3D Bioprinting of Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging technology based on 3D digital imaging technology and multi-level continuous printing. The precise positioning of biological materials, seed cells, and biological factors, known as “additive biomanufacturing”, can provide personalized therapy strategies in regenerative medicine. Over the last two decades, 3D bioprinting hydrogels have significantly advanced the field of cartilage and bone tissue engineering. This article reviews the development of 3D bioprinting and its application in cartilage tissue engineering, followed by a discussion of the current challenges and prospects for 3D bioprinting. This review presents foundational information on the future optimization of the design and manufacturing process of 3D additive biomanufacturing.

Digital Imaging Technology

In this chapter, I examine one sense in which digital images are digital; namely, in virtue of being made and presented with digital technology. I begin by outlining some general theoretical commitments regarding the nature and conditions of appreciation. Broadly speaking, the appreciation of art is to be understood in terms of the differential exercise of cognitive skills. Such skills can be exercised when an appreciator takes into account the distinctively digital technology involved in both the production and the screening of digital images. I give some important background on the functioning of computers and digital display tools. This background helps us understand the debate surrounding potential aesthetic losses and gains when working creatively with digital, as opposed to analog, tools.

Analysis of Shoot Architecture Traits in Edamame Reveals Potential Strategies to Improve Harvest Efficiency

Edamame is a type of green, vegetable soybean and improving shoot architecture traits for edamame is important for breeding of high-yield varieties by decreasing potential loss due to harvesting. In this study, we use digital imaging technology and computer vision algorithms to characterize major traits of shoot architecture for edamame. Using a population of edamame PIs, we seek to identify underlying genetic control of different shoot architecture traits. We found significant variations in the shoot architecture of the edamame lines including long-skinny and candle stick-like structures. To quantify the similarity and differences of branching patterns between these edamame varieties, we applied a topological measurement called persistent homology. Persistent homology uses algebraic geometry algorithms to measure the structural similarities between complex shapes. We found intriguing relationships between the topological features of branching networks and pod numbers in our plant population, suggesting combination of multiple topological features contribute to the overall pod numbers on a plant. We also identified potential candidate genes including a lateral organ boundary gene family protein and a MADS-box gene that are associated with the pod numbers. This research provides insight into the genetic regulation of shoot architecture traits and can be used to further develop edamame varieties that are better adapted to mechanical harvesting.

REPEATABILITY OF A DIGITAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR DENTAL PLAQUE QUANTITATION (QRAYCAM PRO) IN CURRENT, FORMER AND NEVER SMOKERS – STUDY PROTOCOL

Although the detrimental health effects of smoking on human health are well described, the impact of smoking on dental plaque build-up lacks consistent records. This is because dental research on periodontal health has primarily relied on subjective indices with poor discriminatory power. Novel digital imaging techniques for the objective quantitation of dental plaque are now available. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) technology has been used in several studies for digital quantification and monitoring of dental plaque.The objective of the study is to quantitate and compare short- and long-term repeatability of dental plaque among current, former, and never smokers by using a high resolution, auto-focus, hand-held QLF scanner (QRayCam Pro; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, NL).Demonstration of good reproducibility of QLF technology with clear discrimination for dental plaque quantitation among current, former, and never smokers will pave the way to future application of this test for both medical and regulatory research applied not only to combustion-free tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, oral tobacco/nicotine products, etc.) and smoking cessation medications, but also to consume care product for oral hygiene.

REPEATABILITY OF A DIGITAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR DENTAL PLAQUE QUANTITATION (QRAYCAM™ PRO) IN CURRENT, FORMER AND NEVER SMOKERS – STUDY PROTOCOL

ABSTRACTAlthough the detrimental health effects of smoking on human health are well described, the impact of smoking on dental plaque build-up lacks consistent records. This is because dental research on periodontal health has primarily relied on subjective indices with poor discriminatory power. Novel digital imaging techniques for the objective quantitation of dental plaque are now available. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) technology has been used in several studies for digital quantification and monitoring of dental plaque.The objective of the study is to quantitate and compare short- and long-term repeatability of dental plaque among current, former, and never smokers by using a high resolution, auto-focus, hand-held QLF scanner (QRayCam™ Pro; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, NL).Demonstration of good reproducibility of QLF technology with clear discrimination for dental plaque quantitation among current, former, and never smokers will pave the way to future application of this test for both medical and regulatory research applied not only to combustion-free tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, oral tobacco/nicotine products, etc.) and smoking cessation medications, but also to consume care product for oral hygiene.

Rummage of Machine Learning Algorithms in Cancer Diagnosis

With the continuous improvement of digital imaging technology and rapid increase in the use of digital medical records in last decade, artificial intelligence has provided various techniques to analyze these data. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence techniques, provides the ability to learn from past and present and to predict the future on the basis of data. Various AI-enabled support systems are designed by using machine learning algorithms in order to optimize and computerize the process of clinical decision making and to bring about a massive archetype change in the healthcare sector such as timely identification, revealing and treatment of disease, as well as outcome prediction. Machine learning algorithms are implemented in the healthcare sector and helped in diagnosis of critical illness such as cancer, neurology, cardiac, and kidney disease as well as with easing in anticipation of disease progression. By applying and executing machine learning algorithms over healthcare data, one can evaluate, analyze, and generate the results that can be used not only to advance the prior health studies but also to aid in forecasting a patient's chances of developing of various diseases. The aim in this article is to present an overview of machine learning and to cover various algorithms of machine learning and their present implementation in the healthcare sector.

DIGITAL IMAGING BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY AND ITS SPATIAL DIMENSIONALITY

Due to the complexity of digital imaging targets and imaging conditions, fractal theory techniques in existing digital imaging systems still have various shortcomings. In this paper, a digital imaging processing method based on fractal theory is proposed for the first time. For X-ray images, the rapid calculation method of H-parameters is derived based on the fractional Brownian random field model. The H-parameters of X-ray images are calculated point by point. After that, all the singular points are connected, which is the edge of the defect in the image. We apply this method to analyze and process the X-ray images with defects such as missing joints, skins and hollows. Secondly, by means of fractal geometry, the contour slice measurement of the digital imaging space of this fractal is studied. The approximate index value is the digital imaging section profile dimension (D1 dimension) and the section shadow dimension (D2 dimension), so that the dimension determines the complexity of the form and detail of digital imaging. Finally, it can be seen from the experimental results that this method is effective and explores a new way for the development of digital imaging technology. At the same time, it is of great significance to the automatic pattern recognition of the application.

Respon Fikih terhadap Perkembangan Teknologi Rukyat

The method used to determine the beginning of the Islamic month which refers to the hilal regularity is called rukyat. The central issue of rukyat disruption is the problem of visual contrast of sky twilight, namely the difference in light or the color between the object and the foreground. The hilal (the new crescent moon) is dim, thin, and its color is almost the same as the sky around it so it makes the human eyes in a normal state unable to see directly the hilal without using the tools. Moreover, the technology of rukyat has developed significantly by discovering the optical technology named the rukyat telescope. However, this telescope is not able to identify hilal (the new moon), because it is only functioned to collect the light; so, when the twilight (syafak) light is strengthened, the hilal light is also equally strengthened. Furthermore, rukyat technology that is possibly used is digital imaging assisted by software that works to increase the light contrast so that the hilal can be seen by the visual eyes. Finally, digital imaging technology has an important role as a media verifier of the testimony stated by someone seeing the hilal, contrarily, its validity is doubtful. In responding to the development of technology used for finding the new crescent (rukyatulhilal), both classical and contemporary fiqh scholars give positive responses related to the use of rukyat tools that aim to facilitate the process of seeing the crescent (rukyatulhilal), especially in terms of clarifying the crescent sight object so that the new moon can be seen with the visual eye.

Performance Evaluation of Semantic Based Image Retrieval System from Cyberspace (SBIRSC) Framework

With the popularity and remarkable development of digital imaging technology and its usage in various domains, an extraordinary level of accuracy required in the existing image retrieval techniques. The retrieval of the requested images on the basis of the user query by convoluted features in cyberspace is a very big challenge. Various researchers were already proposed multiple techniques for image retrieval. But, after concluding the detailed research, the authors have analyzed that most of the search-engines does not produce an accurate result. In this context, a new generation of digital images retrieval from cyberspace applications must be developed. This paper presents the performance evaluation of the proposed semantic-based image retrieval system from the cyberspace (SBIRSC) framework. The proposed framework was tested on various datasets like Flickr, Shutterstock, Pixabay, Everypixel, Bing available on the cyberspace. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated by using accuracy and response time.