PRIMATES, DRUGS AND FETAL SAFETY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-955
Author(s):  
J. F. LUCEY
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fetal Safety ◽  
The Many

IT WAS WELL KNOWN to teratologists at least, prior to the thalidomide disaster, that congenital anomalies could be produced in animals by a wide variety of therapeutically useful substances (thyroxine, vitamin A, caffein, salicylates, cortisone, insulin, penicillin, and streptomycin). Very little public attention was paid to these data. The teratologists remained quiet and well aware of the many pitfalls involved in interpreting such studies. When the thalidomide disaster struck there was an understandable stampede back to the study of the teratogenic effects of drugs in animals. We now find ourselves in an apparently bottomless pit confronted with studies indicating that in some animals, at some time, under certain conditions, any drug with pharmacologic action is capable of causing anomalies.

Multiple Congenital Malformations Associated with Maternal Isotretinoin Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-430
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH DE LA CRUZ ◽  
SHYAN SUN ◽  
KAMTORN VANGVANICHYAKORN ◽  
FRANKIN DESPOSITO
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Synthetic Vitamin ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Vitamin A Derivative ◽  
Isotretinoin Therapy

Isotretinoin (Accutane), an oral synthetic vitamin A derivative, introduced in September 1982 by Roche Laboratories has been widely used in the treatment of recalcitrant cystic acne. Although there is extensive information regarding the teratogenic effects of excessive vitamin A in experimental animals,1 there are few data available on its possible effects in humans. We report a case of a preterm infant with microcephaly, microphthalmia, rudimentary pinnae, cardiac anomaly, and hepatocellular derangement born to a mother on isotretinoin therapy. This constellation of abnormalities mimicks the type of malformations seen in the animal models and is strongly suggestive of the teratogenicity of this drug to the human fetus.

Teratogenic Potential of Isotretinoin

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-94
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Keratolytic Agents ◽  
Teratogenic Potential ◽  
Vitamin A Derivative ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Pharmacologic therapy for acne, for the most part, consists of topical keratolytic agents and systemic antibiotics, but these modalities have had very little success in the treatment of cystic acne. In September 1982, isotretinoin, a Vitamin A derivative, was marketed for the treatment of recalcitrant acne and has proven to be efficacious. Because of the known teratogenicity of vitamin A in animal models, a manufacturer's warning was issued advising patients not to take this medication if they were pregnant or intended to become pregnant. Despite these warnings, there are reported cases of multiple congenital anomalies in infants born to mothers who took isotretinoin during the first half of pregnancy. Among the reported cases is a premature infant of 30 weeks' gestation born to a 22-year-old woman who used isotretinoin during her first 2 months of pregnancy.

Cultural Astronomy for Inspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Steven R. Gullberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Attention ◽  
The Many

AbstractCultural astronomy is the study of the astronomy of ancient cultures and is sometimes called the anthropology of astronomy. The many ways that astronomy was used by ancient cultures are fascinating and this can be used to inspire interest in all astronomy, as well as astronomy in culture. Archaeoastronomy is interdisciplinary and among its practitioners are not only astronomers and astrophysicists, but also anthropologists, archaeologists, and Indigenous scholars. Much can be learned about ancient cultures though examination of how and why they used astronomy. This paper will highlight several examples that can capture public attention.

Fostering a new industry in the Industrial Revolution: Boulton & Watt and gaslight 1800–1812

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE TOMORY
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Industry

AbstractGaslight emerged as a new industry after 1800 in Britain, but not in other countries in Europe where the technology existed as well. Among the many groups trying, it was only the firm of Boulton & Watt that succeeded in commercializing the invention for two important reasons. The first was that they possessed skills and experience related to ironworking and to making scientific instruments, both of which they used as they developed gaslight apparatus. This development involved an extensive series of experiments that ultimately had its root in James Watt's own work with pneumatic chemistry. The second reason was that they possessed many resources such as access to capital, their existing network of industrial customers, and their abilities to publicize their work. As with the steam engine, the firm proved adept at advertising. Boulton & Watt did not give their full attention to gaslight except in two spurts between 1805 and 1809, and by around 1812 they had lost almost all interest in the technology. By this time, however, they had solved many problems associated with scaling up gaslight apparatus for industrial use, they had trained many people who would go on to do further important work in the early years of the industry, and they had drawn extensive public attention to the new invention. Finally, their advertising involved elevating the status of William Murdoch as an inventor while minimizing the role of the firm.

In loco and systematic alteration in vitamin A content during tail regeneration in the gekkonid lizard, Hemidactylus,flaviviridis

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Ramachandran ◽  
R.V. Shah ◽  
E.P. Valsamma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Tail Regeneration ◽  
High Vitamin ◽  
Steep Increase ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
Subnormal Level ◽  
Hemidactylus Flaviviridis ◽  
The Many

AbstractA quantitative evaluation was made of the levels of vitamin A in the liver, kidney and tail regenerate during tail regeneration in H. flaviviridis. Vitamin A in the liver increased on the first three days and decreased on the 5th day post-autotomy; a second increase was noted on the 7th day. Thereafter a subnormal level was noted on the 10th, 15th and 25th days. Vitamin A levels in the tail remained raised throughout regeneration except on the 7th and 60th days when the levels were in the normal (pre-autotomy) range. Kidney vitamin A content showed a steep increase on the 10th day while at other periods it remained in the normal range. The depletion in hepatic vitamin A content corresponded with high vitamin content in the regenerate, indicating the mobilization of this vitamin to the site of regeneration. The decreased level during dedifferentiation indicates greater utilisation of this vitamin. Supra normal levels of vitamin A in the regenerate during the blastemic and differentiation phases suggest an intimate association of this vitamin with the many events characteristic of these phases of regeneration.

Multiple congenital anomalies associated with apparently normal maternal intake of vitamin A: A phenocopy of the isotretinoin syndrome?

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Lungarotti ◽  
D. Marinelli ◽  
T. Mariani ◽  
A. Calabro ◽  
John M. Opitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies

Teratogenic Effects of Vitamin a Palmitate in Fischer 344 Rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Hayes ◽  
S. R. Cobel-Geard ◽  
T. R. Hanley ◽  
J. S. Murray ◽  
N. L. Freshour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fischer 344

scholarly journals Compositional and structural features of the narration in the prose of M. Mamakaev (based on the novels "Murid of the Revolution" and "Zelimkhan")

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Тамара Белаловна Джамбекова ◽  
Джамиля Салавдиевна Товсултанова
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Persuasive Speech ◽  
The Revolution

Творчество выдающегося чеченского писателя, мастера лирического и убеждающего слова, Магомеда Мамакаева (1910-1973) в наши дни вновь притягивает внимание общественности и приобретает статус объекта не только для отклика критиков, но и для научного исследования в связи с актуализацией многолетней проблемы социально-политических конфликтов, охватывающих весь мир, а также в связи с новой волной переоценки исторических событий в России начала ХХ века, в частности роли Октябрьской революции 1917 г. в истории горских народов. Целью исследования является характеристика жизненных и эстетических событий романов «Мюрид революции» и «Зелимхан» М. Мамакаева. В задачи исследования входит анализ сюжета и стиля романов, характеристика образов главных героев, определение особенностей художественного мастерства писателя. Полученные результаты подтверждают мысль о единстве противоположностей в структуре повествования, о диалектической сбалансированности частей целого в произведении, о доминирующем тоне автора, что придает художественной структуре «дух целого», придавая всем элементам признаки фрактальности. The work of an outstanding Chechen writer, master of lyrical and persuasive speech, Magomed Mamakaev (1910-1973), nowadays again attracts public attention and acquires the status of an object not only for the response of critics, but also for scientific research in connection with the actualization of the many-year problem of social political conflicts covering the whole world, as well as in connection with a new wave of reassessment of historical events in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, in particular, a reassessment of the role of the October Revolution of 1917, including its role in the history of mountain peoples. The aim of the study is to characterize the life and aesthetic events of the novels "Murid of the Revolution" and "Zelimkhan" by M. Mamakaev. The research objectives include: an analysis of the plot and style of the novels; characterization of the images of the main characters; determination of the features of the writer's artistic skill. The results obtained confirm the idea of the unity of opposites in the structure of the narrative, of the dialectical balance of the parts of the whole in the work, of the dominant tone of the author, which surrounds the artistic structure with the “spirit of the whole”, giving all elements the signs of fractality.

scholarly journals Risk of Birth Defects From Vitamin A “Acne Supplements” Sold Online

2021 ◽  
pp. 2021075
Author(s):  
Dina Zamil ◽  
Emily Burns ◽  
Ariadna Perez-Sanchez ◽  
Milbrey Parke ◽  
Rajani Katta
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Teratogenic Risk ◽  
Consumer Confusion ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Labeling Requirements

Background: Dietary supplements are popular among US consumers and claim to address a variety of conditions, including acne. Acne supplements containing vitamin A are of particular interest, due to the potentially teratogenic effects of vitamin A doses over 10,000 IU. Objective: This study examined dosage, pregnancy risks, and labeling of vitamin A-containing acne supplements available online. Methods: An Internet search of acne supplements sold online was conducted between March and May 2020. Supplement labels and websites were analyzed for vitamin A content and pregnancy warnings, and then divided into categories based on dosage and teratogenic risk. Results: A total of 49 acne supplements was found, and of these 26 (53%) contain vitamin A. Three supplements are likely teratogenic, 4 contain vitamin A doses exceeding the daily level of intake that meets the nutritional needs of most people, and  15 have an unknown teratogenic risk. Among the 6 supplements with over 10,000 IU vitamin A, 2 have no pregnancy warning at all, including the supplement with the highest vitamin A dose found in this study. Conclusions: Dietary supplements are not subject to the same stringent regulations as drugs, and as such, consumers may be unaware of pregnancy risks. Furthermore, FDA requirements on labeling of vitamin A supplements may lead to consumer confusion regarding dosage. As such, we encourage stricter labeling requirements for vitamin A-containing supplements, including pregnancy warnings for high-dose supplements and clearer dosage labeling.

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