scholarly journals Description of vowel in the first grammatical work of Tamil and Arabic: A contrastive analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
D. Sundararaj
Keyword(s):  
Historical Period ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Treatment Theory ◽  
Technical Terms

Abstract Tolkāppiyam and Al-Kitāb, these two grammatical texts are belonging to two different languages Tamil and Arabic. Tamil is a Dravidian family and Arabic is a Semitic family with different writing systems (Tamil-left to right; Arabic-right to left).  These two grammatical texts are written in different historical period, Tolkāppiyam written in BC 300 and Al-Kitāb written in AD 800. Both are describes the vowels of respective language through different phonetic features. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the articulatory treatment of vowels in the perspective of first grammatical work of respective languages. The first section of the paper is evaluating the articulatory treatment, theory, classification and phonetic frameworks of vowels in respective grammars, and the second section analyzing in contrastive and describes the commonness and differences between these two texts. This section finds out the commonness in the following features: articulatory treatment, descriptive and use of technical terms etc. The differences are found in the following features: order of the description of speech sounds, method of classification of vowels etc. ---AbstrakTolkāppiyam dan Al-Kitab adalah dua teks gramatikal yang menggunakan dua bahasa yang berbeda, yakni Tamil dan Arab. Ditinjau dari aspek rumpun bahasa, Tamil merupakan keluarga bahasa Dravida, sedangkan Arab adalah keluarga bahasa Semit. Sistem penulisan kedua bahasa itu berbeda bahasa Tamil memiliki sistem penulisan dari arah kiri ke kanan; sedankgan bahasa Arab memakai sistem penulisan dari arah kanan ke kiri. Kedua teks tata bahasa itu ditulis dalam periode sejarah yang berbeda, Tolkāppiyam ditulis dalam SM 300 dan Al-Kitab yang ditulis dalam AD 800. Keduanya menunjukkan vokal bahasa masing-masing, melalui fitur fonetik yang berbeda. Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisis cara artikulasi vokal dalam perspektif  tata bahasa, bahasa itu. Bagian pertama dari tulisan ini mengevaluasi cara  artikulasi, teori, klasifikasi dan kerangka fonetik yang menunjukkan bunyi-bunyi vokal dalam tata bahasa masing-masing, dan bagian analisis kedua dilakukan tinjauan aspek kontrastif dan menggambarkan secara umum persamaan dan perbedaan antara dua teks tersebut. Pada kesempatan ini dipaparkan secara umum beberapa fitur antara lain: cara artikulasi, deskripsi dan penggunaan istilah teknis. Bertumpu kepeda beberapa fitur itu terdapat perbedaan yang ditemukan dalam fitur itu, yaknit: urutan deskripsi suara pidato, metode klasifikasi vokal dan beberapa fitur lainnya.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4808

scholarly journals Application of a modified Inception-v3 model in the dynasty-based classification of ancient murals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfang Cao ◽  
Minmin Yan ◽  
Yiming Jia ◽  
Xiaodong Tian ◽  
Zibang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Learning Rate ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Proposed Model

AbstractIt is difficult to identify the historical period in which some ancient murals were created because of damage due to artificial and/or natural factors; similarities in content, style, and color among murals; low image resolution; and other reasons. This study proposed a transfer learning-fused Inception-v3 model for dynasty-based classification. First, the model adopted Inception-v3 with frozen fully connected and softmax layers for pretraining over ImageNet. Second, the model fused Inception-v3 with transfer learning for parameter readjustment over small datasets. Third, the corresponding bottleneck files of the mural images were generated, and the deep-level features of the images were extracted. Fourth, the cross-entropy loss function was employed to calculate the loss value at each step of the training, and an algorithm for the adaptive learning rate on the stochastic gradient descent was applied to unify the learning rate. Finally, the updated softmax classifier was utilized for the dynasty-based classification of the images. On the constructed small datasets, the accuracy rate, recall rate, and F1 value of the proposed model were 88.4%, 88.36%, and 88.32%, respectively, which exhibited noticeable increases compared with those of typical deep learning models and modified convolutional neural networks. Comparisons of the classification outcomes for the mural dataset with those for other painting datasets and natural image datasets showed that the proposed model achieved stable classification outcomes with a powerful generalization capacity. The training time of the proposed model was only 0.7 s, and overfitting seldom occurred.

A new front-end for classification of non-speech sounds: a study on human whistle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar Nandwana ◽  
Hynek Bořil ◽  
John H. L. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Front End

scholarly journals State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Croatia (Croatian)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Kristina Štrkalj Despot ◽  
Lana Hudeček ◽  
Tomislav Stojanov ◽  
Nikola Ljubešić
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Insight Into

In this minireview, the state of the art of the Croatian monolingual lexicography is presented. A brief overview and classification of all existing lexicographic resources is provided in the firts part of the minireview, followed by somewhat more detailed insight into the existing Croatian monolingual dictionaries and monolingual lexicographic projects, orthography dictionaries, and dictionary writing systems used.

scholarly journals ERROR ANALYSIS IN PRONUNCIATION MADE BY THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS AT IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Marzuki Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Education ◽  
English Department ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Education Department ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
English Students

This research investigates and analyses pronunciation errors made by the students of English Education Department at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. Errors in students’ pronunciation are  crucial problems among foreign language teacher, especially English teacher. This research aims at investigating and finally finding out pronunciation errors made by the English students of S-1. The subjects of the study are the S-1 English students in academic period 2019/2020 that total 40 students who took dictation course in the third semester. The data of the study are a group of students’ pronunciation or speech sounds. Based on the description above, there are two important problems proposed in terms of kinds of pronunciation errors and causes of pronunciation errors. Of the data analysis carried out, it is found out that kinds and causes of pronunciation errors which are classified into significant and non-significant errors. There are four causes of pronunciation errors, namely (1) some differences of speech sounds between English and Indonesian; (2) the same phonetic features which have the different distribution between English and Indonesian; (3) interference of native language; and (4) lack of practices and exposures in English pronunciation.

IZAPAN WRITING: CLASSIFICATION AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Mora-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

AbstractThis paper reviews the limited evidence for the classification of the script attested at the site of Izapa. Sufficient data for assessing the nature of key formal traits exists, thanks to the more recent documentation of the sculptural corpus (Clark and Moreno 2007). After a review of the archaeological and historical linguistic context, the paper examines the history of research on the classification of the writing systems of Mesoamerica (Justeson 1986; Justeson and Mathews 1990; Justeson et al. 1985; Prem 1973), focusing on the Southeastern Tradition. Three diagnostic traits allow for a narrow assignation of Izapa's script, perhaps unsurprisingly, to the Greater Izapan or Maya-Izapa sub-tradition (Justeson and Mathews 1990; Justeson et al. 1985) of the Southeastern Tradition: the superfixed placement of the bar-and-dot numeral with respect to the day sign cartouche, positional notation for counting, and the use of day sign pedestals. Other traits include the conflation and embedding of signs. The paper concludes that the evidence is, at present, insufficient to distinguish between the two likely options, Mixe-Zoquean and Mayan. Finally, a preliminary signary is provided in the Appendix.

A contrastive analysis of some significant Portuguese and English phonemes

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Neuza Gonçalves Russo
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis

This work deals with the description, distribution and classification of the English consonantal phonemes: /t/, /g/, /đ/, /l/, /č/ and the vowel phonemes: /u/ and /ə/ and their contrast to the  corresponding Portuguese phonemes. Not only the contrast is shown but also the problems related to the learning of the above phonemes and their allophones by Portuguese speakers and some possible techniques and pieces of advice to minimize the problem. Este trabalho trata da descrição, distribuição e classificação dos fonemas /t/, /g/, /đ/, /l/, /č/ do inglês e dos fonemas vocálicos /u/ e /ə/ e o seu contraste com os fonemas correspondentes do português. Não somente a análise contrastiva é apresentada, mas também os problemas relacionados com o aprendizado destes fonemas por falantes do português e algumas técnicas de ensino de pronúncia para minimizar o problema.

Dissociating Face Processing Skills: Decisions about Lip read Speech, Expression, and Identity

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Campbell ◽  
Barbara Brooks ◽  
Edward de Haan ◽  
Tony Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Lip Reading ◽  
Identity Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The separability of different subcomponents of face processing has been regularly affirmed, but not always so clearly demonstrated. In particular, the ability to extract speech from faces (lip-reading) has been shown to dissociate doubly from face identification in neurological but not in other populations. In this series of experiments with undergraduates, the classification of speech sounds (lip-reading) from personally familiar and unfamiliar face photographs was explored using speeded manual responses. The independence of lip-reading from identity-based processing was confirmed. Furthermore, the established pattern of independence of expression-matching from, and dependence of identity-matching on, face familiarity was extended to personally familiar faces and “difficult”-emotion decisions. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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