Stillfibel: The Basis of Natural Breast-Feeding (in German), by Dr. med. Henry Otto and Dr. med. Hedda-Maria Otto. Leipzig: Georg Thieme Publisher, 1972, 116 pp., no price given

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Author(s):  
Heinz F. Eichenwald
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Pathological Physiology ◽  
German Republic ◽  
East German

This small paperback book on breast-feeding was published in the East German Republic to fill a need for a guide for physicians requiring accurate scientific information. The authors, despite their obvious bias in favor of breast-feeding, approach the matter fairly and completely: beginning with the anatomy of the breast and the physiology of milk secretion, they discuss the pathological physiology of lactation, various diseases and conditions which affect milk secretion and quality, methods of suppressing lactation, and finally, how breast-feeding should be carried out, what the mother (and the father) should be told, what precautions the mother should take, her nutrition during lactation, and what arrangements society should make to encourage breast-feeding since, according to the authors, this is obviously a socially desirable goal.

scholarly journals Assessment of Barriers to Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Working Saudi Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 656-663
Author(s):  
Nisreen Kh. Aref Albezrah ◽  
Haneen Ali Alshehri ◽  
Raghad Hilal Alswat ◽  
Manal Saeed Almalki ◽  
Atheer Mohammed Al fuhayd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
The Western Region

Background: The World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children’s Fund recommend mothers to exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months of their life that should be initiated within the first hour after birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study included currently employed Saudi working mothers residing the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through email and social media. Each person meeting the inclusion criteria was provided informed consent, explaining the study aim, and ensuring the confidentiality of information. Data were obtained by filling out the designed Questionnaire. Result: This study included 692 working Saudi mothers. The frequency of exclusive breast feeding was 40.2%, which was continued by 29.8% only after returning to the work. Insufficient breast milk secretion (17.5%) and the lack or minimal support from the workplace for EBF (6.6%) were commonly stated by the mothers. There were great deficiencies in the breastfeeding friendly work policies including the absence of breast feeding or breast milk-pumping place (86.4%), absence of breastfeeding hours during work time (80.9%), and the presence of a strict full-time schedule that did not allow freely use of the nursing break. Conclusion: The present study shows low prevalence of exclusive breast feeding among working mothers in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Multiple barriers to continuing breast feeding have been detected. Insufficient breast milk secretion and the lack of breastfeeding friendly work policies were common reasons.

The origin and constitution of the East German republic

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Richard Samuel
Keyword(s):  
German Republic ◽  
East German

Effects of fasting, elevated plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentrations on milk secretion in women

1993 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Neville ◽  
V. S. Sawicki ◽  
W. W. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Fasting Level ◽  
Milk Volume

ABSTRACT In order to determine whether short term variations in plasma glucose and/or insulin influence milk lactose secretion in women, the effects of fasting and increased blood insulin and glucose on milk volume and composition were studied with glucose clamp methodology in exclusively and partially breast-feeding women. Twenty hours of fasting had no discernable effect on the output of milk or its macronutrient composition. Four hours of increased plasma insulin, studied under conditions where plasma glucose was maintained at the fasting level, had no effect on milk volume, milk glucose concentration, total fat content or lactose secretion rate. Increased plasma glucose, maintained at twice fasting levels for 4 to 6 h, produced a threefold increase in milk glucose concentration but had no significant effect on the rate of lactose synthesis. In partially breast-feeding women producing no more than 200 ml milk per day, a similar degree of hyperglycaemia increased milk glucose more than fourfold but did not significantly increase the milk secretion rate. It is concluded that human milk production is isolated from the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate glucose metabolism in the rest of the body, in part because the lactose synthetase system has a Km for glucose lower than the concentration available in the Golgi compartment. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 165–173

Pathogenetic features of the development and treatment оf lactostasise in different periods of breastfeeding

10.12737/6532 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Милькевич ◽  
I. Milkevich ◽  
Гусейнов ◽  
A. Guseynov ◽  
Гусейнов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Insufficient Milk

The actual problem of lactostasis in breast feeding is considered in this paper.The main causes of lactostasisare: excessive milk production at insufficient milk secretion from the lobules of the mammary glands; irregular and inadequate emptying of the breast, not correct attachment of the baby to the breast, i.e. not all lobules are equal "physiological” position. The authors considered predisposing factors of lactose in the first days after birth and active breastfeeding, as well as the development of tactics pathogenetic therapy. The work is based on the study of data examination and treatment of 39 patients with lactose, divided into 2 groups. In the first group the treatment consisted of local use of 1% progestogel; in the 2nd group - bromocriptine in tablets. The study showed that lactosis is especially typical for primapara women and for the first (1-2) months after delivery. The lactosis in the first days after delivery are more associated with impaired excretion of milk due to the low content of oxytocin and smooth muscle paresis ducts, this is confirmed by the effect of transdermal gel 1% progestogel. At other times one of the causes of lactosis is increased production or sufficient production of milk when it is insufficient excretion through milk ducts. The effect of bromocriptine in such cases is due to a reduc-tion of milk production in accordance with the ability of the system excretion of milk.

Physiology of lactation

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (S4) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Milk Ejection Reflex

SummaryIn adult life the human breast, unlike that of other species, is sufficiently developed to allow milk secretion to occur after only a brief period of hormonal stimulation. During pregnancy the ducts and secretory alveoli develop under the influence of both oestrogen and progesterone. Growth hormone and placental lactogen are not required; the role of prolactin in mammogenesis remains questionable. Lactogenesis, the onset of milk secretion, is inhibited during pregnancy despite high levels of prolactin, by a direct inhibitory action of steroids on the breast. The clearance of placental steroids after delivery removes this inhibition and milk secretion is initiated.Inhibition of prolactin secretion prevents milk secretion, suggesting that prolactin is the essential hormone for lactation in man. Prolactin release occurs in response to suckling and the amount released depends on the strength and duration of the suckling process. No release of prolactin occurs in response to stimuli other than stimulation of the nipple.Removal of milk from the mammary gland is effected by the milk-ejection reflex (MER) involving the release of oxytocin in response to suckling. Unlike prolactin, oxytocin may be released in response to stimuli associated with breast-feeding, e.g. the cry of the infant. The MER may be inhibited by psychological and physical stress, either by inhibiting oxytocin release or by preventing its action upon the breast contractile elements. The susceptibility of the MER to disturbance requires consideration when encouraging the establishment of breast-feeding.Breast-feeding is geared directly to the needs of the infant, since not only does the suckling infant obtain its present meal by inducing oxytocin release, but also by stimulating prolactin release it orders the next (Tindal, 1972).

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

NEW LINK IN EXCHANGE OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-346
Author(s):  
JOSEF BROZEK
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information
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