Long-term Safety and Efficacy Results of Once-Daily Emtricitabine-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pediatric Subjects

Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in dramatic decreases in morbidity and improved survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Although the risk of morbidity has decreased, it has been replaced by other long-term complications, such as hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is often reflected in biochemical abnormalities of liver function, such as elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). Objective To compare liver function spectrum (AST, ALT, and APRI) in HIV-infected children before and after at least 6 months of HAART. Methods This observational study (before and after) was conducted in pediatric patients with HIV infection who received HAART for at least 6 months at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Data were collected from medical records. Results Forty-nine patients were observed in this study. The mean AST, ALT, and APRI levels before HAART were higher than after at least 6 months of HAART. Anti-tuberculosis treatment and fluconazole therapy were not confounding factors for AST, ALT, and APRI. Conclusion Liver function spectrum enzyme levels of AST, ALT, and APRI are improved after at least 6 months of HAART.

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Long-term Study of Intraocular Pressure Changes in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.10.033 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 451-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Igor Kozak ◽

Laurie LaBree ◽

Stanley P. Azen ◽

Lingyun Cheng ◽

Nicole L. Reagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Term Study ◽

Highly Active ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Pressure Changes

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Suppression of Virus Load by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Rhesus Macaques Infected with a Recombinant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing Reverse Transcriptase from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.12.7349-7354.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 7349-7354 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Thomas W. North ◽

Koen K. A. Van Rompay ◽

Joanne Higgins ◽

Timothy B. Matthews ◽

Debra A. Wadford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Once Daily ◽

Highly Active ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We have modeled highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for AIDS in rhesus macaques infected with a chimera (RT-SHIV) of simian immunodeficiency virus containing reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Seven RT-SHIV-infected macaques were treated with a combination of efavirenz (200 mg orally once daily), lamivudine (8 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily), and tenofovir (30 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily). Plasma viral RNA levels in all animals were reduced by more than 1,000-fold after 4 weeks and, in six of the seven animals, were reduced to undetectable levels after 10 weeks. Virus loads increased slightly between 12 and 16 weeks of treatment, associated with problems with the administration of efavirenz. After a change in the method of efavirenz administration, virus loads declined again and remained undetectable in the majority of animals for the duration of therapy. Treatment was stopped for three animals after 36 weeks of therapy, and virus loads increased rapidly. Posttreatment RT-SHIV isolates had no mutations associated with resistance to any of the three drugs. Efavirenz treatment was stopped, but lamivudine and tenofovir treatment for two other macaques was continued. The virus load in one of these two animals rebounded; virus from this animal was initially free of drug-resistance mutations but acquired the K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase at 11 weeks after efavirenz treatment was withdrawn. These results mimic HAART of HIV-1-infected humans. The RT-SHIV/rhesus macaque model should be useful for studies of tissue reservoirs and sites of residual replication that are not possible or practical with humans.

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