WITCH DOCTORS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
Cicely Williams
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Health ◽  
American University ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Second World ◽  
And Child Health

As a refreshing departure from our usual articles, we welcome the chance to publish these perceptions of an unusual pediatrician. In presenting Dr. Cicely Williams to her Baltimore audience, Dr. Nicholas J. Fortuin said: "Today we introduce to you a distinguished British woman of medicine. Though born in Jamaica, Dr. Williams received her early medical education in England, but later left for a tour with the colonial services in Ghana, where she began her life-long interest in tropical pediatrics and first described the disease we know today as kwashiorkor. After spending 7 years in Africa, Dr. Williams went to Singapore in 1936 as pediatrician to the College of Medicine and, after the second world war, became advisor in child health to the Federation of Malaya. Subsequently she became the first head of the World Health Organization's Department of Maternal and Child Health, and after some years of teaching and consulting work in England, Visiting Professor of Maternal and Child Health at the American University in Beirut in 1960. Dr. Williams returned to London to work with the Family Planning Association in recent years, where she has been able to pursue an interest in population control. Dr. Williams:" I'm sorry if my title is misleading. It's a bit pretentious because it isn't really that I've had spectacular experiences with witch doctors; but, in wandering about the world I've met various unorthodox sorts of medicine and, rather than calling it "unorthodox," it seemed quicker to call it "witch doctors." In every type of medicine we depend largely on confidence, on patient reaction, often on empiricism.

scholarly journals Pregravidary preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Podilyakina ◽  
D. V. Kulov ◽  
Zh. T. Amirbekova
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
And Child Health

Preconception care is an essential component of promoting maternal and child health at the national and international levels. The term “preconception care” is found both in various recommendations of the World Health Organization and in practical recommendations for the protection of maternal and child health. Although programs and guidelines may differ depending on local needs (endemic diseases, financial security, educational level of the population, etc.), the general concept of preconception care is present in developing and developed countries within different health systems and does not depend on political, cultural or religious beliefs. In addition, the history of incorporating various preconception strategies and ideologies into international maternal and child health programs and policies spans nearly 30 years, demonstrating the long-term recognition of the relative importance of this approach as a means of optimizing pregnancy outcomes. However, at present there is a large proportion of women who do not know about the importance of preparing for pregnancy.The purpose of this review was to study international experience in the implementation of preconception care in the practice of practical health care professionals. The main tools were highlighted – motivated counseling and reflective practice. Since the United States of America is the world health leader in improving pregnancy outcomes, the information sources were selected from PubMed and the Centers for Disease Control. This review provides evidence of the importance of motivated counseling, identifies the main stages of establishing a trusting relationship between a doctor and a woman or a married couple.Conclusions. Correct pregravid behavior will improve the demographic indicators of the country, however, systematic work is needed with regard to the social responsibility of married couples and the interest of medical personnel in high-quality motivated counseling.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS AND REPORTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
International News ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First World ◽  
And Child Health

The First World Health Assembly convened in Geneva, Switzerland, on June 24, 1948, and remained in session until July 24. Fifty-four nations sent delegates. The work of this First Assembly centered around the development of a program of action for the World Health Organization. After discussions of a long list of possible activities, the Assembly adopted a program which established certain priorities for the work of the Organization during the coming year. Malaria control, maternal and child health, tuberculosis and venereal disease control, nutrition and environmental sanitation were placed in the top priority. To carry out these priority programs the WHO authorized the appointment of expert committees and the establishment of appropriate sections of work in the secretariat of the Organization.

Complexity of Breastfeeding on Child/Maternal Health and Counseling Intervention

2020 ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Ogunlade Joseph Olurotimi
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Counseling Approach

This chapter is a critical review of the complexities of breastfeeding and its attending effects on the health of the Mother and Child. The researcher employs a historical research approach to gather both theoretical and empirical facts on this issue. It was discovered that in spite of the pragmatic and frantic efforts by different individuals, organizations, governments and non-governmental bodies in establishing a universal, healthy and safest method of breastfeeding through research, publications, workshops and so on, based on the unavoidable and uncompromising importance and benefits to maternal and child health, it is on record that the maternal behaviour is still obviously at variance to the acceptability of full breastfeeding as promulgated and declared by World Health Organization (WHO). A serious, dedicated, pragmatic and coordinated counseling approach is therefore recommended to be adopted to revive and strengthening a positive behaviour in women to foster positive attitude towards breastfeeding to guarantee 100% morbidity and mortality rate in Maternal and Child health.

Health Services for Pregnancy in Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsden G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
European Regional

In 1979, maternal and child health issues were discussed during the annual meeting of the 33 Member States of the European Region of the World Health Organization. During this discussion many countries expressed concern about the services offered for pregnancy, birth and the period following birth. The countries recognized that, as yet, unsolved problems remain which must be examined and they asked the European Regional Office of WHO to mount activities to study and report on these problems surrounding birth and birth care. In response to this request, the maternal and child health unit of the European Regional Office organized a Perinatal Study Group. The Group's 15 members came from 10 countries and spanned 10 professional disciplines: economics, epidemiology, health administration, midwifery, nursing, obstetrics, pediatrics, psychology, sociology, and statistics. For five years the Group conducted surveys, reviewed the literature and brought its own personal and professional experience to discussions of the health services for women and their babies, during pregnancy and birth, and after birth. The entire group met together at least once a year, at which time findings from the previous year's work were presented, followed by lengthy, sometimes heated, open and free discussions.

Topos and chronos of English country houseat the beginning of the XXth century in literature and cinema(the novel “The Remains of the Day” by Kazuo Ishiguro and a film by James Ivory)

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Anna S. Sholokhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Kazuo Ishiguro ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
James Ivory ◽  
Second World

The Stately-house novel takes a special place in the English classical literature. The estate here is of key importance in the image-structure of the work. The world of an English estate is reflected as a multi-faceted text, extremely enriched with cultural signs. Novel by Kazuo Ishiguro “The Remains of the Day” can be regarded as one of the examples of typical British aristocratic prose. The narrator and protagonist of the novel is a butler, who serves in the large English Stately home Darlington Hall. The family estate is considered by the hero as a symbol of order and harmony, and at the same time it personifies the ideal world of the past that is gradually fading away. In 1993 the director James Ivory made a film based on the Ishiguro’s novel. He created different visual images of an English estate on the screen with particular accuracy. Fictional Darlington Hall is a combination of several Stately homes located in the southwest of England. The novel by Kazuo Ishiguro and the film by J. Ivory are memories of a bygone era of British Empire, ended with the Second World War.

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