scholarly journals Teen Pregnancy Risk Factors Among Young Women of Diverse Sexual Orientations

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Brittany M. Charlton ◽  
Andrea L. Roberts ◽  
Margaret Rosario ◽  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Jerel P. Calzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Developmental Milestones ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
And Bisexual

OBJECTIVES Young women who are sexual minorities (eg, bisexual and lesbian) are approximately twice as likely as those who are heterosexual to have a teen pregnancy. Therefore, we hypothesized that risk factors for teen pregnancy would vary across sexual orientation groups and that other potential risk factors exist that are unique to sexual minorities. METHODS We used multivariable log-binomial models gathered from 7120 young women in the longitudinal cohort known as the Growing Up Today Study to examine the following potential teen pregnancy risk factors: childhood maltreatment, bullying victimization and perpetration, and gender nonconformity. Among sexual minorities, we also examined the following: sexual minority developmental milestones, sexual orientation–related stress, sexual minority outness, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual social activity involvement. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment and bullying were significant teen pregnancy risk factors among all participants. After adjusting for childhood maltreatment and bullying, the sexual orientation–related teen pregnancy disparities were attenuated; these risk factors explained 45% of the disparity. Among sexual minorities, reaching sexual minority developmental milestones earlier was also associated with an increased teen pregnancy risk. CONCLUSIONS The higher teen pregnancy prevalence among sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals in this cohort was partially explained by childhood maltreatment and bullying, which may, in part, stem from sexual orientation–related discrimination. Teen pregnancy prevention efforts that are focused on risk factors more common among young women who are sexual minorities (eg, childhood maltreatment, bullying) can help to reduce the existing sexual orientation–related teen pregnancy disparity.

scholarly journals Untethered lives: Barriers to societal integration as predictors of the sexual orientation disparity in suicidality

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bränström ◽  
A van der Star ◽  
J E Pachankis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Public Health Survey ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Orientation Disparity

Abstract Background Despite increasing legal protections and supportive attitudes toward sexual minorities (e.g., those who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB]) in recent decades, suicidality remains more common among this population than among heterosexuals. While barriers to societal integration have been widely theorized as determinants of suicidality for the general population, they have not been comprehensively explored to explain the sexual orientation disparity in suicidality and/or compared to more established contributors. Methods Data come from the cross-sectional Swedish National Public Health Survey, which randomly collected data from individuals (16-84 years of age) annually from 2010 to 2015 (1,281 (2.2%) self-identified as LGB). Analyses examined sexual orientation differences in suicidality (i.e., past-12-month ideation and attempts), and explored the role of barriers to societal integration (i.e., not living with a partner or children, unemployment, and lack of societal trust) in explaining this disparity over-and-above more commonly explored psychological (e.g., depression, substance use) and interpersonal (e.g., discrimination, victimization, lack of social support) suicidality risk factors. Results Compared to heterosexuals, suicidal ideation and attempts were more common among both gay men/lesbians (AORideation: 2.51; AORattempts: 4.66), and bisexuals (AORideation: 3.76; AORattempts: 6.06). Barriers to societal integration mediated the association between sexual orientation and suicidality even in models adjusting for established risk factors for suicidality. Conclusions The disproportionate barriers to societal integration that LGB individuals experience seem important contributors to the elevated risk of suicidality among sexual minorities. Preventive interventions should consider innovative ways to foster societal integration within sexual minority populations and to adjust hetero-centric social institutions to better include sexual minorities.

117. Teen Pregnancy Risk Factors Among Girls and Young Women of Diverse Sexual Orientations

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. S61-S62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Michelle Charlton ◽  
Margaret Rosario ◽  
Andrea L. Roberts ◽  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Sexual Orientations

scholarly journals Teen Pregnancy Risk Factors Among Young Women of Diverse Sexual Orientations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. e20172278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany M. Charlton ◽  
Andrea L. Roberts ◽  
Margaret Rosario ◽  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Jerel P. Calzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Sexual Orientations

scholarly journals THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG AGING SEXUAL MINORITY CANADIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S303-S304
Author(s):  
Arne Stinchcombe ◽  
Nicole G Hammond ◽  
Kimberley Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Sexual minority older adults face minority stressors that are associated with higher rates of mental illness. The stress buffering effects of social support within majority populations are well documented. Using a large population-based sample of aging Canadians, we sought to examine the relationship between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms, and determine whether this relationship is moderated by social support and sex. Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) were used (n = 46147). Participants were between the ages of 45-85 years at time of recruitment (mean age = 62.46, SD = 10.27), and self-reported their sexual orientation as heterosexual or lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) (2.1%). Social support and depressive symptoms were measured using validated instruments. Four functional social support subscales were derived: tangible, positive social interaction, affectionate, and emotional/informational. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for relevant covariates were conducted. LGB identification was associated with greater depressive symptoms when compared to heterosexual participants (p = 0.032). As evidenced by a significant 3-way interaction (p = 0.030), increasing tangible social support was associated with a corresponding decrease in the risk of depressive symptoms; this relationship was most pronounced for lesbian and bisexual women. A significant 2-way interaction (p = 0.040) revealed that as emotional/informational social support increased, depressive symptoms decreased, with greater disparity between LGB and heterosexual participants at lower levels of social support. The results highlight the importance of social support in promoting mental health, especially among sexual minority older adults.

scholarly journals Proving it: experiences of sexual minorities in the Canadian refugee determination system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
Determination System ◽  
And Gender

This paper explores refugee claimant’s experiences negotiating the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB). Focusing on claims based on sexual orientation and gender identity, this paper investigates how claimants are made to ‘prove’ their sexual orientation and gender identity. The IRB and its decision makers require that claimants prove their identity as a refugee as well as a member of a sexual minority. Through an analysis of the existing literature and by integrating queer and feminist theoretical concepts on gender, sex, performativity and representation, it is apparent that the Canadian IRB functions as a heteronormative system in which the understanding of sexual orientation and gender identities are essentialized.

scholarly journals Proving it: experiences of sexual minorities in the Canadian refugee determination system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
Determination System ◽  
And Gender

This paper explores refugee claimant’s experiences negotiating the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB). Focusing on claims based on sexual orientation and gender identity, this paper investigates how claimants are made to ‘prove’ their sexual orientation and gender identity. The IRB and its decision makers require that claimants prove their identity as a refugee as well as a member of a sexual minority. Through an analysis of the existing literature and by integrating queer and feminist theoretical concepts on gender, sex, performativity and representation, it is apparent that the Canadian IRB functions as a heteronormative system in which the understanding of sexual orientation and gender identities are essentialized.

Disparities in Subjective Cognitive Impairment by Sexual Orientation and Gender in a National Population Based Study of U.S. Adults, 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110464
Author(s):  
Karen I. Fredriksen-Goldsen ◽  
Hailey Jung ◽  
Hyun-Jun Kim ◽  
Ryan Petros ◽  
Charles Emlet
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
National Population ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: This is the first national population-based study to examine cognitive impairment disparities among sexual minority mid-life and older adults. Methods: Using the National Health Interview Survey (2013–2018), we compared weighted prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment by sexual orientation and gender, among those aged 45 plus, applying logistic regressions adjusting for age, income, education, race/ethnicity, and survey years. Results: Sexual minorities (24.5%) were more likely to have subjective cognitive impairment than heterosexuals (19.1%). Sexual minority women had higher odds of greater severity, frequency, and extent of subjective cognitive impairment. Sexual minorities were also more likely to report activity limitations resulting from cognitive impairment and were no more likely to attribute limitations to dementia or senility. Discussion: Cognitive health disparities are of particular concern in this historically and socially marginalized population. The investigation of explanatory factors is needed, and targeted interventions and policies are warranted to address cognitive challenges faced by sexual minorities.

scholarly journals The role of country-level structural stigma on sexual orientation disclosure and discrimination in health care settings among lesbian, gay, and bisexuals across Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bränström ◽  
J E Pachankis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Disclosure Of Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Orientation Disclosure

Abstract Background The national climate surrounding sexual minorities (i.e., those self-identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual [LGB]) varies greatly worldwide. Recent Cross-European studies have shown that country-level structural stigma is a strong determinant of sexual minority individuals health risk behaviors and mental health. The consequences of the significant country-level variation in structural stigma on sexual minorities’ experiences of health care discrimination and disclosure of sexual orientation to health care providers have not been previously investigated. Methods In 2012, 86 000 sexual minority individuals (aged 18 years and older) from all 28 European Union countries responded to questions concerning discrimination in health care settings and sexual orientation disclosure to health care providers (EU LGBT survey). Structural stigma was assessed using a combination of national laws and policies affecting sexual minorities and a measure of sexual minority acceptance among citizens of each country. Results Disclosure of sexual orientation to health care providers were much more common in low stigma coutries (e.g., the Netherlands, Sweden, UK) compared to high stigma coutries (e.g., Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia). Experiences of discrimination in health care settings were more common among LGB indiviudals who were open about their sexual orientaiton and increased by degree of country-level structural stigma. Conclusions Disclosure of sexual orientation and experiences of discrimination in health care settings varies greatly among LGB individuals in Europe largely due to structural stigma surrounding sexual minorities. Main messages These findings highlight the importance of eliminating legislation, policies, and national attitudes that promote the unequal treatment of sexual minorities in currently unsupportive European countries.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation identity and tobacco and hazardous alcohol use: findings from a cross-sectional English population survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e015058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Gareth Hagger-Johnson ◽  
Susan Michie ◽  
Joanna Semlyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Omnibus Test ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
And Bisexual

ObjectivesTo assess the association between tobacco and hazardous alcohol use and sexual orientation and whether such an association could be explained by other sociodemographic characteristics.DesignCross-sectional household survey conducted in 2014–2016.SettingEngland, UK.ParticipantsRepresentative English population sample (pooled n=43 866).Main outcomesSexual orientation identity (lesbian/gay, bisexual, heterosexual, prefer-not-to-say); current tobacco and hazardous alcohol use (defined as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Score ≥8). All outcomes were self-reported.ResultsDue to interactions between sexual orientation and gender for substance use, analyses were stratified by gender. Tobacco use prevalence was significantly higher among lesbian/gay (women: 24.9%, 95% CI 19.2% to 32.6%; men: 25.9%, 95% CI 21.3% to 31.0%) and bisexual participants (women: 32.4%, 95% CI 25.9% to 39.6%; men: 30.7%, 95% CI 23.7% to 30.7%) and significantly lower for prefer-not-to-say participants in women (15.5%, 95% CI 13.5% to 17.8%) but not men (22.7%, 95% CI 20.3% to 25.3%) compared with heterosexual participants (women: 17.5%, 95% CI 17.0% to 18.0%; men: 20.4%, 95% CI 19.9% to 21.0%; p<0.001 for omnibus test). Similarly, hazardous alcohol use was significantly more prevalent for lesbian/gay (women: 19.0%, 95% CI 14.0% to 25.3%; men: 30.0%, 25.2%–35.3%) and bisexual participants (women: 24.4%, 95% CI 18.7% to 31.3%; men: 24.3%, 95% CI 17.9% to 32.1%) and lower for prefer-not-to-say participants (women: 4.1%, 95% CI 3.0% to 5.4%; men: 13.7%; 95% CI 11.8% to 16.0%) compared with heterosexuals (women: 8.3%, 95% CI 7.9% to 8.7%; men: 18.4%, 95% CI 17.9% to 18.9%; p<0.001 for omnibus test). However, after adjusting for sociodemographic confounders, tobacco use was similar across all sexual orientation groups among both women and men. By contrast, sexual orientation differences in hazardous alcohol use remained even after adjustment among women but not for bisexual and gay men.ConclusionsIn England, higher rates of tobacco use among sexual minority men and women appear to be attributable to other sociodemographic factors. Higher rates of hazardous alcohol use among sexual minority men may also be attributable to these factors, whereas this is not the case for sexual minority women.

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