In loco and systematic alteration in vitamin A content during tail regeneration in the gekkonid lizard, Hemidactylus,flaviviridis

AbstractA quantitative evaluation was made of the levels of vitamin A in the liver, kidney and tail regenerate during tail regeneration in H. flaviviridis. Vitamin A in the liver increased on the first three days and decreased on the 5th day post-autotomy; a second increase was noted on the 7th day. Thereafter a subnormal level was noted on the 10th, 15th and 25th days. Vitamin A levels in the tail remained raised throughout regeneration except on the 7th and 60th days when the levels were in the normal (pre-autotomy) range. Kidney vitamin A content showed a steep increase on the 10th day while at other periods it remained in the normal range. The depletion in hepatic vitamin A content corresponded with high vitamin content in the regenerate, indicating the mobilization of this vitamin to the site of regeneration. The decreased level during dedifferentiation indicates greater utilisation of this vitamin. Supra normal levels of vitamin A in the regenerate during the blastemic and differentiation phases suggest an intimate association of this vitamin with the many events characteristic of these phases of regeneration.

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Protein expression pattern and analysis of differentially expressed peptides during various stages of tail regeneration in Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Mechanisms of Development ◽

10.1016/j.mod.2018.02.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hiral Murawala ◽

Isha Ranadive ◽

Sonam Patel ◽

Isha Desai ◽

Suresh Balakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Protein Expression Pattern ◽

Tail Regeneration ◽

Hemidactylus Flaviviridis

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Ascorbic acid in the normal and regenerating tail of the house lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.26.2.285 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 285-293

Author(s):

R. V. Shah ◽

P. K. Hiradhar ◽

D. K. Magon

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Growth Period ◽

Tail Regeneration ◽

The Matrix ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Vitamin Level ◽

Hemidactylus Flaviviridis

The concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) and the histochemical distribution of the vitamin in the normal and regenerating tail of the gekkonid lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, have been investigated. In the regenerating tail of the lizard the AA concentration almost doubles during wound healing and becomes fivefold during differentiation. However, it falls almost to the normal level during the blastema phase (i.e. period between wound healing and differentiation). Again, during the growth period (i.e. after differentiation) the AA concentration gradually becomes reduced, reaching the normal mark as the regenerate regains the full length of the original tail. Nevertheless, the vitamin level does not fall below the normal mark at any stage of regeneration. Increase of ascorbic acid during wound healing is thought to be mainly due to increased demand for the vitamin at the broken ends of the stump tissues, for their repair and formation of wound epithelium; the vitamin is known to help these processes. A fivefold increase of the vitamin during the differentiation period corresponds to an increased pace of laying down of the matrix material for the connective tissues, suggesting the role of ascorbic acid in the formation of collagen and mucopolysaccharides. Besides, the role of ascorbic acid in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is also important during tail regeneration. Fluctuations in the vitamin level during different phases of tail regeneration are correlated with various states of metabolic activities of the corresponding phases.

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Exposure to Retinoic Acids in Non-Pregnant Women Following High Vitamin A Intake with a Liver Meal

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.75.3.187 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hartmann ◽

Brørs ◽

Bock ◽

Blomhoff ◽

Bausch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentration ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Peak Plasma ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Pregnant Female ◽

Time Curve ◽

High Vitamin ◽

Concentration Time ◽

Plasma Concentration Time Curve

Animal liver is a rich source of vitamin A. Due to retinoic acid (RA) metabolites, vitamin A has a teratogenic potential and women are generally advised to avoid or to limit the consumption of liver during pregnancy. In a recent study in non-pregnant female volunteers following single and repeated doses of up to 30,000 IU/day of vitamin A as a supplement, the plasma concentration time curve of all-trans RA acid showed a diurnal-like profile. But, the overall exposure (AUC24h) remained essentially unaltered whereas AUC24h increased linearly with dose for 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA. The current study in non-pregnant female volunteers showed that a single high vitamin A intake with a liver meal (up to 120,000 IU) exhibited a similar diurnal-like plasma concentration time curve for all-trans RA and its overall exposure remained also unaltered, despite a temporary two-fold increase in peak plasma concentration. Concentrations of 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA increased several-fold after a liver meal, and exposure (AUC24h) increased three- to five-fold. Pooling our results with data in the literature revealed a linear relation between the mean AUC24h of 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA and vitamin A intake with liver. Metabolism to all-trans RA of vitamin A with liver seems not to be of safety concern. However, the observed increase of plasma concentrations and the dose-dependent increase in exposure to 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA support the current safety recommendations on vitamin A intake and suggest that women should be cautious regarding their consumption of liver-containing meals during pregnancy.

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The influence of β-carotene supplementation on β-carotene concentration in the corpus luteum and on hormone concentration in the plasma of heifers

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00033905 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 359-362

Author(s):

G. Flachowsky ◽

M. Schlenzig ◽

Brigitta Kirsche ◽

P. Lebzien

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Hormone Concentration ◽

High Vitamin ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Different Levels ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the influence of different levels of β-carotene supplements on the β-carotene concentration in the corpus luteum and on hormone concentrations in the plasma of heifers. 32 heifers (average body weight: 371 kg) were fed a low carotene diet (< 1 mg per kg DM) for 120 days. The heifers were divided into four groups according to body weight and age and supplied with 0, 100, 200 or 300 mg β-carotene per animal and day. Heifers were artifically inseminated after day 60 of the experiment and were slaughtered after day 120 of the experiment. Carotene concentration in the corpus luteum (2.3, 27, 50 and 81 μg/g for 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg β-carotene per animal per day), in plasma and in ovary was significantly influenced with increased carotene supplements. LH-concentration of plasma decreased and β-oestradiol-concentration increased with carotene supplementation. High concentrations of β-carotene in the corpus luteum and ovaries of cattle seem to act as a depot which is available when high vitamin A requirements during ovulation have to be met.

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Role of nasal casts for in vitro evaluation of nasal drug delivery and quantitative evaluation of various nasal casts

Therapeutic Delivery ◽

10.4155/tde-2020-0054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 485-495

Author(s):

Per G Djupesland ◽

John C Messina ◽

Ramy A Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Nasal Drug Delivery ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Deposition

Background: Nasal casts may characterize intranasal drug deposition. Methodology: The Koken cast, described as ‘anatomically correct’, and the Optinose cast, derived from MRI of a healthy male during velum closure, were dimensionally compared and assessed for deposition assessment suitability. Results: Smallest vertical cross-sectional areas (valve region) for Koken and Optinose right/left: 2.55/2.75 and 1.18/1.18 cm2, respectively, versus a ‘normative’ mean (range) of 0.85 cm2 (0.2–1.6 cm2). Intranasal volumes differed (computed tomography/water fill): Koken, 35.8/38.6 cm3 and Optinose, 24.1/25.0 cm3, versus a ‘normative’ mean (range) of 26.4 cm3 (20.9–31.1 cm3). Conclusion: Koken cast dimensions are larger than the normal range and the Optinose cast. The validity of casts for regulatory drug deposition studies is suspect.

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Effect of dietary vitamin A on the mixed function oxidases and the pneumotoxicity of 3-methylindole in goats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y83-125 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 816-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. E. Burley ◽

T. M. Bray

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

High Vitamin ◽

Alveolar Epithelial

To determine the effects of dietary vitamin A on the activity of the mixed function oxidase (MFO) system and on the susceptibility to 3-methylindole (3MI)-induced respiratory disease, goats were fed a high (supplemented with 12 000 IU retinyl palmitate/kg) or a low (no supplementation) vitamin A diet for 14 weeks. Four animals in each dietary group were then challenged with [14C]3MI. The remaining four animals served as controls. Enzyme assays were performed and severity of the 3MI-induced lung damage was scored. Consumption of the low vitamin A diet resulted in a significant reduction in the liver and lung contents of vitamin A; however, serum concentration of vitamin A was unaffected. High vitamin A supplementation did not alter the activity of the MFO system. Clinical signs, lung – body weight ratio and wet – dry weight ratio of the lungs of 3MI-infused goats were not significantly different; however, in the low vitamin A goats, the microscopic lesions such as the extent of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia were judged to be significantly more severe than those observed in the high vitamin A goats.

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