Use of the Protease Inhibitor Saquinavir Hard Gel in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients in the Early Period of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Does it Affect Long-term Treatment Outcome?

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Jensen-fangel ◽  
Court Pedersen ◽  
Henrik Nielsen ◽  
Palle Tauris ◽  
Axel Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Long-Term Treatment with Lopinavir-Ritonavir Induces a Reduction in Peripheral Adipose Depots in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3998-4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Prot ◽  
Laurence Heripret ◽  
Nathalie Cardot-Leccia ◽  
Christophe Perrin ◽  
Myriam Aouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lipodystrophic Syndrome

ABSTRACT Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients is associated with adverse effects, such as lipodystrophy and hyperlipidemia. The lipodystrophic syndrome is characterized by a peripheral lipoatrophy and/or fat accumulation in the abdomen and neck. In order to get insights into the physiopathological mechanisms underlying this syndrome, we treated mice with protease inhibitors (PIs) over a long period of time. Although atazanavir-treated mice presented the same circulating triglyceride concentration as control mice, lopinavir-ritonavir-treated mice rapidly became hypertriglyceridemic, with triglyceride levels of 200 mg/dl, whereas control and atazanavir-treated animals had triglyceride levels of 80 mg/dl. These results obtained with mice reproduce the metabolic disorder observed in humans. White adipose tissue (WAT) was analyzed after 8 weeks of treatment. Compared to the control or atazanavir treatment, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment induced a significant 25% weight reduction in the peripheral inguinal WAT depot. By contrast, the profound epididymal WAT depot was not affected. This effect was associated with a 5.5-fold increase in SREBP-1c gene expression only in the inguinal depot. Our results demonstrate that the long-term treatment of mice with PIs constitutes an interesting experimental model with which some aspects of the lipoatrophy induced by HAART in humans may be studied.

scholarly journals Liver function in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection before and after 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-64
Author(s):  
Eva Jacomina Jemima Sapulete ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Putra ◽  
Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati ◽  
Hendra Santoso ◽  
I Putu Gede Karyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fluconazole Therapy

Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in dramatic decreases in morbidity and improved survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Although the risk of morbidity has decreased, it has been replaced by other long-term complications, such as hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is often reflected in biochemical abnormalities of liver function, such as elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). Objective To compare liver function spectrum (AST, ALT, and APRI) in HIV-infected children before and after at least 6 months of HAART. Methods This observational study (before and after) was conducted in pediatric patients with HIV infection who received HAART for at least 6 months at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Data were collected from medical records. Results Forty-nine patients were observed in this study. The mean AST, ALT, and APRI levels before HAART were higher than after at least 6 months of HAART. Anti-tuberculosis treatment and fluconazole therapy were not confounding factors for AST, ALT, and APRI. Conclusion Liver function spectrum enzyme levels of AST, ALT, and APRI are improved after at least 6 months of HAART.

Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Combination Strategies

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-M Vandamme ◽  
K Van Vaerenbergh ◽  
E De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

It is now generally accepted that mono- and bitherapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are only transiently efficient mainly due to virus drug resistance. To obtain a sustained benefit from antiviral therapy, current guidelines recommend at least triple-drug combinations, or the so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In some patients, HAART can be problematic, either because it is difficult to remain compliant or because previous suboptimum therapies have limited the choice of drugs. For compliant drug-naive patients, HAART should be able to offer long-term virus suppression, when changing from first- to second- to third-line HAART at drug failure. Long-term treatment might ultimately result in multi-drug resistant virus leaving few options for salvage therapy. HIV drug resistance testing to guide this salvage therapy and the development of new drugs to allow new options will therefore remain priorities in anti-HIV drug research.

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