scholarly journals Duration of Breastfeeding and Risk of SIDS: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
John M.D. Thompson ◽  
Kawai Tanabe ◽  
Rachel Y. Moon ◽  
Edwin A. Mitchell ◽  
Cliona McGarvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

CONTEXT Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality. Our previous meta-analyses showed that any breastfeeding is protective against SIDS with exclusive breastfeeding conferring a stronger effect. The duration of breastfeeding required to confer a protective effect is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between breastfeeding duration and SIDS. DATA SOURCES Individual-level data from 8 case-control studies. STUDY SELECTION Case-control SIDS studies with breastfeeding data. DATA EXTRACTION Breastfeeding variables, demographic factors, and other potential confounders were identified. Individual-study and pooled analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 2267 SIDS cases and 6837 control infants were included. In multivariable pooled analysis, breastfeeding for <2 months was not protective (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–1.22). Any breastfeeding ≥2 months was protective, with greater protection seen with increased duration (2–4 months: aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44– 0.82; 4–6 months: aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26–0.63; and >6 months: aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22– 0.61). Although exclusive breastfeeding for <2 months was not protective (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59–1.14), longer periods were protective (2–4 months: aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42–0.87; 4–6 months: aOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29–0.74). LIMITATIONS The variables collected in each study varied slightly, limiting our ability to include all studies in the analysis and control for all confounders. CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding duration of at least 2 months was associated with half the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding does not need to be exclusive to confer this protection.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhiyang Shen ◽  
Xuefeng Lu ◽  
Yanhua Zhen ◽  
Huixia Li
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Case Control Studies

Aims: This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema by meta-analysis.Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted through the following databases: Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE. Prospective cohort and prospective case-control studies that reported sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound in diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema were selected. An independent review of citations was carried out for inclusion and data extraction. Quality assessment was conducted using the QUADAS-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were taken from the studied articles and then calculated with the contingency tables. A total of 984 articles were identified but only eight studies (1301 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. One study was a case-control study and seven studies were prospective cohort study.Results: The overall sensitivity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema is 97% (95% CI: 96%–98%) and the overall specificity was 98% (95% CI: 97%–99%).Conclusion: The diagnostic test accuracy suggests that lung ultrasound using B-lines is a useful and reliable diagnostic tool for critically illpatients with acute pulmonary edema.

scholarly journals Mixed Models for Meta-Analysis and Sequencing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Bulik-Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Meta Analyses

Mixed models are an effective statistical method for increasing power and avoiding confounding in genetic association studies. Existing mixed model methods have been designed for ``pooled'' studies where all individual-level genotype and phenotype data are simultaneously visible to a single analyst. Many studies follow a ``meta-analysis'' design, wherein a large number of independent cohorts share only summary statistics with a central meta-analysis group, and no one person can view individual-level data for more than a small fraction of the total sample. When using linear regression for GWAS, there is no difference in power between pooled studies and meta-analyses \cite{lin2010meta}; however, we show that when using mixed models, standard meta-analysis is much less powerful than mixed model association on a pooled study of equal size. We describe a method that allows meta-analyses to capture almost all of the power available to mixed model association on a pooled study without sharing individual-level genotype data. The added computational cost and analytical complexity of this method is minimal, but the increase in power can be large: based on the predictive performance of polygenic scoring reported in \cite{wood2014defining} and \cite{locke2015genetic}, we estimate that the next height and BMI studies could see increases in effective sample size of $\approx$15\% and $\approx$8\%, respectively. Last, we describe how a related technique can be used to increase power in sequencing, targeted sequencing and exome array studies. Note that these techniques are presently only applicable to randomly ascertained studies and will sometimes result in loss of power in ascertained case/control studies. We are developing similar methods for case/control studies, but this is more complicated.

Association between ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism and Late-onset Alzheimer Disease: An Up-to-date Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Haitao Liu ◽  
Wei Ge ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xue Kong ◽  
Weiming Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Aldh2 Gene

Objectives: Previous case-control studies have focused on the relationship between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD), but no definite unified conclusion has been reached. Therefore, the correlation between ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and LOAD remains controversial. To analyze the correlation between ALDH2 polymorphism and the risk of LOAD, we implemented this up-to-date meta-analysis to assess the probable association. Methods: Studies were searched through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China Biology Medicine, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical- Trials.gov, Embase, and MEDLINE from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2018, without any restrictions on language and ethnicity. Results: Five studies of 1057 LOAD patients and 1136 healthy controls met our criteria for the analysis. Statistically, the ALDH2 GA/AA genotype was not linked with raising LOAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96-2.28, p = 0.07). In subgroup analysis, the phenomenon that men with ALDH2*2 had higher risk for LOAD (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.10-2.67, p = 0.02) was observed. Conclusions: This study comprehends only five existing case-control studies and the result is negative. The positive trend might appear when the sample size is enlarged. In the future, more large-scale casecontrol or cohort studies should be done to enhance the association between ALDH2 polymorphism and AD or other neurodegenerative diseases.

Respiratory disturbances in fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case control studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Ortiz-Rubio ◽  
Irene Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Irene Cabrera-Martos ◽  
Laura López-López ◽  
Janet Rodríguez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies

Fr561 COLONIC SPIROCHETES AND GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY AND SYMPTOMS: A META-ANALYSIS OF CASE-CONTROL STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-364
Author(s):  
Kening Fan ◽  
Prema M. Nair ◽  
Guy D. Eslick ◽  
Grace Burns ◽  
Nicholas J. Talley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology

scholarly journals Running and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Timmins ◽  
Richard D. Leech ◽  
Mark E. Batt ◽  
Kimberley L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Knee Joint Surgery ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition characterized by pain, impaired function, and reduced quality of life. A number of risk factors for knee OA have been identified, such as obesity, occupation, and injury. The association between knee OA and physical activity or particular sports such as running is less clear. Previous reviews, and the evidence that informs them, present contradictory or inconclusive findings. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to determine the association between running and the development of knee OA. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched, along with citations in eligible articles and reviews and the contents of recent journal issues. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts using prespecified eligibility criteria. Full-text articles were also independently assessed for eligibility. Eligible studies were those in which running or running-related sports (eg, triathlon or orienteering) were assessed as a risk factor for the onset or progression of knee OA in adults. Relevant outcomes included (1) diagnosis of knee OA, (2) radiographic markers of knee OA, (3) knee joint surgery for OA, (4) knee pain, and (5) knee-associated disability. Risk of bias was judged by use of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed with case-control studies investigating arthroplasty. Results: After de-duplication, the search returned 1322 records. Of these, 153 full-text articles were assessed; 25 were eligible, describing 15 studies: 11 cohort (6 retrospective) and 4 case-control studies. Findings of studies with a diagnostic OA outcome were mixed. Some radiographic differences were observed in runners, but only at baseline within some subgroups. Meta-analysis suggested a protective effect of running against surgery due to OA: pooled odds ratio 0.46 (95% CI, 0.30-0.71). The I2 was 0% (95% CI, 0%-73%). Evidence relating to symptomatic outcomes was sparse and inconclusive. Conclusion: With this evidence, it is not possible to determine the role of running in knee OA. Moderate- to low-quality evidence suggests no association with OA diagnosis, a positive association with OA diagnosis, and a negative association with knee OA surgery. Conflicting results may reflect methodological heterogeneity. More evidence from well-designed, prospective studies is needed to clarify the contradictions.

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