The objective of this study is to characterize frayed fiber[1] under high resolution microscope to unveil fiber fraying. Based on observation with high resolution microscope, the classification of frayed fibers has been done to contribute to clarifying fiber fraying mechanism. One rectification on previous recognition of frayed fiber has been made to indicate that the dominating cases for fiber fraying are many fibers fraying in one point instead of single fiber fraying at fiber cut site as previously reported[1]. Thus the rectification/removal of fallacious knowledge of frayed fiber favors to clarify this issue. It is further indicated that the unveiling or clarification of fiber fraying mechanism is mainly based on the integration between classification of frayed fiber and traditionally proven effects of refining on various fiber changes from LC to HC refining process. Thus, a latest and newly-built theory responsible for fiber fraying during refining process has been proposed in this paper. With convincing reasoning and speculation, this newly established theory proposed in this paper could go through various visible phenomena and effects of frayed fibers as published earlier[1]. This theory proposes that frayed fibers are generated based on the integration of Ȝsplittingȝ and Ȝlocally high consistencyȝ mechanisms. In other words, the intensive external fibrillation responsible for Ȝsplittingȝ and Ȝlocally high consistencyȝ theory is one of the most important effects on refining on frayed fiber generation. Therefore, the origin of fiber fraying could be the intensive external fibrillation(LC refining at high energy) integrated together with certain fiber type (SW), the methodology of fiber processing(BSKP), refiner type(Escher Wyss) and friction between fibers and equipment. This theory further indicates that any intensive external fibrillation equivalents generated in any conditions other than LC refining at high energy also permit fiber fraying generation.
Determination of Bioactive Compounds in the Juice of Pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck)