Role of the Pediatrician in Prevention and Management of Substance Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Substances

The past three decades have been marked by an increasing recognition of the responsibility of pediatricians to their patients and their patients' families regarding the diagnosis and management of abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances of abuse including prescription drugs. Because of the harmful consequences, substance abuse is an obvious concern for all those who care for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. When it occurs during pregnancy, it has been associated with an increased incidence of prematurity; congenital defects, including brain damage; and even death. The pediatrician must be prepared to address this commonplace issue as a part of routine health care, starting with the prenatal visit and continuing as a part of all anticipatory guidance. Familiarity with the extent and nature of drug use, as well as the health and social consequences, has become a necessary part of the body of pediatric knowledge.1-9 The pediatrician should possess or develop the skills necessary to determine which young patients are at risk for substance abuse and chemical dependence and should also be able to offer appropriate prevention or treatment counseling to the child, adolescent, and his or her family, or make a referral to a source where such counseling can be obtained. PERVASIVENESS OF DRUG USE The pattern of substance abuse among teenagers has undergone significant change during the past 25 years. Prior to the late 1960s, the abuse of psychoactive drugs and alcohol was predominantly an adult phenomenon. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, substance abuse became widespread among adolescents and, more recently, preadolescents.

The Role of the Pediatrician in Substance Abuse Counseling

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-252
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substance Abuse Counseling ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Community Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Numbers

The past two decades have been marked by both an increasing recognition of the pediatrician's responsibilities toward the adolescent and the emergence of substance abuse as a critical concern for those who care for children and youth. The use and abuse of psychoactive substances have become common even among young adolescents, and the pediatrician must be prepared to address this issue as part of routine health care. In addition, the counsel of the pediatrician regarding substance abuse is often sought by families, schools, and community agencies. Familiarity with the extent and nature of adolescent drug use, as well as the health consequences of such use, has become a necessary part of the body of pediatric knowledge. The pediatrician must possess the skills necessary to determine which young patients are at risk from substance abuse and be able to offer appropriate counseling to the adolescent and his or her family so as to minimize the risk of future illness and dysfunction. The pattern of substance abuse among teenagers has undergone rapid change during the past 15 years. During the late 1960s the abuse of psychoactive drugs, previously a predominantly adult phenomenon, became widespread among adolescents. Opiates, amphetamines, barbiturates, hallucinogens, and inhalants were all used and abused by large numbers of teenagers.1 The use of tobacco in this age group represents a significant health threat, and during the past decade the use of cocaine and other intoxicants, in particular alcohol and marijuana, has increased dramatically among adolescents. These drugs now cause major concern to those who provide health care for teenagers.

Recreational Prescription Drug Use Among College Students

NASPA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan A Kolek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Research University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Other Substances

The purpose of this study was to explore recreational prescription drug use among undergraduate students. Although anecdotal accounts on this subject abound, empirical research is extremely limited. Data from a survey of a random sample of 734 students at a large public research university in the Northeast were examined. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of students reported having used prescription drugs for recreational purposes in the year prior to survey administration. Recreational prescription drug use was positively associated with the use of other substances including alcohol. Recreational prescription drug users were also more likely than other drug users to report negative consequences as a result of their drug use. Implications for future research and for student affairs are discussed.

Five Poems

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Sassy Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
American English ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Sexual Trauma ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Past

A grandmother’s lost leg. A mother’s scarred sacrum. A daughter transformed into stone. In these five poems, history dwells in the body, the past deep in the bone. Confronting themes of poverty, intimate partner violence, and childhood sexual trauma, the poems speak to the varying ways the poet and women in her family have insisted on survival. These poems bear shifts in landscape and language, namely, from St. Lucia to the United States, from Antillean Creole to American English. Part of a manuscript in progress, the poems seek to probe inherited and lived-through pain so as to move the spirit ever more deeply toward healing, wholeness, and promise.

scholarly journals Recreational ketamine-related deaths notified to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, England, 1997–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110215
Author(s):  
John Martin Corkery ◽  
Wan-Chu Hung ◽  
Hugh Claridge ◽  
Christine Goodair ◽  
Caroline S Copeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death

Background: Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative with dissociative anaesthetic properties. Increasing numbers of individuals in England take ketamine recreationally. Information on deaths arising from such use in England is presented. Methods: Cases were extracted on 31 January 2020 from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths database, based on text searches of the cause of death, coroner’s verdict and positive toxicology results for the terms ‘ketamine’ or ‘norketamine’. Findings: During 1997–2005, there were <5 deaths p.a. in which ketamine was implicated. Numbers increased until 2009 (21), plateauing until 2016; thereafter, deaths have risen to about 30 p.a. Decedents’ characteristics ( N = 283): male 84.1%, mean age 31.2 (SD 10.0) years, employed 56.5%, drug use history 79.6% and living with others 60.3%. Ketamine was detected with other substances in most cases. Main (74.6%) underlying cause of death was accidental poisoning. Ketamine may have impaired judgement in other cases. Conclusions: Although controlled, recreational ketamine use and related fatalities continue to increase. Consumers need to be more aware of the potentially fatal risks they face.

scholarly journals National Drug Control Policy and Prescription Drug Abuse: Facts and Fallacies

2007 ◽  
Vol 3;10 (5;3) ◽  
pp. 399-424
Author(s):  
Laxmaiah Manchikanti
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Prescription Drug Abuse ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Nonmedical Use ◽  
National Drug Control Policy

In a recent press release Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Chairman and President of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University called for a major shift in American attitudes about substance abuse and addiction and a top to bottom overhaul in the nation’s healthcare, criminal justice, social service, and eduction systems to curtail the rise in illegal drug use and other substance abuse. Califano, in 2005, also noted that while America has been congratulating itself on curbing increases in alcohol and illicit drug use and in the decline in teen smoking, abuse and addition of controlled prescription drugs-opioids, central nervous system depressants and stimulants-have been stealthily, but sharply rising. All the statistics continue to show that prescription drug abuse is escalating with increasing emergency department visits and unintentional deaths due to prescription controlled substances. While the problem of drug prescriptions for controlled substances continues to soar, so are the arguments of undertreatment of pain. The present state of affairs show that there were 6.4 million or 2.6% Americans using prescription-type psychotherapeutic drugs nonmedically in the past month. Of these, 4.7 million used pain relievers. Current nonmedical use of prescription-type drugs among young adults aged 18-25 increased from 5.4% in 2002 to 6.3% in 2005. The past year, nonmedical use of psychotherapeutic drugs has increased to 6.2% in the population of 12 years or older with 15.172 million persons, second only to marijuana use and three times the use of cocaine. Parallel to opioid supply and nonmedical prescription drug use, the epidemic of medical drug use is also escalating with Americans using 80% of world’s supply of all opioids and 99% of hydrocodone. Opioids are used extensively despite a lack of evidence of their effectiveness in improving pain or functional status with potential side effects of hyperalgesia, negative hormonal and immune effects, addiction and abuse. The multiple reasons for continued escalation of prescription drug abuse and overuse are lack of education among all segments including physicians, pharmacists, and the public; ineffective and incoherent prescription monitoring programs with lack of funding for a national prescription monitoring program NASPER; and a reactive approach on behalf of numerous agencies. This review focuses on the problem of prescription drug abuse with a discussion of facts and fallacies, along with proposed solutions. Key words: Prescription drug abuse, opioid abuse, opioid misuse, National Drug Control Policy, NASPER, prescription drug monitoring programs.

Performance Enhancing Drug Use in Athletes

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-395
Author(s):  
John Salemi ◽  
James T. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Ergogenic aids include prescription and OTC drugs. Many other substances are used for the purpose of enhancing performance. These include black market anabolic steroids, sympathomimetics, vitamins, and nutritional supplements. The effectiveness of these aids varies from potent to non-effective. There is no controversy about the adverse effects of prescription drugs in therapeutic doses. There is widespread confusion about what athletes really do to themselves when taking OTC drugs and dietary supplements containing drugs in large doses or black market drugs at doses and schedules that are user determined. To the extent that any athlete can enhance performance by taking ergogenics, they expose themselves to harm and put pressure on their competitors to join in or be defeated. It is essential to keep the population of competitive athletes informed by bridging the gap between “street knowledge” of ergogenics and the pharmacists' obligation to advise against harmful consequences.

scholarly journals Sports betting in Serbia- National survey on lifestyles in Serbia: substance abuse and gambling

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Todorovic ◽  
Z Terzic-Supic ◽  
P Piperac ◽  
J Divjak
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prescription Drug Use

Abstract Background Sports betting has been one of the gambling games which are strongly associated with problem gambling. The aim of our study was to examine the association of social (socio-demographic and socio-economic) and lifestyle characteristics of sports bettors in Serbia. Methods The cross-sectional study was the secondary analysis of the data from the National Survey on lifestyles in Serbia: substance abuse and gambling, conducted during 2014. The questionnaire consisted of 158 items. The first part was on socio-demographic characteristics. The second was on lifestyle characteristics with Beverage Specific Quantity Frequency - BSQF Instrument developed during Standardized measurement of Alcohol-related troubles-SMART project, Kessler psychological distress scale, Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), use of illicit drugs, and prescription/ non-medical prescription drug use. The sports betting was assessed with yes/ no question: 'Have you played sports betting in the past 30 days?' Results The 10% of participants reported sports betting in the past 30 days. The sports betting was associated with being male (OR:11.22, 95% CI: 7.62-16.53), aged 18-44 (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.07), living in urban areas (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.41-2.28), being single (OR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.72), having secondary education (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.98), being unemployed (OR: 2.71, 95% CI:1.35-5.45), employed (OR: 3.00, 95 % CI: 1.53-5.90), or student (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.83-8.17), binge-drinking (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.39-2.71), non-medical prescription drug use (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.22-2.59) and low/ moderate (OR: 12.82, 95% CI: 8.50-19.33), and problem gambling (OR: 43.38, 95% CI: 11.75-160.11). Conclusions The association of sports betting with risk behaviors among young males should be a concern for public health authorities. Key messages The prevalence of the past 30 days betting in Serbia is 10%. Sports betting is associated with risk behaviors.

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