scholarly journals Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-334
Author(s):  
A. S. Schogolev ◽  
I. M. Raievska
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Japonicum Strain

Nitrogen deficiency is a limiting factor in increasing efficiency of crop production in terrestrial ecosystems, and the transformation of inert nitrogen to forms that can be assimilated by plants is mediated by soil microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and roots depend on each other and have developed various mechanisms for symbiotic coexistence. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): short-day (SD) line with genotype Е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7), and photoperiodic insensitive (PPI) line with genotype е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7) grown from seeds inoculated with active strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum against the background of local populations of diazotrophs of the genus Azotobacter spp. and establish how the soybean – Bradyrhizobium symbiosis will develop as the genes of both microsymbionts and macrosymbionts are responsible for the formation of the symbiotic complex. Plants were grown in a vegetation chamber, in sand culture. To assess the quantitative composition of microorganisms in the rhizosphere and rhizoplanes, 6 plants were selected from each soybean line, then separation of the zones of the rhizosphere and rhizoplanes was performed using the method of washing and the resulting suspension was used for inoculation on dense nutrient media (mannitol-yeast agar medium and Ashby medium). The results of study showed that seed inoculation and co-inoculation provides faster formation of the symbiotic soybean – Bradyrhizobium complex. Differences in nodulation rates between the short-day line with genotype Е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7), and a photoperiodic insensitive line with genotype е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7) were identified. Determination of the amount of B. japonicum on the medium of mannitol-yeast agar in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane showed that inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b caused a significant increase in the amount B. japonicum in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in both soybean lines, comparison with non-inoculated seeds. Then, co-inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b + Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased the amount of B. japonicum only in the rhizoplane and decreased their number in the rhizosphere. Determination of the amount of A. chroococcum on the Ashby elective medium in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane showed that the inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b caused a significant decrease in the amount of A. chroococcum both in the rhizosphere and in the rhizoplane of the PPI line of soybean, and in the rhizosphere the SD line, in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. That can testify to the competitive interaction of these microorganisms. However, the co-inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b + A. chroococcum in the SD line significantly increased the number of A. chroococcum in the rhizoplane and decreased their number in the rhizosphere, in the PPI line their number decreased in the rhizoplane and increased in the rhizosphere, in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. Probably, the E genes (their dominant or recessive state) of soybean isogenic lines affect the regulation of the content and distribution of sugars. It was established that the nitrogen deficiency stimulated development of the root system of plants and the synthesized sugars were distributed predominantly to the root system growth. We suppose that the seeds’ inoculation had extended sugar consumption to the symbiont, due to which it compensates the lack of nitrogen, but leads to a slower growth of the root system.

scholarly journals Characterization and ecological role of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from the rhizoplane of Melastoma malabathricum inhabiting acidic plain lands in Kalimantan

Tropics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki HASHIDOKO ◽  
Yukako GOTOU ◽  
Mitsuru OSAKI ◽  
Erry PURNOMO ◽  
Limin H. SUWIDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Role ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum

scholarly journals Increasing maize productivity by presowing usage of biologies Mycofriend, Mikovital and Florobacillin

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Serhii Dymytrov ◽  
Vasil Sabluk ◽  
Semen Tanchyk ◽  
Mykhailo Gumentyk ◽  
Oleg Balagura
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

The aim is to study how presowing usage of biologies Mycofriend, Mikovital and Florobacillin influences on biometric indicators of maize, its productivity and soil moisture holding capacity. Using mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, we have received positive results about their influence on plant growth and development and maize yield forming. Leaf surface area in variants with fungi Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Mycofriend bio-based product), and Tuber melanosporum Vittad (Mikovital bio-based product) and bacteria Bacillus subtilis Cohn. (Florobacillin bio-based product) was counted on 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days of vegetation and was estimated by 11.2–90.0% higher compared to the control. Leaf mass and root system mass exceeded control indicators by 24.0–48.9%, respectively. Plants height in these accounted periods was higher by 4.0–31.5% compared to the control. In addition, in these variants, soil moisture holding capacity increased by 7.3–38.1%, share of soil lumps smaller than 0.25 mm decreased by 2.8–7.2%. Grain yield of Maize in variants with mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 1.64–2.68 t/ha higher than in the control. It should be noted that presowing usage of fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on plants seeds, provides better efficiency on plants’ growth and development and their productivity.

Uptake and Role of Molybdenum in Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

1977 ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
PHILIP T. PIENKOS ◽  
VINOD K. SHAH ◽  
WINSTON J. BRILL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

scholarly journals Influence of the adoption of phosphogips and seros-containing fertilizers on the microbial population of south chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00229
Author(s):  
Valeriy Tskhovrebov ◽  
Alexander Umarov ◽  
Vera Faizova ◽  
Vera Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Meat Peptone Agar

The following field experiences were performed on the Chernozem southern carbonate: 1.Control, 2. Sulphoammophos – 150 kg/ha, 3. Sulphoammophos – 250 kg/ha, 4.Phosphogypsum – 3 t/ha, 5.Phosphogypsum – 6 t/ha, 6.Phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha, 7. Phosphogypsum – 3 t/ha ammophos –70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha 8. Phosphogypsum – 6 t/ha ammophos -70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha 9. Phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha ammophos–70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha. 10. ammophos-70 kg/ha + ammonium nitrate 100 kg/ha. The determination of the number of microorganisms produced in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of winter wheat on the selective nutrient medium: meat-peptone agar – number of ammonifiers; on starch and ammonia agar – microorganisms that assimilate mineral forms of nitrogen on the Hutchinson medium – calculatorsreal the number of microorganisms on the Czapek-Dox medium – the number of micromycetes on the Ashby medium – the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter. Introduction phosphogypsum, sulphoammophos, ammophos and ammonium nitrate contributes to the increase in the numbers of various physiological groups of microorganisms. The highest values of the studied indicators in comparison with the control was achieved through the joint application of phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha ammophos-70kg/ha and ammonium nitrate-100kg/ha: ammonifiers on 123.4 million CFU/g (or 2.5 times); nitrifiers at 138 million CFU/g (3.3 times), microscopic fungi on 90,0 thousand CFU/g (1.7 times); cellulose-fermenting microorganisms on 250.6 thousand CFU/g (more than 2 times); aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter by 30.7 thousand CFU/g (1.5 times). Thus, the most responsive to the introduction of phosphogypsum and fertilizers microorganisms that convert mineral and organic nitrogen compounds.

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing shows the important role of AZC_2928 gene in nitrogen-fixing bacteria of plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-668
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Sang Lv ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jiale Wei ◽  
Shiyuan Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

The Genesis of Form in Casuarinaceae

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RA Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The growth and development of the shoot apex of Casuarina distyla, in which the leaves commonly occur in whorls of 6-8 members, is described. The mature apex of C. torulosa, a species with only four leaves per whorl, is also described. Stages in the development of the apex of C. distyla are illustrated with three-dimensional scale drawings. The fused stem-and-leaf nature of the vegetative axis is recognized and the growth of the blade, tube and buttress portions of the axes is presented in units of length and volume. Stages in the development of axillary buds are illustrated with three-dimensional scale drawings. Phyllotactic parameters for whorled systems of phyllotaxis in Nerium and Casuarina are presented along with those for decussate systems in Eucalyptus. The role of physical constraint in the genesis of form and the determination of rates of growth in shoot apices are discussed and it is suggested that rapid maturation of tissues may contribute to the continuous fall in the relative growth rate of the leaves.

scholarly journals The assimilation of nitrogen by certain nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil

1910 ◽  
Vol 82 (560) ◽  
pp. 627-629 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Sodium Hydrate ◽  
Pure Cultures

In a communication on “Some Effects of Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria on the Growth of Non-Leguminous Plants,” it was pointed out that Azotobcider and Pseudomonas obtained from the root tubercles of Cycas when grown together fix more nitrogen per unit of carbohydrate than the combined amount of nitrogen when each is grown separately. In order to determine if this is true for a mixed culture of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas obtained from ordinary soil and leguminous nodules respectively, pure cultures of these organisms were obtained, Azotobacter and chroocoecm from garden soil and Pseudomonas radicicola from bean and clover nodules, by the method already described. Erlenmeyer flasks containing a culture solution, consisting of maltose 0·5 gramme, mannite 0·5 gramme, monobasic potassium phosphate 0·1 gramme, magnesium sulphate 0·02 gramme, in 100 c.c. distilled water and rendered neutral by sodium hydrate, were inoculated with 1 c.c. of pure cultures per 100 c.c. of culture solution (the controls being autoclaved to kill the bacteria present), and incubated at 24° C. for 10 days. Nitrogen determinations of the contents of the flasks gave the following averages:- Gerlaeh, Lipman, and others have described experiments showing that pure cultures of Azotobader and Pseudomonas respectively have little or no power to increase the store of soil nitrogen when added directly to the soil. A probable explanation of these negative results may be found in the different conditions for growth and development in ordinary soil and in a culture solution.

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