scholarly journals The Relationship between Birth Weight Discordance and Adverse Infant Mortality among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins in Japan, 1995–2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUsing vital statistics in Japan (1995–2008), 154,578 live-born twin pairs (128,236 monozygotic [MZ] and 180,920 dizygotic [DZ]) were identified. The proportion of severe discordance among live-born twin births was twice as high in Japanese than Caucasian infants. There were 1858 MZ and 1620 DZ infant deaths. Computation of the relationship between infant mortality rate and birth weight discordance among the twins was performed. Discordance levels were classified into seven groups: <5%, five groups from 5–9% to 25–29%, and ≥30%.The mortality rate was significantly higher in MZ than DZ twins for discordances except at 5–9% and 10–14%. The lowest rate for MZ twins was at 5–9% (7.5 per 1000 live twins) and significantly increased from 10–14% (9.4) to ≥30% (83.4), while the lowest rate for DZ twins was at <5% (6.7), which significantly increased at 10–14% (8.0) and from 25–29% (12.1) to ≥30% (35.5). The relationship was also computed in two gestational age groups (<28 and ≥28 weeks). For births at <28 weeks, three discordances (after 20–24%) in MZ twins were associated with adverse mortality rate. For births at ≥28 weeks, the same relationship was obtained after 10–14% in MZ and after 20–24% in DZ twins. The relationship from 2002 to 2008 showed that the mortality rates significantly increased after 10–14% for both types of twins. In conclusion, five discordance levels in MZ and three levels in DZ twins were associated with adverse mortality rates.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1991

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Final Data

Between 1990 and 1991, provisional data show that the infant mortality rate decreased again, from 9.1 to 8.9, a decline of 2% in contrast to the 7% decline from 1989 to 1990. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate stayed at about the same level as in 1990. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, was less than 2 million, 4% less than the increase in 1990. Detailed analysis of changes and of the influence of factors like age and race requires final data; at the time of preparation of this report final birth and death data were available only through 1989. For a variety of reasons, including staff shortages and delays in receipt of state data by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), final data for 1990, which would usually have been available in late August 1992, are not expected before early 1993. Unlike recent years, the decline in the infant mortality rate was only in the neonatal component, which decreased 3.6%. Postneonatal mortality increased, for the first time in many years, by 1.6%, suggesting that the decline in the total is related more to therapeutic advances in neonatology than to improved prevention. Internationally, newly independent Latvia was added to the list of countries with rates less than 15, but Costa Rica was deleted. With the reunification of Germany the list shrank to 28 and, by default, the United States moved up from 21st to 20th. Some 12.5 million births, less than 9% of the world total, took place in countries with under-5 mortality rates of less than 20 per 1000. At the other end of the scale, 42% of the world's births occurred in countries with under-5 mortality rates of more than 140 per 1000. The median under-5 mortality rate for those countries in 1990 was 189 per 1000, meaning that almost 20% of the infants born alive in these countries died before their fifth birthday.

Infant Mortality Among Singletons and Twins in Japan During 1999–2008 on the Basis of Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Kazuo Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births

The infant mortality rate (IMR) among single and twin births from 1999 to 2008 was analyzed using Japanese Vital Statistics. The IMR was 5.3-fold higher in twins than in singletons in 1999 and decreased to 3.9-fold in 2008. The reduced risk of infant mortality in twins relative to singletons may be related, partially, to survival rates, which improved after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin — twin transfusion syndrome. The proportion of neonatal deaths among total infant deaths was 54% for singletons and 74% for twins. Thus, intensive care of single and twin births may be very important during the first month of life to reduce the IMR. The IMR decreased as gestational age (GA) rose in singletons, whereas the IMR in twins decreased as GA rose until 37 weeks and increased thereafter. The IMR was significantly higher in twins than in singletons from the shortest GA (<24 weeks) to 28 weeks as well as ≥38 weeks, whereas the IMR was significantly higher in singletons than in twins from 30 to 36 weeks. As for maternal age, the early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates as well as the IMR in singletons were significantly higher in the youngest maternal age group than in the oldest one, whereas the opposite result was obtained in twins. The lowest IMR in singletons was 1.1 per 1,000 live births for ≥38 weeks of gestation and heaviest birth weight (≥2,000 g), while the lowest IMR in twins was 1.8 at 37 weeks and ≥2,000 g.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
First Time

FOR THE first time in many years, it is necessary to report that the infant mortality rate has increased over the preceding year. From 1936 through 1956 the infant mortality rate had declined steadily each year, decreasing 54% during this period from the figure of 57.1 per 1,000 live births for 1936 to 26.1 in 1956. These and other basic data on vital statistics in the United States are reported each year in preliminary form by the National Office of Vital Statistics in its regular publication Monthly Vital Statistics Report. The data in this column are taken from this year's summary, published in Volume 6, No. 13, of Monthly Vital Statistics Report on April 9, 1958, from which Figure 1 and Table I (abridged) are reproduced. It is to be noted that although this report is based on estimates they are nevertheless considered quite reliable. Previous experience has shown that the final report is not significantly different from the estimates and for all practical purposes the latter present the correct situation. In 1956, for example, the final report indicated that the actual number of infant deaths was approximately one-tenth of 1% below the estimate. NATURE AND SOURCE OF DATA Birth and death figures in the Monthly Vital Statistics Report summarize information from monthly reports of the numbers of birth and death certificates received in registration offices between two dates a month apart, regardless of when the events occurred. Final figures, by contrast, are obtained from copies of certificates received in the National Office of Vital Statistics for events actually occurring in the reporting year.

Concealed Infant Deaths in Turkey and Regional Inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Onur Hamzaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The primary purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are infant deaths not included in infant mortality rate calculations declared by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health since 2009, and if so, to investigate the dimension of these deaths. The secondary purpose of this study was to calculate the presence, magnitude, and the direction of change of interregional inequalities over the years. The study revealed that infant mortality rates included in statistics by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health since 2009 do not reflect real mortality rates and conceal 36% to 57% of infant deaths occurring annually. In addition, the study also showed an increase in interregional inequalities over the years with respect to infant mortality rates.

scholarly journals Trends in Infant mortality rate and mortality for neonates born at less than 32 weeks and with very low birth weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mauricio Barría-Pailaquilén ◽  
Yessy Mendoza-Maldonado ◽  
Yohana Urrutia-Toro ◽  
Cristian Castro-Mora ◽  
Gema Santander-Manríquez
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Year 2000

The aim of the study was to assess the trend of the infant mortality rate between 1990-2004 and the neonatal mortality between 2000-2005 in infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age or with very low birth-weight. Based on secondary data, infant mortality rate and by its component for Valdivia city were compared with national indicators. Mortality at <32 weeks and <1500g was calculated, establishing causes of death and evaluating its relation with specific interventions, such as the use of surfactant and antenatal corticoids. Since the year 2000, infant mortality rates have stopped their decrease in comparison to the preceding decade and the gap between national and local rates before 2000 was drastically reduced. Mortality at <32 weeks and <1500g varied between 88‰ and 200‰ of liveborns, emphasizing respiratory distress as the main cause of death. The use of corticoids and surfactant was in line with reductions in mortality rates.

Analysis of demographic data collected in a rural area of Kenya

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. W. Van Vianen ◽  
J. K. Van Ginneken
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Fertility Estimate

SummaryIn the area studied in the Machakos Project the total fertility estimate amounts to 7·46, which is somewhat lower than reported in the preceding article (van Ginneken et al., 1984). Evidence is provided that the low observed infant mortality rate of 49 per 1000 live births is plausible; this rate is in accordance with the relatively low and rapidly declining infant mortality rates found in Kenya. No accurate estimate on adult mortality could be obtained, probably due to serious overstatement of ages in the older age groups.

INCREASING PRE-TERM AND LOW-BIRTH- WEIGHT RATES OVER TIME AND THEIR IMPACT ON INFANT MORTALITY IN SOUTH-EAST BRAZIL

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO ZUBARAN GOLDANI ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO BARBIERI ◽  
ROBERTO JORGE RONA ◽  
ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO MOURA DA SILVA ◽  
HELOISA BETTIOL
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Term Births ◽  
The City

This study investigates the possible effects of pre-term births and low birth weight on infant mortality rates (IMRs) over a 15-year period in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, based on surveys carried out in 1978/79 and 1994. The 1978/79 survey included 6750 births over a 12-month period and the 1994 survey 2846 births over a 4-month period. Infant deaths were retrieved monthly from the city register. Infant mortality rate decreased from 36·6 to 16·9 deaths per 1000 over 15 years. The decrease in IMR was larger in the 2500–2999 g group than in any other group. The observed falls in IMR were attributable to decreases in birth-weight-specific mortality rates. Likewise, there was a general decrease in IMR in mild, moderate and severe pre-term births. The incidence rate ratio of infant mortality between surveys was 0·46 (95% CI 0·34–0·63); it increased to 0·57 (95% CI 0·35–0·75) when adjusted for birth weight and other factors in the model and rose to 0·69 (95% CI 0·49–0·97) when adjusted for length of gestation and other variables. The increase in pre-term births and low birth weight may have had, at most, a marginal effect on the IMR. Progress in the care of newborns may have decreased the mortality risk, but even mild pre-term birth still has an impact on infant mortality. There is room for further improvement in IMR by tackling the high rates of pre-term birth.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1967

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-909
Author(s):  
Marcel Bratu
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Know How ◽  
Continuous Decrease

I am pleased with the continuous decrease of the infant mortality rate. As a pediatrician involved in community programs as well as in hospital programs, I feel that some data have to be presented in evaluating the infant mortality rate. For instance, it will be helpful to know how much of the infant mortality the neonatal death rate represents and how much of the neonatal death the prenatal death rate represents. After this breakdown, let us compare with other countries the infant mortality rate divided in age groups: 0 to 1 month, 1 to 3 months or 1 to 6 months, and 6 to 12 months.

scholarly journals An exploration of the effects of pandemic influenza on infant mortality in Toronto, 1917–1921

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Stacey Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Infant Deaths

This study investigates infant mortality from pandemic influenza in Toronto, Canada, from September to December 1918, through theRegistered Death Records of the Province of Ontario. A comparison of infant deaths in 1918 to surrounding years (1917–21) revealedthat although mortality rates remained relatively stable, there were changes in the mortality profile during the epidemic. Deaths frominfluenza did increase slightly, and the epidemic altered the expected sex ratio of infant deaths. Although communities may be greatly strained by an influenza epidemic, the infant mortality rate may be more representative of long-term social and environmental conditions rather than acute, intensive crises.

Mortality Rates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
S. GORHAM BABSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
December Issue ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
To Receive

We are fortunate to receive Myron Wegman's annual summary of vital statistics in the December issue of Pediatrics. This valuable information is not readily available to the pediatrician. I am somewhat discomforted by the emphasis continually made by health authorities and lay press on the United States' unfavorable international position in its infant mortality rate of 10.4 per 1000 live-born infants—now 19th in relation to other advanced countries for 1986. However, eight of these countries have less than 100 000 births each year, and most of them have relative ethnic homogeneity.

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