Automated External Defibrillators: How HF/E Helps Win the Race against Time

Author(s):  
Tony Strawhun ◽  
Susan Murray

FEATURE AT A GLANCE: In emergency situations, time is critical. Because it takes time for an ambulance to arrive, many not-for-profits such as the American Red Cross and American Heart Association, along with many local emergency medical service unions, encourage the public to learn how to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use an automated external defibrillator (AED). Although AED technology can be life saving, there are several trade-offs in design features and innovations, which can be critical when designing or selecting the appropriate AED for a specific setting. This article focuses on the human factors engineering used by designers and manufacturers during the design and development of several modern AEDs, including a discussion of the trade-offs involved.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-742
Author(s):  

Aspiration of a foreign body is a common hazard in infancy and childhood. In the last 6 years, there has been a great effort to educate the public concerning the prevention of choking due to accidental aspiration of foods or small objects by children. Concomitantly, there has been a campaign to teach the first aid measures essential for evaluation and treatment of choking. HISTORIC OVERVIEW Much of the existing data regarding treatment of the choking child is anecdotal. In 1981, the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the American Academy of Pediatrics1 reviewed the available literature. The committee recommended that a foreign body in the upper airway be considered an immediate threat to life and that such a foreign body required urgent removal. In addition, the committee recognized the effectiveness of natural coughing and recommended that, if a choking child could breath and was able to speak and/or cough, all maneuvers were unnecessary and potentially dangerous. If the choking child could not breathe, cough, or make a sound, a series of back blows and chest thrusts was recommended. The committee recommendations resulted in a spirited controversy concerning the most effective management of the choking child.2-6 At the July 1985 National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the American Red Cross convened a panel on Management of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction to review and revise the past recommendations.


Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Pellegrino ◽  
Nathan P. Charlton ◽  
Jestin N. Carlson ◽  
Gustavo E. Flores ◽  
Craig A. Goolsby ◽  
...  

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Charlton ◽  
Jeffrey L. Pellegrino ◽  
Amy Kule ◽  
Tammy M. Slater ◽  
Jonathan L. Epstein ◽  
...  

This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association and American Red Cross first aid guidelines follows the completion of a systematic review of treatments for presyncope of vasovagal or orthostatic origin. This review was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation and resulted in the development of an international summary statement of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation First Aid Task Force Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations. This focused update highlights the evidence supporting specific interventions for presyncope of orthostatic or vasovagal origin and recommends the use of physical counterpressure maneuvers. These maneuvers include the contraction of muscles of the body such as the legs, arms, abdomen, or neck, with the goal of elevating blood pressure and alleviating symptoms. Although lower-body counterpressure maneuvers are favored over upper-body counterpressure maneuvers, multiple methods can be beneficial, depending on the situation.


Circulation ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (18_suppl_3) ◽  
pp. S934-S946 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Markenson ◽  
J. D. Ferguson ◽  
L. Chameides ◽  
P. Cassan ◽  
K.-L. Chung ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Crossman

Fulfilling a growing need to address the spectrum of problems, perceptions, and practices compromising students’ wellness, and as a tool for health promotion, new approaches to health education can enhance life quality, reduce health costs, and save lives. As one component to the broader area of health promotion, health education provides a valuable contribution to improved individual and community health. The health education course featured in this article approaches health from both life-enhancing and life-saving perspectives, integrating active learning as its primary methodology. Featured course framework, student learning outcomes, assignments, and learning activities may be adopted or refined by faculty and curriculum designers who provide students with community health education experiences including health promotion, disease/injury prevention, and sudden illness response. Course design was informed by Wiggins and McTighe’s Backward Design, national health education and American Red Cross standards, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Course learning activities use health education as a strategy in health promotion and disease/injury prevention, and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)/AED (automated external defibrillator)/first aid skills to potentially sustain life, reduce pain, and minimize consequences of injury or sudden illness. Throughout the course, students review and interpret emerging research and services relevant to contemporary health concerns. Subsequently using this knowledge in ways to educate and encourage healthy practices, students design and convey health-promoting messages enhanced by various media. Students attain essential skills by using health education strategies. Additionally, American Red Cross certification may be earned through this course, further developing capacities and skills needed to build a healthier campus community.


Author(s):  
Leigh Nanney Hersey

Social media is increasing becoming a prominent tool in today's nonprofit sector. By 2010, the largest 200 nonprofit organizations in the United States used social media as a tool to meet their goals (Barnes, n.d.). According to those surveyed the top reason for using social media is for increasing awareness of the organization's mission (90%). In studying the American Red Cross' use of social media, Briones, et al. (2011) found that the use of social media built relationships with the public. This chapter explores the success of a mid-sized nonprofit organization, CHOICES: Memphis Center for Reproductive Health, as it develops a strategic social media plan to increase awareness and support for the organization. Through this case study, we will address how this organization has used social media to advance its mission and the process used to develop performance metrics along the way.


1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Riegel

The American Heart Association is championing a national effort to make automated external defibrillators available to the public. Clinicians are beginning to grapple with the complexities involved in training laypersons to use these devices. The article reviews the experience of researchers involved in such training. Suggestions for training of nontraditional responders are derived from a review of the literature and are integrated with suggestions from active field investigators and the participants in a workshop on this topic held during the American Heart Association Public Access Defibrillation II Conference in Washington, DC (April 17-19, 1997). So far, widespread training of traditional first responders such as police and firefighters to use automated external defibrillators appears to be safe and effective. The data from studies in which nontraditional responders were trained are not as convincing. Further research is needed before we can assume that training of the public will be as easy and effective as training of traditional first responders.


2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schroeder ◽  
E. Alvarez ◽  
M. Steele ◽  
P. Malhotra ◽  
M. Mbipeh

According to the American Heart Association, approximately 166,200 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur each year. It is estimated that a victim's chances of survival are reduced by 7-10 percent for every minute that passes without treatment. Obviously, time is very critical in such situations. In most cardiac arrest cases, there is little to no warning to the victim that their heart has stopped and thus no time to notify others that emergency care is immediately required. To help alert the victim and others that a cardiac arrest episode has occurred, an ambulatory alarm and notification system has been built for individuals at high risk of cardiac arrest. The cardiac arrest alert system uses a ring-style photoplethysmograph that is connected to an armband unit which performs signal processing and wireless transmission and possesses an audible alarm. A wristband interface provides visual and tactile warnings, a reset button and a threshold adjuster. If the user's heart rate goes outside the preset range or is not detected by the system, a visual and tactile warning notifies the user of the situation. If the device is not reset or the problem not rectified within several seconds, the device then goes into full activation mode and sounds a loud alarm to notify nearby individuals who may be able to provide emergency assistance to the user. In full activation mode, the device also wirelessly transmits a signal to a central unit that, when signaled, automatically calls 911 and plays a pre-recorded message that states the incident and specifies the location. An additional phone number can also be stored so that another notification call is automatically performed. The central unit has a speaker so that the notification message is locally audible as well. In emergency situations, the cardiac arrest alert system will provide a life-saving service by rapidly alerting the user as well as nearby individuals and emergency respondents who can provide immediate assistance.


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