Noninvasive Monitoring of Oxygenation in Infants and Children: Practical Considerations and Areas of Concern

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-746
Author(s):  
Christian F. Poets ◽  
David P. Southall
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Movement Artifact ◽  
Sensor Temperature ◽  
Technical Principles ◽  
Pulse Oximeters ◽  
In Infants And Children

Objective. To review the technical principles of transcutaneous Po2 (tcPo2) monitors and pulse oximeters and to discuss methodological and practical issues related to the use of these devices in infants and children. Design. Literature review and summary of personal experience. Results. tcPo2 measurements are influenced by skin thickness, sensor temperature, amount of contact gel used, and state of peripheral perfusion. The average in vivo response time to a rapid decrease in Pao2 is approximately 16 seconds. Sensitivity to both hypoxemia (Pao2 < 50 mm Hg) and hyperoxemia (Pao2 > 80 to 100 mm Hg) is approximately 85%. Pulse oximeters require careful sensor placement (to avoid optical shunts) and adequate pulse pressures (> 20 mm Hg). They are prone to movement artifact. There are considerable differences in bias and precision between different brands, resulting, for example, in quite different upper alarm limits required to detect hyperoxemia reliably. The normal range of oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry, measured with one brand of pulse oximeter (Nellcor) during regular breathing, is 95% to 100% in preterm infants and 97% to 100% in full-term infants and children. Conclusions. Because both devices have their specific shortfalls, they should ideally be used in combination, particularly in critically ill preterm neonates. Where this is not feasible or necessary, clinicians must be aware of the limitations of the device they are using.

scholarly journals Fecal S100A12 in Healthy Infants and Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Day ◽  
M. Ehn ◽  
R. B. Gearry ◽  
D. A. Lemberg ◽  
S. T. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
In Infants And Children

Background and Aims. Fecal S100A12 is shown to be a useful noninvasive marker of gut inflammation. However, the studies to date have not characterised the patterns of expression in healthy young children. This study aimed to determine S100A12 levels in infants and children without symptoms of underlying gut disease.Methods. Stool samples were collected from healthy infants (<12 months) and children without gastrointestinal symptoms. Faecal S100A12 was measured by immunoassay.Results. Fifty-six children were recruited. Serial samples were obtained from seven term infants over the first 6 months of life. Single samples were obtained from 49 healthy children ranging from 0.16 to 13.8 years of age. Median S100A12 levels were 0.5 mg/kg (ranging from 0.39 to 25) in the healthy children, with high values (>10 mg/kg) in five infants only. There was no variation between gender. Median S100A12 levels in healthy infants remained below the established normal cut-off from birth to six months of age.Conclusion. S100A12 levels in well infants and children are almost exclusively lower than the standard cut-off. Transiently higher levels may be seen in early infancy. An elevated level of S100A12 in children older than 12 months of age is likely to represent organic gut disease.

scholarly journals The Predictive Value of Pulse Oximeters for Pulse Improvement after Angiography in Infants and Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Reza Alipour ◽  
Mazyar Rastegar ◽  
Mehdi Ghaderian ◽  
Seyedeh-Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽  
Reza Faraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Pulse Oximeters ◽  
In Infants And Children

In vivo age dependency of unfractionated heparin in infants and children

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Newall ◽  
Vera Ignjatovic ◽  
Robyn Summerhayes ◽  
Andrew Gan ◽  
Warwick Butt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
In Infants And Children

Echographic measurement of skin thickness in sites suitable for intradermal vaccine injection in infants and children

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (46) ◽  
pp. 8438-8442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Ploin ◽  
Florence Schwarzenbach ◽  
Claude Dubray ◽  
Jean-François Nicolas ◽  
Catherine Goujon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Vaccine Injection ◽  
Intradermal Vaccine ◽  
In Infants And Children

scholarly journals MiR-542-3p suppresses neuroblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by downregulation of KDM1A and ZNF346

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Zhao Guo ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Xinjian Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion ◽  
In Infants And Children

AbstractNeuroblastoma is one of the most common malignancies in infants and children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as significant regulators that play important roles in neuroblastoma development. This research aimed to analyze the functional mechanism of miR-542-3p in neuroblastoma. Here, we found that miR-542-3p was downregulated and KDM1A as well as ZNF346 were upregulated in neuroblastoma tissues and cells. Both overexpression of miR-542-3p and the knockdown of KDM1A suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in neuroblastomas. Moreover, miR-542-3p reduced the levels of KDM1A and ZNF346 through interaction. Both KDM1A overexpression and ZNF346 upregulation weakened the effect of miR-542-3p on neuroblastoma cells. Besides, miR-542-3p negatively regulated tumor growth in vivo. Our results suggested that miR-542-3p suppressed cell proliferation and invasion by targeting KDM1A and ZNF346 in neuroblastomas, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals In vivo cellular-resolution retinal imaging in infants and children using an ultracompact handheld probe

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 580-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco LaRocca ◽  
Derek Nankivil ◽  
Theodore DuBose ◽  
Cynthia A. Toth ◽  
Sina Farsiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Imaging ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Cellular Resolution ◽  
In Infants And Children

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

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