Human Milk in Premature Infant Feeding: Summary of a Workshop

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-743
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
And Child Health

Increasing interest in the utilization of human milk for the feeding of premature infants has been evident in the United States in the past few years and in the Scandinavian countries and several other parts of Europe for a longer time. Because premature infants exhibit even greater limitations of gastrointestinal and digestive functions and of immunologic status than do full-term infants, human milk may offer particular advantages. Such advantages include ready digestibility and absence of foreign proteins; in addition, it is possible that feeding of human milk may protect against enteric infections. In view of current interest in human milk for feeding premature infants, it seemed desirable to consider the possible associated benefits and risks. Such a consideration was undertaken on December 2 and 3, 1975, in Chevy Chase, Maryland, under the sponsorship of the Office for Maternal and Child Health, Bureau of Community Health Services, Health Service Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The meeting was attended by individuals believed knowledgeable about one or another area related to possible benefits and risks of feeding fresh or processed human milk by bottle or gavage to premature infants in hospitals. Participants in the workshop included representatives of two com- mittees of the American Academy of Pediatrics, two committees of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, and representatives of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Nursing Association, the Center for Disease Control, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Several representatives of the Office for Maternal and Child Health and of the Division of Clinical Services, Bureau of Community Health Service were also present.

Promoting Antenatal Care: Identifying Policy Levers in Indian Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Background The growing body of literature associates Antenatal Care (ANC) with early detection and prevention of maternal complications which in turn reduce the likelihood of maternal and infant death. Studies report that only about 40% of pregnant women in developing countries have attended four ANC visits. This situation mandates identifying policy levers for promoting ANC visits. Methods The study uses data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) India (2015-16). We analyze a sample of about 100,000 women in the age group of 15-49 years who gave birth in three years preceding the survey. Using the theory of health seeking behaviour we propose a conceptual model to understand the a) Predisposing factors; b) Enabling factors and c) Need factors affecting the ANC visits in Indian context. Results 17 % women in our sample never went for ANC. 46 % women in our sample went for at least four ANC visits. SEM analysis suggests that our structural model fits well with the sample data (RMSEA: 0.05; TFI: 0.93; SRMR: 0.038). Higher age, lower parity, higher awareness and higher levels of education significantly predisposes women to go for ANC visits. The significant (95% CI) enablers include higher socio-economic status, meeting with Community Health Worker (CHW) and enrolment in government sponsored nutrition support program. While health system barriers and personal barriers act as disablers. Bad obstetric history and health issues during pregnancy are significant need factors. Our analysis suggests that meeting CHWs increases ANC visits by 1.8 units and enrolment in nutrition support programme increases ANC visits by 1.4 units. Conclusions CHW and nutrition support programme are significant policy levers to promote ANC care and reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Antenatal care services must be included under universal health coverage domain to reduce financial barriers for women of low socio-economic strata Key messages Involvement of Community Health workers in the promotion of maternal and child health care is a cost-effective strategy. Nutrition support programmes through Anganwadi centres help advance maternal and child health care by promoting ANC care.

No effects of pilot performance-based intervention implementation and withdrawal on the coverage of maternal and child health services in the Koulikoro region, Mali: an interrupted time series analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
David Zombré ◽  
Manuela De Allegri ◽  
Valéry Ridde
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Performance-based financing (PBF) has been promoted and increasingly implemented across low- and middle-income countries to increase the utilization and quality of primary health care. However, the evidence of the impact of PBF is mixed and varies substantially across settings. Thus, further rigorous investigation is needed to be able to draw broader conclusions about the effects of this health financing reform. We examined the effects of the implementation and subsequent withdrawal of the PBF pilot programme in the Koulikoro region of Mali on a range of relevant maternal and child health indicators targeted by the programme. We relied on a control interrupted time series design to examine the trend in maternal and child health service utilization rates prior to the PBF intervention, during its implementation and after its withdrawal in 26 intervention health centres. The results for these 26 intervention centres were compared with those for 95 control health centres, with an observation window that covered 27 quarters. Using a mixed-effects negative binomial model combined with a linear spline regression model and covariates adjustment, we found that neither the introduction nor the withdrawal of the pilot PBF programme bore a significant impact in the trend of maternal and child health service use indicators in the Koulikoro region of Mali. The absence of significant effects in the health facilities could be explained by the context, by the weaknesses in the intervention design and by the causal hypothesis and implementation. Further inquiry is required in order to provide policymakers and practitioners with vital information about the lack of effects detected by our quantitative analysis.

scholarly journals Impact of conflict on maternal and child health service delivery: a country case study of Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiq Mirzazada ◽  
Zahra Ali Padhani ◽  
Sultana Jabeen ◽  
Malika Fatima ◽  
Arjumand Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
And Child Health

The Rising Burden of Preeclampsia in the United States Impacts Both Maternal and Child Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desi Peneva ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Amelia Sutton ◽  
Elizabeth Triche ◽  
Richard Ehrenkranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
And Child Health
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