Pathomorphology of peripheral organs of immunogenesis in cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis

This article presents the results of pathomorphological research on the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of 23 dead cats aged from 3 months to 7 years, which in their lifetimes (according to anamnesis, clinical signs, laboratory-instrumental methods of examination and VetExpert FCoV Ab express test) had been diagnosed with infectious peritonitis. All the animals were domestic. Blood was drawn from the subcutaneous vein of the forelimb of the diseased cats. We determined ESR, morphological parameters of blood and content of hemoglobin. For histological and histochemical examinations, we selected samples of spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, which were fixated in 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, Carnoy’s and Bouin’s solutions. The prepared histological sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson’s stain, methyl green-pironin stain (Brashe), PAS-reaction (McManus), alcian blue and Congo red. Hematological parameters during 3 weeks of clinical progression of the disease among the cats demonstrated a decrease in the hemoglobin content and in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Possible decrease in the number of lymphocytes indicated the development of an immune-deficiency state. Also, during the development of disease, the animals had possible increase in ESR, which indicated the development of an inflammatory process in the organism and decrease in the number of thrombocytes, which conditioned development of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The anatomical pathology autopsy showed that in most animals the spleen was diminished in size, the surface of the organ was tuberous, the capsule was wrinkled and mat, the edges were sharpened. The histostructural change was accompanied by a sharp depletion of the lymph nodes and reduction in the number of micro- and macrophages, which indicated the reduction of white pulp, rapid inhibition of the activity of T- and B-lymphocytes, plasmacytic and macrophage reaction and manifested in development of immune-deficient condition of the organism. In this process, the reticular carcass of the lymph nodes saturated with PAS-positive and eosinophilic masses was clearly manifested, which indicated formation of fibrinoid. In the spleen of 5 individuals, during staining using Congo red, we found deposition of amyloid masses both in the intima of the blood vessels and along the reticulary fibers of the lymph nodes. In the cytoplasm of macrophages, we found pyroninophilic formations. In two cases, we observed blood accumulation of red pulp and bleeding following the reduction of white pulp, and in one case fibrinogenous perisplenitis. In the mesenteric lymph nodes of most of the cats which had suffered from infectious peritonitis, we determined that edema, exposure of the reticular soft skeleton (stroma) of adrenal and paracortical zones, dilation of the border and central sinuses and thrombosis of vessels were followed by steep decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, micro- and macrophages, which indicated the development of atrophic processes of lympoid tissue and immune-suppression. In three cases, in mesenteric lymph nodes of cats, we determined development of sinus histiocytosis. The changes determined in the spleen and lymph nodes of the cats which had suffered from FIP indicate immune-suppressed condition and steep decrease in the functional ability of the organs and organism in general.

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Immune Responses in Mice after Immunization with Antigens from Different Stages of the Parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2010-3-419 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (3-4) ◽

pp. 289-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hanaa M. Gaber ◽

Amany S. Maghraby ◽

Mohamed Bastawy Ahmed ◽

Andreas Ruppel ◽

Mahmoud M. Bahgat

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

B Lymphocytes ◽

T And B Lymphocytes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Antigen Preparation ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Egg Antigen

Mice responses to immunization with Schistosoma mansoni antigens were investigated. Priming with cercarial antigen preparation (CAP) induced significant (P < 0.05) IgM, IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA increases, while booster caused a significant IgG1 increase. A soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) caused significant IgG elevation. Priming with soluble egg antigen (SEA) caused significant IgM and IgG2a increases, while booster induced significant IgM, IgG and IgA increases. CAP-immunized mice sera (IMS) recognized CAP peptides ranging from 23 - 78 kDa. SWAP-IMS recognized SWAP peptides ranging from 40 - 75 kDa. SEA-IMS recognized SEA peptides ranging from 33 - 101 kDa. The cross-reactive peptides among the 3 antigens were identified. CAP caused significant increases in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) CD4,8+, B lymphocytes, CD8+ thymocytes, CD4+ T and B splenocytes. SWAP priming caused significant increases in MLNs CD4,8+ thymocytes and B splenocytes. SWAP booster caused significant increases in MLNs CD8+ T and B lymphocytes, CD4,8+ thymocytes and CD4+ T and B splenocytes. SEA caused significant increase in CD4+ T cells.

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Selenization of S. cerevisiae increases its protective potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering an intestinal immunomodulatory loop

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79102-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva ◽

Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura ◽

Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira ◽

Juliana Helena dos Santos Toledo ◽

Patrícia Aparecida Borim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Complementary Medicines ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelinated central nervous system (CNS) neurons and triggers physical and cognitive disabilities. Conventional therapy is based on disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity but can also be deleterious. Complementary medicines have been adopted and evidence indicates that yeast supplements can improve symptoms mainly by modulating the immune response. In this investigation, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its selenized derivative (Selemax) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 mice submitted to EAE induction were orally supplemented with these yeasts by gavage from day 0 to day 14 after EAE induction. Both supplements determined significant reduction in clinical signs concomitantly with diminished Th1 immune response in CNS, increased proportion of Foxp3+ lymphocytes in inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes and increased microbiota diversity. However, Selemax was more effective clinically and immunologically; it reduced disease prevalence more sharply, increased the proportion of CD103+ dendritic cells expressing high levels of PD-L1 in mesenteric lymph nodes and reduced the intestinal inflammatory process more strongly than S. cerevisiae. These results suggest a clear gut-brain axis modulation by selenized S. cerevisiae and suggest their inclusion in clinical trials.

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Epizootic Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Captive Slender-tailed Meerkats (Suricata suricatta)

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589703400101 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C. Juan-Sallés ◽

N. Prats ◽

S. López ◽

M. Domingo ◽

A. J. Marco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Suricata Suricatta ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Clinicopathologic Findings ◽

Foamy Macrophages

Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in seven captive slender-tailed meerkats ( Suricata suricatta) according to clinicopathologic findings and immunohistochemistry. Five of nine meerkats died during an outbreak in late 1994. These included four kits (2.5 to 4.5 months old) and a 4-year-old meerkat. Two other meerkats, both adults, died in 1992 and 1995. Respiratory insufficiency (4/7) and incoordination (3/7) were the most consistent clinical signs, although two of seven meerkats died unexpectedly. At necropsy, the lungs were reddened and noncollapsed (6/7), and had multiple pale round foci (4/7). Yellow foci of necrosis in mesenteric lymph nodes (4/7), splenomegaly (3/7), and hydropericardium (3/7) were other common gross findings. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia was present in all seven meerkats, being acute to subacute in six of them. Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, aggregates of foamy macrophages, and giant cells were consistently seen. Multifocal to locally extensive necrosis of mesenteric lymph nodes (4/7), mild to severe multifocal necrotizing hepatitis (5/6), and mild nonsuppurative encephalitis (4/6) were also seen. Toxoplasma-like organisms were consistently associated with these lesions and were stained by the avidin biotin peroxidase procedure with an antiserum that does not cross-react with Neospora caninum. Meerkats were most likely infected after an oral, primary exposure to Toxoplasma. Several observations indicate that meerkats may be highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis.

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Intestinal lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2008000600009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Priscila Zlotowski ◽

André M.R. Corrêa ◽

David E.S.N. Barcellos ◽

Cláudio E.F. Cruz ◽

William Asanome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Villous Atrophy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Intestinal Lesions

Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines from 79 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs, confirmed as naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), were studied. Pigs originated from 12 farms in southern Brazil and were selected on the basis of clinical signs and/or gross lesions suggestive of enteric disorder. Lymphohistiocytic infiltrates of varying intensity were associated with anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-PCV2) immunostaining (IS) in samples of intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes from all pigs. Although most findings were similar to those described in PCV2-associated enteritis, anti-PCV2 IS in association with depletion of the goblet cell mucin stores (24 pigs), diffuse ileal villous atrophy and fusion (18 pigs), and dilatation of the lymphatic vessels (11 pigs) combined or not with lymphangitis were also observed. PCV2 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional epithelial cells, histiocytes, and endothelial-like cells in intestinal tissues. Together these findings imply an association with PCV2. The presence of co-infections by Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., rotavirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and enteric calicivirus with PCV2 in the intestinal lesions was investigated.

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Experimental poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens in rabbits

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5599 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1885-1889

Author(s):

Kiyoko U. Utiumi ◽

Adriana S. Albuquerque ◽

Alexandre S. Burque ◽

Fernanda R. Souza ◽

Luciana Sonne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Lectin Histochemistry ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Fresh Plant ◽

Foamy Macrophages ◽

Cattle And Sheep

ABSTRACT: Brachiaria spp. are important sources of forage for ruminants in Brazil, due to the easy cultivation, good resistance to drought, good adaptation to different soils and low maintenance cost. However, the ingestion of this grass has been related to photosensitization outbreaks in cattle and sheep with significant economic losses. The hepatotoxic effects related to the ingestion of grass are the formation of crystals and foamy macrophages due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. The use of cattle and sheep in experiments involving the plant presents several obstacles in the ethical, economic and animal management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of rabbits as an experimental model for B. decumbens poisoning. Two experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1 four rabbits received the fresh plant in daily doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80g/kg body weight for 120 days. In Experiment 2 three rabbits received the fresh plant in amounts of 500g daily with duration of 210 days. The animals of Experiment 1 showed no clinical signs and no macroscopic and microscopic changes characteristic of B. decumbens poisoning. In Experiment 2 the animals also showed no clinical signs or significant macroscopic alterations. Histological analysis showed isolated foamy macrophages or present in random groups of cells in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. Samples of liver and mesenteric lymph nodes of the rabbits of Experiment 2 were submitted to the lectin-histochemistry technique. The WGA, sWGA and RCA lectins showed reactivity in foamy macrophages in both organs. This is the first study of our knowledge that demonstrates histopathological lesions caused expetimentally by Brachiaria spp. in rabbits, demonstrating its potential as an animal model.

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An outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a small indoor breeding colony of red-bellied (Saguinus labiatus) tamarins

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367783781062280 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 311-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. F. Taffs ◽

Glynis Dunn

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Breeding Colony ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Saguinus Labiatus

A spontaneous outbreak of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype IIB occurred in a small indoor breeding colony of red-bellied tamarins ( Saguinus labiatus) during the winter of 1981. Of 3S monkeys at risk 6 died of an acute or subacute infection over a period of 23 days. Clinical signs were anorexia, weakness, listlessness and depression. The disease was characterized by focal necrosis of the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, ulcerative enteritis, and the presence of colonies of Gram-negative bacilli in the lesions. Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and kidney but not from the blood, lung or intestine. Contaminated food was believed to be the source of infection.

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Cell Migration from the Thymus to Other Lymphoid Organs in Hamsters of Different Ages

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v31.6.727.727 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 727-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

T. J. LINNA

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

White Pulp ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Different Ages ◽

Lymphatic Organs

Abstract Hamsters of different ages were labeled intra thymus and intravenously with 3H-thymidine. After extraction of nucleic acids, measurements of DNA content and tritium activity, the specific activity of different organs was calculated. By comparing the pattern of label of different organs after these quantitative measurements, it could be concluded that a good local labeling was obtained in all intra thymus injected animals, and a quantitatively significant transport of label could be shown to occur from the thymus to the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches in animals of both sexes, and also to the spleen of male animals. This transport was shown in 23 day old hamsters in which the lymphatic organs except the thymus still are immature. No such transport could be demonstrated in adult animals. Autoradiographic examinations also showed a good local labeling in the intra thymus injected animals and a migration of heavily labeled cells to mesenteric lymph nodes in 7 days old animals, and to mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches and the white pulp of the spleen in 23 days old animals. Only single heavily labeled cells were found in the "peripheral" lymphatic organs of adult animals.

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Pathomorphological characteristic of immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet8329 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (83) ◽

pp. 150-155

Author(s):

G. Kotsyumbas ◽

M. Shkil

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Giant Cells ◽

White Pulp ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Immune Organs ◽

Vascular Walls ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

The article elucidates the results of pathoanatomical and histological searches of peripheral immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets. In one of the farms of Transcarpathian region among the pigs of 3–4 months of age were found clinically ill animals, blood was taken, serum test was performed and circiiros was diagnosed. The pathoanatomical autopsy of 12 corpses of piglets was done. During the autopsy of corpses macroscopic changes were studied and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by sealing and filling with paraffin. From paraffin blocks, histological cuts were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Van Gizon method. Light microscopy and photographing were performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope and Leica DFC450C cameras and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For macroscopic examination, in all cases, hyperplasia of the spleen and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis have been established. For histological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes in sick piglets with cirrhosis against a background of severe congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages, exudation, there was a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, activation of reticuloendothelial cells, transformation of them into epithelioid and formation of giant cells. The detection of polycarocytes in the lymph nodes of sick piglets on the circus is a morphological confirmation of the cytopathic effect of the virus. The histological search of the spleen of pigs for circovirus infection on the background of blood filling, edema of trabeculae, plasma permeation of vascular walls was marked by an intensive decrease in the number of white pulp cells, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the lymph nodes themselves. The revealed histostructural changes indicated a depletion of the spleen, suppression of its generative function, and an immunosuppressive state of one of the organs of immunogenesis.

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