recycled Waste

The population is growing rapidly result to increased demand for drinking water while the other side of this situation causes to the increasing amount of wastewater. Waste water treatment plant has been built in several major cities in Indonesia to overcome the problem of pollution.  Wastewater treatment plant only treats wastewater to tackle environmental pollution without being able to overcome the shortage of clean water community. Therefore, to solve the existing problems will be considered any further processing with recycled waste water treatment. One technology that may be developed for this purpose is the system of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). This has been widely applied as an advanced unit of wastewater treatment and serves as a unit of processing recycled waste water. The MBR system has advantages such as: it only takes a little bit of land, can treat wastewater with discharge varying quality and process wastewater with high pollutant removal efficiency. MBR were investigated using a membrane filter submerged in the reactor. Membrane module is hollow fiber with a form of polymeric membrane materials. Research has been done on wastewater treatment with a combination of conventional WWTP as preliminary and advanced processing unit with MBR since March 4, 2014 until June 2014. The effluent quality  of result research proved that  the treated water quality meets  water quality standards are set with  Permenkes RI N0.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990, dated 3 September 1990. The nitrification and denitrification also proceed well so that the concentration of nitrite and nitrate meet the quality standards. In addition, the percentage removal of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, selenium, lead) can reach 99%. Keywords: MBR, wastewater reuse, BOD5, COD, HRT dan SRT

Key tools to accelerate fulfilment of the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive in the Flemish region of Belgium

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ockier ◽  
C. Thoeye ◽  
G. De Gueldre
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Investment Programme ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Eu

The EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) has been transposed in 1992. The whole area of the Flemish region was designated as a sensitive area. This implies nutrient removal for all works in agglomerations of more than 10,000 population equivalent (PE). Thanks to an accelerated investment programme, which is in a final phase now, the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will fulfil treatment in 2005. Key tools for a quick and economic execution of the programme are standardisation for new WWTP's and increasing computerisation for retrofitting existing WWTPs. The UWWTD also stipulates the reuse of treated wastewater and sludge. Strategies are explained.

Adaptation of the simpletreat chemical fate model to single-sludge biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boeije ◽  
D. Schowanek ◽  
P. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Chemical Fate ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Recent Developments

Many recent developments in municipal waste water treatment technology are directed towards biological nutrient removal. Chemical fate models which are used to predict the behavior of individual chemicals in waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), have until now not incorporated this aspect. In this paper, two modifications to the steady-state non-equilibrium Simple Treat modeling concept are presented. These focus on an improved description of sludge recycling, and on the presence of different redox zones in the biological reactor (aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic). The updated models were applied to three different WWTP designs, and simulation results were compared to measured values for the surfactant LAS.

scholarly journals Size dependence of silver nanoparticle removal in a wastewater treatment plant mesocosm measured by FAST single particle ICP-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Tuoriniemi ◽  
Monika D. Jürgens ◽  
Martin Hassellöv ◽  
Geert Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Icp Ms

The quantities of engineered nanoparticles (NP) released to the environment are often influenced by their fate in waste water treatment plants (WWTP).

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