scholarly journals Feeding guilds of the avifauna of District Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir State

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Tsewang Motup ◽  
D. N. Sahi
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Bird Census ◽  
Point Transect ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Arid Desert

A survey of the avifauna of district Kargil was carried out using a combination of Line Transect method and Point Transect method to record the avifaunal diversity and their feeding guilds. The bird census was carried out from April 2010 to April 2012. The study area lies between 340 15' to 340 47' 30'' North latitudes and 75? 45' to 76? 3' East longitudes. The area constitutes a part of the Trans-Himalayas in Jammu And Kashmir State. The area is comprised of high rocky mountains with snow bound peaks and arid desert devoid of natural vegetation. The altitudinal range of the area varies between 2430m to 4192m above msl. The study revealed 102 species of birds. Six major feeding categories were considered viz. insectivorous, carnivorous, grainivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and herbivorous. The highest number of bird species was observed to utilize more than one feeding guild followed by insectivorous, carnivorous, grainivorous and omnivorous bird species. Feeding guild of 1 species i.e., Black-crowned Night Hereon was not recorded during the study.

scholarly journals Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Turtle Dove

The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.

scholarly journals Diversity and structure of avian communities in extensive lowland pine forests in relation to the distance from the forest edge

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Area Effect ◽  
Field Edge

Most studies on edge effect are related to the forest-field edge, i.e. to the ecotone. However, there is a lack of studies attempting to investigate the effect of the distance from the forest/field edge on the avian communities in large continuous forests. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue. The study area comprised a continuous coniferous forest, the so called Niemodlin Forest, situated in Opole Silesia, SW Poland. The line transect method has been employed in this study. In total, 54 breeding bird species were recorded. On particular 0.5 km section, the numbers varied from 34 to 48. Both the number of species and number of breeding pairs only slightly decreased with the distance from the forest/field edge. Overall, the differences between the mean densities of breeding species on 10 sections were not statistically significant. The Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs was by far the most numerous bird species, recorded as eudominant in 164 out of 165 sections. The Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, Willow Warbler Phyloscopus trochilus and Blackap Sylvia atricapilla were dominants in all 10 sections, while the Blackbird Turdus merula dominated in nine (90%) and the Robin Erithacus rubecula in eight (80%) sections. The communal dominance slightly increased, but the number of dominant species and Pielou’s Evenness Index remained stable with the increase of the distance from the forest/field edge. While Shannon’s Diversity Index remained constant, Simpson’s Diversity Index decreased markedly with the increase in distance from the forest/field edge. The proportion of long-distance migrants slightly decreased, while that of short-distance migrants and residents remained constant with the increase in the distance from the forest/field edge. Strikingly, no such changes in the proportion of all feeding guilds were shown. More than half of all breeding bird species show a negative correlation between population density and the distance from the forest/field edge. The dominance of some species decreased with the increase of the distance from the forest/field edge: Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Starling Sturnus vulgaris, Blue Tit Parusa caeruleus, Raven Corvus corax, Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus, and Wood Lark Lullula arborea. With the exception of the Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, the clearcuts in this study, not only failed to increase, but most probably caused a decrease in the number of both species and individuals. It is because clearing not only creates edges, but also causes loss of forest habitat and often results in forest fragmentation. Edge and area effect may in fact interact, in such way that the edge effect may drive out the area effect, causing the increase.

scholarly journals Komposisi Jenis dan Populasi Burung Cendrawasih di Kampung Malagufuk Distrik Klayili Kabupaten Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
MAYA PATTIWAEL ◽  
AMATUS TUROT
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Papua Barat

One of the animals that are easy to find is a bird. Based on data about the increase in the number of bird species, it can be ascertained that these animals can be found in every region in Indonesia, with diverse species and even species that are endemic to a certain area. West Papua is one of the regions in Indonesia which is rich in various species of birds, including Cendrawasih which can also be found in the Natural Forest of Malagufuk Village, Klayili District, Sorong Regency. Based on information from the surrounding community, several types of Cendrawasih are often seen in the natural forests of Malagufuk Village, but their diversity and population are not known with certainty. This study aims to determine the diversity of species and population of Cendrawasih birds in the natural forest of Malagufuk Village, Klayili District, Sorong Regency, West Papua. Thus, the results of this study are expected to be a source of data in the context of preserving and protecting the existing Cendrawasih species. Data collection on the species composition and population of Cendrawasih was carried out using the Line Transect method by making 10 observation lines with a line length of 500 m each and a distance between lines of 100 m. The results showed that there were found 3 spesies of Cendrawasih with estimated populations and densities as follows: Cendrawasih Kuning Kecil (Paradisaea minor) had an estimated population of 7.48 individuals with a density of 2.93 individuals / ha; Cendrawasih Raja (Cicinnurus regius) has an estimated population of 5 individuals with a density of 1.67 individuals / ha; and Toowa Cemerlang (Ptiloris magnificus) had an estimated population of 2.22 individuals with a density of 0.74 individuals / ha. When the research was carried out, it was seen that the three types of Cendrawasih used several types of trees as places for activities (playing or dancing), namely Matoa (Pometia coreacea), Merbau (Intsia bijuga), Damar (Agathis dammara). Beringin (Ficus benjamina), and Pala hutan (Myristica sp) with tree heights above 20 m.

scholarly journals On the high bird diversity in the non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District in Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19274-19292
Author(s):  
Lam Norbu ◽  
Phuntsho Thinley ◽  
Tandin Wangchuck ◽  
Ugyen Dechen ◽  
Lekey Dorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Baseline Information

Birds are ecological indicators of ecosystem health. Baseline information on bird diversity are, therefore, important for ecological monitoring. Such information is, however, sorely lacking for many areas outside the protected areas. Here, we explore the avian diversity and present a comprehensive checklist for the non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District in northeastern Bhutan. We also categorise the bird species by their residency pattern, feeding guilds, abundance, and IUCN Red List status. We conducted an avifauna exploration for a period of four years from 2017 to 2020, mostly through opportunistic encounters coinciding with regular field visits. We recorded a total of 273 bird species belonging to 173 genera, 69 families and 19 orders. Passeriformes was the most dominant order with 41 families and 174 species and Muscicapidae was the most dominant family with 12 genera and 32 species. Most birds were altitudinal migrants (39%), insectivorous (45%), and occasional (44%) in terms of residency pattern, feeding guild, and abundance, respectively. Only one species (Ardea insignis) was listed as Critically Endangered and one (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) as Endangered. Our study identified the non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District as an important bird diversity area in Bhutan. 

scholarly journals Seabirds At-Sea Surveys: The Line-Transect Method Outperforms the Point-Transect Alternative

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Bolduc ◽  
David A. Fifield
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Point Transect ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Seabirds At Sea

Introduction:Knowledge of seasonal distribution and abundance of species is paramount in identifying key areas. Field data collection and analysis must provide best information concerning seabirds at-sea to optimize conservation efforts.Methods:We tested whether modeling of detection probabilities, and density estimates with their coefficients of variation obtained from the point-transect method provided more robust and precise results than the more commonly used line-transect method. We subdivided our data by species groups (alcids, and aerialist species), and into two behavior categories (flyingvs.swimming). We also computed density estimates from the strip-transect and point count methods, to relate differences between transect methods to their counterparts that do not consider a decreasing probability of detection with distance from the observer. We used data collected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence between 2009 and 2010 when observers simultaneously conducted line- and point-transect sampling.Results:Models of detection probability using the line-transect method had a good fit to the observed data, whereas detection probability histograms of point-transect analyses suggested substantial evasive movements within the 0-50 m interval. This resulted in point-transect detection probability models displaying poor goodness of fit. Line transects yielded density estimates 1.2-2.6 times higher than those obtained using the point-transect method. Differences in percent coefficients of variation between line-transect and point-transect density estimates ranged between 0.2 and 5.9.Conclusion:Using 300 m wide line-transects provided the best results, while other methods could lead to biased conclusions regarding species density in the local landscape and the relative composition of seabird communities among species and behavior groups.

scholarly journals Structurally complex farms support high avian functional diversity in tropical montane Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Gove ◽  
Kristoffer Hylander ◽  
Sileshi Nemomissa ◽  
Anteneh Shimelis ◽  
Woldeyohannes Enkossa
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Agricultural Habitat ◽  
Regional Species Pool

Abstract:Of all feeding guilds, understorey insectivores are thought to be most sensitive to disturbance and forest conversion. We compared the composition of bird feeding guilds in tropical forest fragments with adjacent agro-ecosystems in a montane region of south-west Ethiopia. We used a series of point counts to survey birds in 19 agriculture and 19 forest sites and recorded tree species within each farm across an area of 40 × 35 km. Insectivores (~17 spp. per plot), frugivores (~3 spp. per plot) and omnivores (~5 spp. per plot) maintained species density across habitats, while granivores and nectarivores increased in the agricultural sites by factors of 7 and 3 respectively. Species accumulation curves of each guild were equal or steeper in agriculture, suggesting that agricultural and forest landscapes were equally heterogeneous for all bird guilds. Counter to most published studies, we found no decline in insectivore species richness with forest conversion. However, species composition differed between the two habitats, with certain forest specialists replaced by other species within each feeding guild. We suggest that the lack of difference in insectivorous species numbers between forest and agriculture in this region is due to the benign nature of the agricultural habitat, but also due to a regional species pool which contains many bird species which are adapted to open habitats.

scholarly journals Diversity of Birds in Ousteri Wetland, Puducherry, India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Padmavathy ◽  
R. Alexandar ◽  
M. Anbarashan
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wetland Birds ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Line Transect Method

Wetlands are very fragile and constitute treasure of biodiversity. The avifaunal diversity in Ousteri freshwater wetland, Puducherry, India, was studied to form a baseline data about several local and migratory bird species of this wetland. Birds are surveyed by direct sighting, calls and variable width line-transect method was carried out in December, 2009 to January, 2010. It resulted in total of 109 species of both migratory and local birds. Such unique diverse systems are under threats like reduction in water retention in this pond in summer, weed infestation; variations in food availability in different seasons, hunting, poaching and threat of predation on the breeding activity of birds affected the avifauna diversity in the study area.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4335

scholarly journals Assessing the bird guild patterns in heterogeneous land use types around Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Sohil ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir

Abstract Land-use sprawl in the Himalayas has caused the conversion of natural habitat into human-modified habitats, thus degrading ecosystem health. Adaptation of birds to changing physical environment can be well understood by analyzing their habitat preferences, and foraging dynamics explored to a limited extent in the Himalayan region, as yet. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of avian guild structure, we used multivariate statistical techniques to classify bird species according to their similarities in foraging patterns and habitat preferences. Observations based on habitat and diet affinities accounted for rich avian diversity with a total of 208 bird species (about 15% of country’s avifauna) recorded from six different sites during 1 year survey. Unweighted pair-group average cluster analysis performed on the families revealed ten feeding and fifteen habitat guilds among 63 bird families observed. Subtropical forests harbored more species followed by urban forests and agricultural landscapes. Insectivorous and omnivorous outnumbered other feeding guilds in the study area. Bird assemblages were richer in protected areas and semi-disturbed landscapes and did not show significant variation between the seasons. Results of the study revealed that different functional groups of birds behaved differently, primarily induced by choice of food. The site heterogeneity favored avifaunal persistence by providing favorable foraging, roosting, and nesting opportunities to birds. Composition of avian guilds indicated level of intactness and ecological integrity of ecosystems studied. This outcome thus sets the background for long-term analysis of bird-habitat relationship and their foraging dynamics. The study has the relevance for decision-makers to integrate avian guild structure as an essential ingredient in formulating conservation strategies.

scholarly journals AVIAN SPECIES COMPOSITION PROFILE AND FEEDING GUILDS UNDER THE AEROBIC RICE FIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Badrulhadza Amzah ◽  
Razali Baki ◽  
Mohd Hafizi Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Composition Profile ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Feeding Guild

Avian species composition profile and feeding guilds under the aerobic rice field. In Malaysia, the aerobic rice productionsystem is an alternative approach to growing rice in a water-scarce environment. Like irrigated rice, aerobic rice also cansustain a diversity of avian fauna. The current status of birds in the rice fields of Malaysia especially under aerobic ricecondition has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aims to document the richness, diversity and feeding guildsof bird species in aerobic rice cultivation area. Birds were sampled and recorded using four randomly set up mist net at anupscaling aerobic rice plot in Serdang, Selangor during a period of the one month starting from the milky stage of the plant (75days after emergence) until two weeks after harvest. 139 birds representing 11 species belonging to 7 families were recordedin the aerobic rice plot. The most abundant bird family observed was Estrildidae (80.58%), followed by Hirundinidae (6.47%),and Meropidae and Motacillidae (both recorded 5.04%). Scaly-breasted munia (50.36%) and white-headed munia (28.06%) arethe most abundant birds, while other types of munia such as chestnut munia and white-rumped munia are present in smallnumbers. Munias were the most observed bird species number (36.36%) and therefore can be considered as the main avianpest of aerobic rice. The diversity indices, The Shannon-Wiener Index was 1.43 while The Reciprocal Simpson Index was 2.93.The richness index (The Margalef Index) was 2.03. The Equitability Index was 0.59. In term of feeding guild, most speciesbelong to insectivore (45.45%) and granivore (36.36%) while the rest were piscivore/insectivore and granivore/insectivore.However, the granivore recorded the highest number of individuals (112 or 80.58%) compared to other guilds. Presence of arelatively high diversity of bird species with varieties of feeding guilds indicated that aerobic rice does provide an attractivehabitat or foraging site for avian fauna.

scholarly journals Structure of avian communities in lowland coniferous forests in Opole Silesia (SSW Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Abstract In Poland, forests comprise 31% of the total surface area, while the lowland coniferous forests comprise 51% of 94 000 km2 afforested areas. The line transect method was employed in 2002 and 2004 to estimate population densities and dominance of all bird species breeding in a selected fragment of such forest (eight transects with 165 sections and 77.7 km in total length). In total, 54 breeding bird species were recorded. The numbers varied between 37 and 44 on the particular transect. The number of breeding pairs per 10 ha varied on each transect from 41.0 to 93.6 (x=64.8; SD=102.22). Shannon’s diversity index varied between 1.2 and 1.4 on particular transects, while Simpson’s diversity index varied between 0.7 and 0.9. Also Pieleau’s evenness index varied slightly between 0.05 and 0.07. In overall, the differences between densities of breeding species on 8 transects were not statistically significant. The Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs was by far the most numerous bird species, recorded as eudominant in all eight transects and present in all 165 sections. The second to the Chaffinch was the Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita; also recorded in all sections and as a dominant in all transects. Three other species, namely the Blackbird Turdus merula, Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus and Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla were recorded each one in more than 90% sections (N=165), and on particular transects their dominance varied between 4 and 11%. Residents comprised 57.5% of all breeding pairs. Short-distance migrants were almost twice more common than long-distance migrants. Insectivores were by far the most numerous feeding guild represented 88.9% of all breeding pairs. Overall density, cumulative dominance, diversity and evenness were unexpectedly very similar in this study (managed forest) and in natural primeval lowland coniferous forests of Białowieża.

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