Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1991

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Final Data

Between 1990 and 1991, provisional data show that the infant mortality rate decreased again, from 9.1 to 8.9, a decline of 2% in contrast to the 7% decline from 1989 to 1990. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate stayed at about the same level as in 1990. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, was less than 2 million, 4% less than the increase in 1990. Detailed analysis of changes and of the influence of factors like age and race requires final data; at the time of preparation of this report final birth and death data were available only through 1989. For a variety of reasons, including staff shortages and delays in receipt of state data by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), final data for 1990, which would usually have been available in late August 1992, are not expected before early 1993. Unlike recent years, the decline in the infant mortality rate was only in the neonatal component, which decreased 3.6%. Postneonatal mortality increased, for the first time in many years, by 1.6%, suggesting that the decline in the total is related more to therapeutic advances in neonatology than to improved prevention. Internationally, newly independent Latvia was added to the list of countries with rates less than 15, but Costa Rica was deleted. With the reunification of Germany the list shrank to 28 and, by default, the United States moved up from 21st to 20th. Some 12.5 million births, less than 9% of the world total, took place in countries with under-5 mortality rates of less than 20 per 1000. At the other end of the scale, 42% of the world's births occurred in countries with under-5 mortality rates of more than 140 per 1000. The median under-5 mortality rate for those countries in 1990 was 189 per 1000, meaning that almost 20% of the infants born alive in these countries died before their fifth birthday.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1992

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-754
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Us

A new low in the infant mortality rate was reached in 1992, at 848.7 deaths per 100 000 live births, a decline of 5% from 894.4 in 1991. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate inched up to 4.8 per 1000 population, the same level as in 1988. The age-adjusted death rate was 504.9 per 100 000 population, the lowest in US history. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, decreased from 1 941 389 to 1 907 000, from 7.7 to 7.5 per 1000 population. Births outside hospital were fewer, both in numbers and in proportion to all births. Birth rates increased at both ends of the age range but declined in the principal childbearing years. Births to unmarried mothers increased again, comprising more than one fifth of white births and two thirds of black births. A higher proportion of newborns weighed less than 2500 g than in 1989. Life expectancy at birth increased again, to 75.7 years overall, paralleled in both sexes and white and black races. The age-adjusted death rate for cardiovascular diseases declined, but malignancies of the respiratory system increased again, to almost six times what it was in 1940. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, despite slight improvement since 1991, caused death more than eight times as often as in 1940. Black and white infant mortality rates both showed a decline, greater in the white neonatal component; the black/white discrepancy widened slightly. Infant mortality in those of Hispanic origin was slightly higher than non-Hispanic whites, but the National Center for Health Statistics warns that Hispanic rates may be understated. There was little change in causes of infant mortality, or in black to white ratios for the several causes. On the world scene, most industrialized countries showed declines in infant mortality matching the US. In 1991, 21 countries, 15 in Europe, 3 in Asia, 2 in Oceania, and 1 in North America, had infant mortality rates less than the US. The decline in most other countries has been more rapid than in the US.

Mortality Rates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
S. GORHAM BABSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
December Issue ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
To Receive

We are fortunate to receive Myron Wegman's annual summary of vital statistics in the December issue of Pediatrics. This valuable information is not readily available to the pediatrician. I am somewhat discomforted by the emphasis continually made by health authorities and lay press on the United States' unfavorable international position in its infant mortality rate of 10.4 per 1000 live-born infants—now 19th in relation to other advanced countries for 1986. However, eight of these countries have less than 100 000 births each year, and most of them have relative ethnic homogeneity.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1993

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Older Mothers

A new low in the infant mortality rate was reached again in 1993, at 828.8 deaths per 100 000 live births, a decline of 2% from 848.7 in 1992. Births, marriages, and divorces were all lower, both in number and rate. Deaths and the death rate, however, both increased and, more significantly, the age-adjusted death rate increased. A likely explanation is the occurrence of influenza epidemics in early and late 1993. The rate of natural increase declined 8%, to a level of 6.9 per 1000 population. Final figures on births for 1992 indicate that, for the first time in many years, birth rates to teen-agers declined, more among black mothers than white. Increase in birth rate among older mothers continued at a somewhat slower rate than recently; older mothers tended to be better educated than the general population in their age groups. Total fertility rates were higher among mothers of Hispanic origin than among non-Hispanic blacks who, in turn, had higher rates than non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanics the highest rates were in those of Mexican origin. Unlike recent years, birth rates to unmarried mothers did not increase in 1992. Prenatal care coverage improved, with more mothers seeking care early and fewer receiving late or no care. Electronic and fetal monitoring was performed on more than three-quarters of all births and ultrasound on more than half. Life expectancy decreased slightly, in contrast to recent years. Among major causes of death, increases were recorded in 1993 for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia and influenza, and HIV infection, the latter having the largest percentage increase. Internationally, infant mortality rates in most other industrialized countries declined further in 1992. Comparatively, as in 1991, 21 other countries had infant mortality rates lower than the United States.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
First Time

FOR THE first time in many years, it is necessary to report that the infant mortality rate has increased over the preceding year. From 1936 through 1956 the infant mortality rate had declined steadily each year, decreasing 54% during this period from the figure of 57.1 per 1,000 live births for 1936 to 26.1 in 1956. These and other basic data on vital statistics in the United States are reported each year in preliminary form by the National Office of Vital Statistics in its regular publication Monthly Vital Statistics Report. The data in this column are taken from this year's summary, published in Volume 6, No. 13, of Monthly Vital Statistics Report on April 9, 1958, from which Figure 1 and Table I (abridged) are reproduced. It is to be noted that although this report is based on estimates they are nevertheless considered quite reliable. Previous experience has shown that the final report is not significantly different from the estimates and for all practical purposes the latter present the correct situation. In 1956, for example, the final report indicated that the actual number of infant deaths was approximately one-tenth of 1% below the estimate. NATURE AND SOURCE OF DATA Birth and death figures in the Monthly Vital Statistics Report summarize information from monthly reports of the numbers of birth and death certificates received in registration offices between two dates a month apart, regardless of when the events occurred. Final figures, by contrast, are obtained from copies of certificates received in the National Office of Vital Statistics for events actually occurring in the reporting year.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Birth Weight Discordance and Adverse Infant Mortality among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins in Japan, 1995–2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUsing vital statistics in Japan (1995–2008), 154,578 live-born twin pairs (128,236 monozygotic [MZ] and 180,920 dizygotic [DZ]) were identified. The proportion of severe discordance among live-born twin births was twice as high in Japanese than Caucasian infants. There were 1858 MZ and 1620 DZ infant deaths. Computation of the relationship between infant mortality rate and birth weight discordance among the twins was performed. Discordance levels were classified into seven groups: <5%, five groups from 5–9% to 25–29%, and ≥30%.The mortality rate was significantly higher in MZ than DZ twins for discordances except at 5–9% and 10–14%. The lowest rate for MZ twins was at 5–9% (7.5 per 1000 live twins) and significantly increased from 10–14% (9.4) to ≥30% (83.4), while the lowest rate for DZ twins was at <5% (6.7), which significantly increased at 10–14% (8.0) and from 25–29% (12.1) to ≥30% (35.5). The relationship was also computed in two gestational age groups (<28 and ≥28 weeks). For births at <28 weeks, three discordances (after 20–24%) in MZ twins were associated with adverse mortality rate. For births at ≥28 weeks, the same relationship was obtained after 10–14% in MZ and after 20–24% in DZ twins. The relationship from 2002 to 2008 showed that the mortality rates significantly increased after 10–14% for both types of twins. In conclusion, five discordance levels in MZ and three levels in DZ twins were associated with adverse mortality rates.

scholarly journals Evolution and current state of global research on paediatric resuscitation: a systematic scientometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean S. Scholz ◽  
Rainer Borgstedt ◽  
Leoni C. Menzel ◽  
Sebastian Rehberg ◽  
Gerrit Jansen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Hirsch Index ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Infant Mortality

Abstract Background Paediatric resuscitation is rare but potentially associated with maximal lifetime reduction. Notably, several nations experience high infant mortality rates even today. To improve clinical outcomes and promote research, detailed analyses on evolution and current state of research on paediatric resuscitation are necessary. Methods Research on paediatric resuscitation published in-between 1900 and 2019 were searched using Web of Science. Metadata were extracted and analyzed based on the science performance evaluation (SciPE) protocol. Research performance was evaluated regarding quality and quantity over time, including comparisons to adult resuscitation. National research performance was related to population, financial capacities, infant mortality rate, collaborations, and authors’ gender. Results Similar to adult resuscitation, research performance on paediatric resuscitation grew exponentially with most original articles being published during the last decade (1106/1896). The absolute number, however, is only 14% compared to adults. The United States dominate global research by contributing the highest number of articles (777), Hirsch-Index (70), and citations (18,863). The most productive collaboration was between the United States and Canada (52). When considering nation’s population and gross domestic product (GDP) rate, Norway is leading regarding population per article (62,467), per Hirsch-Index (223,841), per citation (2226), and per GDP (2.3E-04). Regarding publications per infant mortality rate, efforts of India and Brazil are remarkable. Out of the 100 most frequently publishing researchers, 25% were female. Conclusion Research efforts on paediatric resuscitation have increased but remain underrepresented. Specifically, nations with high infant mortality rates should be integrated by collaborations. Additional efforts are required to overcome gender disparities.

scholarly journals Evolution and Current State of Global Research on Paediatric Resuscitation: A Systematic Scientometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean S. Scholz ◽  
Rainer Borgstedt ◽  
Leoni C. Menzel ◽  
Sebastian Rehberg ◽  
Gerrit Jansen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Hirsch Index ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Infant Mortality

Abstract Background:Paediatric resuscitation is rare but potentially associated with maximallifetime reduction. Notably, there are still today high infant mortality rates in several nations. To improve clinical outcomes and promote research detailed analyses on evolution and current state of research on paediatric resuscitation are necessary.Methods:Research on paediatric resuscitation published in-between 1900-2019 weresearched using Web of Science. Metadata were extracted and resolved based on the science performance evaluation (SciPE) protocol. Research performance was evaluated regarding quality and quantity over time, including comparisons to adult resuscitation. National research performance was related to population, financial capacities, infant mortality rate, collaborations, and authors gender.Results:Similar to adult resuscitation research performance on paediatric resuscitationgrew exponentially with most original articles being published during the last decade (1,106/1,896). The absolute number, however, is only 14% compared to adults. The United States dominate global research by contributing the highest number of articles (777), Hirsch-Index (70), and citations (18,863). The most productive collaboration was between the United States and Canada (52). When considering nation’s population and gross domestic product (GDP) rate, Norway is leading regarding population per article (62,467), per Hirsch-Index (223,841), per citation (2,226), and per GDP (2.3E- 04). Regarding publications per infant mortality rate, efforts of India and Brazil are remarkable. Out of the 100 most frequently publishing researchers, 25% were female.Conclusion: Research efforts on paediatric resuscitation have increased but remainunderrepresented. Specifically, nations with high infant mortality rates should be integrated by collaborations. Additional efforts are required to overcome gender disparities.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1978

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-842
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Live Births ◽  
First Year Of Life

Continued decrease in infant mortality and relative stability in the other major indices highlight 1978 vital data (Table 1)2. The provisional infant mortality rate of 13.6 deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 live births set a new record, 3.5% below the final rate of 14.1 in 1977. Births in 1978 were slightly higher in number but, with the natural increase in the population, the birth rate was slightly lower than in 1977. The crude death rate, marriage rate, and divorce rate were all up slightly. BIRTHS Estimated live births in 1978 totaled 3,329,000,2 fractionally higher than the final figure for 1977.

scholarly journals Evolution and current state of global research on paediatric resuscitation: A systematic scientometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean S. Scholz ◽  
Rainer Borgstedt ◽  
Leoni C. Menzel ◽  
Sebastian Rehberg ◽  
Gerrit Jansen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Hirsch Index ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Infant Mortality

Abstract Background: Paediatric resuscitation is rare but potentially associated with maximal lifetime reduction. Notably, several nations experience high infant mortality rates even today. To improve clinical outcomes and promote research, detailed analyses on evolution and current state of research on paediatric resuscitation are necessary. Methods: Research on paediatric resuscitation published in-between 1900-2019 were searched using Web of Science. Metadata were extracted and analyzed based on the science performance evaluation (SciPE) protocol. Research performance was evaluated regarding quality and quantity over time, including comparisons to adult resuscitation. National research performance was related to population, financial capacities, infant mortality rate, collaborations, and authors´ gender. Results: Similar to adult resuscitation, research performance on paediatric resuscitation grew exponentially with most original articles being published during the last decade (1,106/1,896). The absolute number, however, is only 14% compared to adults. The United States dominate global research by contributing the highest number of articles (777), Hirsch-Index (70), and citations (18,863). The most productive collaboration was between the United States and Canada (52). When considering nation’s population and gross domestic product (GDP) rate, Norway is leading regarding population per article (62,467), per Hirsch-Index (223,841), per citation (2,226), and per GDP (2.3E-04). Regarding publications per infant mortality rate, efforts of India and Brazil are remarkable. Out of the 100 most frequently publishing researchers, 25% were female. Conclusion: Research efforts on paediatric resuscitation have increased but remain underrepresented. Specifically, nations with high infant mortality rates should be integrated by collaborations. Additional efforts are required to overcome gender disparities.

Factors Affecting Reports of Neonatal Deaths in United States and Elsewhere

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1042
Author(s):  
Laurance N. Nickey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

Again, I have read that the United States' infant mortality rate is "a disgrace and totally unacceptable," that the Nation's infant mortality rate is 21.7 per 1000 live births, and that there are 12 countries which have lower infant mortality rates than the United States. I would very much like to challenge the Editorial Board of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatrics to help clarify this somewhat mysterious but often quoted figure. I would like to see in print an authoritative report outlining the criteria for neonatal death as used in this country and its several states, and also the countries that are commonly listed in the forefront, in so far as infant mortality rates are concerned.

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