scholarly journals Spatially distributed assessment and forecast of soil erosion losses as a basis for optimization the use of erosion-hazardous agricultural lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-580
Author(s):  
Оleksandr О. Svitlychnyi ◽  
Nadiia G. Chemerys
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Soil Losses

The article is devoted to the problem of sustainable use of agricultural lands in conditions of active manifestation of water soil erosion, which is typical for all natural zones of Ukraine, but to the greatest extent – for the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zone. The aim of the article is a spatially distributed quantitative assessment and forecast of soil erosion losses and the development on this basis of recommendations to optimize the use of agricultural land on the example of the Pidhayetskyi district of the Ternopil region. The area is located within the Western region of Ukraine with a fairly high intensity of water erosion, where in accordance with the long-term climate forecast a further increase in erosion hazard of land is expected. A quantitative assessment of soil erosion losses for the basic period (1961–1990) and forecast periods (2031–2050 and 2081–2100) was carried out using a spatially distributed physical-statistical GIS-model of soil erosion-sedimentation developed at the Department of Physical Geography, Nature Management and Geoinformation Technologies of Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University. Spatial realization of the model performed using the analytical capabilities of the Software for Environmental Modeling PCRaster (University of Utrecht, Netherlands). The forecast of the changes in the hydrometeorological conditions of water soil erosion was made using the forecast of monthly average air temperatures and monthly average precipitation, developed at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute. It established that most of the arable land (about 52 %) of Pidhayetskyi district is erosively dangerous. Due to the projected increase in summer rainfall in the middle and at the end of this century, further intensification of soil erosion is expected, especially in 2031–2050, when soil losses on arable land will increase to 16.9 t/ha/year, and only due to rainstorm erosion. Soil losses by meltwater will be insignificant. Based on the calculations, it was concluded that it is impossible to protect the agricultural lands of the region from erosional degradation without withdrawal from the arable land about 8.15 thousand hectares (28) of the most erosion-hazardous lands (with annual soil losses exceeding 20 tons per a hectare), changing the structure of sown areas and introduction a soil-protective adaptive-landscape farming system over a significant area.

scholarly journals Spatially distributed GIS-realized mathematical model of rainstorm erosion losses of soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-571
Author(s):  
А. A. Svetlitchnyi ◽  
A. V. Piatkova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Slope Runoff ◽  
Distributed Gis

In connection with the wide and ever increasing spread of erosion degradation of agricultural lands in Ukraine, the task of developing mathematical models and methods for calculating water erosion of soils corresponding to the current level of erosion study and the demands of soil protection practices is becoming increasingly important. The article is devoted to the development of a spatially distributed GIS-implemented mathematical model of rainstorm soil erosion, which accounts for most of the annual soil losses (in the Steppe zone, for example, about 90 %). The development of the model is based on the most theoretically and informationally grounded model for the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine , “the logical-mathematical model of rainstorm soil outwash” developed by H. I. Shvebs (1974, 1981), as well as the results of theoretical and field studies and mathematical modeling of the slope runoff and water erosion of soil, carried out at the Department of Physical Geography and Environmental Management of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University in the 1990s - 2010s, and also the possibilities of modern geoinformation technologies. For the spatial implementation of the model, a raster model of spatial data and operators of the PCRaster GIS-package (University of Utrecht, the Netherlands) were used, integrated with the Basic programming language into a single system that provides an implementation of the computational algorithm. The developed physical-statistical model of soil erosion-sedimentation takes into account the peculiarities of the formation of slope runoff and soil outwash in conditions of excessive nonstationarity of heavy rainfall, as well as spatial heterogeneity of all major natural and economic factors of water erosion on a slope, including slope steepness, exposure, longitudinal and transverse forms of slopes, soil erodibility, structure of sown areas and anti-erosion measures. Checking the adequacy of the mathematical model was performed using observational data of four experimental catchments ; two runoff plots of the Moldavan water-balance station with total area of 0.08 ha, the Ploska catchment with area of 8.5 ha (Boguslav field experimental base of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute) and the Sukha catchment with area of 63 ha (Veliko-Anadol water-balance station) with observation periods of 17-31 years. Comparison of the calculated average over the catchment area of mean annual values of rainstorm soil losses, with the corresponding values obtained from measurements on these catchments, made on the basis of Nash-Sutcliff efficiency criterion (NS), allowed us to evaluate the quality of the model as good (NS = 0.72).

scholarly journals Studying the peculiarities of agricultural lands with the use of digital relief models

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Kirill Teslenok ◽  
Anton Mushtaykin ◽  
Sergey Teslenok
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Terrain Characteristics

The article highlights the stages of work during which the impact of individual terrain properties on arable farming was identified. The possibility of using digital elevation models (DEM) to identify those characteristics that can have a significant impact on such lands was studied. Findings have been made about the relationship between these features and the sites, and their place among other arable land features has been determined. The initial step was to select the baseline data for the area under study and obtain it in the form we needed. Here, techniques for automated DEM acquisition are being developed. At the next stage, individual terrain characteristics, complexity of their acquisition and ranking by importance for this methodology were considered and analyzed. At the final stage the analysis of agricultural lands, their connection with the relief and its characteristics was carried out, practical conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made based on them. It should be noted that the study area — the Vindrei River basin — is very illustrative for showing the advantages of the technology being developed. Its territory is occupied both by extensive agricultural land and forest areas. During the development of the methodology it was important to demonstrate the possibilities of using the technology in the field of nature management and improving economic efficiency of the area.

The soil loss by water erosion at the European part of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Maltsev ◽  
Oleg Yermolaev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
European Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Soil Losses

<p>A quantitative assessment of the potential soil erosion on arable land in the European part of Russia (EPR) was carried out. The total area of arable land of the EPR is about 650,000 km<sup>2</sup>. The majority of the population of Russia lives here - about 95 million people. The level of generalization of work is regional and corresponds to a scale of 1: 500,000.</p><p>As a research method, mathematical modeling based on modified for Russia’s natural conditions USLE equation for calculating potential soil loss from erosion. Another leading method for assessing soil erosion and presenting results is GIS. A raster model of data presentation was used in the calculations, including a model of slope angles, slope lengths, soil erodibility, erosive rainfall potential, water reserves in snow, intra-annual redistribution of rainfall, and land use types.</p><p>New data have been obtained on the value of soil erosion losses during melt and storm runoff periods and total annual losses. An electronic map of soil erosion losses on arable lands of the European part of Russia has been compiled, which allows determining spatial features of soil erosion rates.</p><p>The average soil erosion losses, taking into account the soil-protective coefficients of agricultural crops for the study area, are 4.04 t / ha per year. In annual soil losses due to erosion, storm 3.78 prevails, soil loss from melt water is almost an order of magnitude less - t / ha 0.26. About half of the territory is located in conditions under which the soil loss does not exceed 0.5 t / ha per year.</p><p>The rate of potential soil erosion on arable land in the European part of Russia naturally decreases in the direction from the taiga-forest to the steppe landscape zone. The band of maximum potential soil erosion of the west-east sub-latitudinal strike is clearly distinguished, confined to the subzone of mixed and broad-leaved forests with very high plowing. A comparative analysis of our data and data obtained in the mid-1980s showed a reduction in soil loss from water erosion in all landscape zones. In addition, a comparative analysis of the data obtained by us and the data for the European Union was carried out, which showed that the soil losses on the EPR are slightly higher.</p>

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EROSION PROCESSES ON THE QUALITY OF SOILS OF THE MOUNTAIN ZONE OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
A. FANDALYUK ◽  
V. POLICHKO ◽  
V. CANАYLO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Mountain Zone

After the reform in the mountainous zone of the Transcarpathian region, there are currently 15 territorial communities, which have united 75 village, settlement and city councils, which include 130 settlements. In this area 80.2% are hayfields and pastures. Another 0.5% of the area is occupied by perennial plantations, and 5.21 thousand hectares or 19.3% of the total area is allocated for arable land. The most susceptible to erosion processes are soils under row crops, in particular under potatoes and other roots. Withdrawal of eroded lands from agricultural lands is the most ecologically justified and economically feasible way of their use. Keywords: mountain zone of the Carpathians, structure of agricultural lands, soil, erosion processes.

Spatially distributed soil losses and sediment yield: a case study of Langat watershed, Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 104742
Author(s):  
Noor Fadzilah Yusof ◽  
Tukimat Lihan ◽  
Wan Mohd Razi Idris ◽  
Zulfahmi Ali Rahman ◽  
Muzneena Ahmad Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Soil Losses

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Estimates in Arid Region: A Case Study of the Koutine Catchment, Southeastern Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6763
Author(s):  
Mongi Ben Zaied ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Mohamed Ouessar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Losses

Soil erosion remains one of the principal environmental problems in arid regions. This study aims to assess and quantify the variability of soil erosion in the Koutine catchment using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The Koutine catchment is located in an arid area in southeastern Tunisia and is characterized by an annual mean precipitation of less than 200 mm. The model was used to examine the influence of topography, extreme rainstorm intensity and soil texture on soil loss. The data used for model validation were obtained from field measurements by monitoring deposited sediment in settlement basins of 25 cisterns (a traditional water harvesting and storage technique) over 4 years, from 2015 to 2018. Results showed that slope is the most controlling factor of soil loss. The average annual soil loss in monitoring sites varies between 0.01 and 12.5 t/ha/y. The storm events inducing the largest soil losses occurred in the upstream part of the Koutine catchment with a maximum value of 7.3 t/ha per event. Soil erosion is highly affected by initial and preceding soil conditions. The RUSLE model reasonably reproduced (R2 = 0.81) the spatiotemporal variability of measured soil losses in the study catchment during the observation period. This study revealed the importance of using the cisterns in the data-scarce dry areas as a substitute for the classic soil erosion monitoring fields. Besides, combining modeling of outputs and field measurements could improve our physical understanding of soil erosion processes and their controlling factors in an arid catchment. The study results are beneficial for decision-makers to evaluate the existing soil conservation and water management plans, which can be further adjusted using appropriate soil erosion mitigation options based on scientific evidence.

The effect of rainfall intensity on soil erosion and particulate phosphorus transfer from arable soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fraser ◽  
T. R. Harrod ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Soil erosion, in the form of transported suspended sediment in overland flow, is often associated with high rates of particulate phosphorus (PP) (total P>0.45 μm) transfer from land to watercourses. Particulate P may provide a long-term source of P for aquatic biota. Twenty-two sites for winter overland flow monitoring were selected in south-west England within fields ranging from 0.2–3.8 ha on conventionally-managed arable land. Fields were situated on highly porous, light textured soils, lacking impermeable horizons and often overlying major aquifers. Long arable use and modern cultivation methods result in these soils capping under rain impact. Overland flow was observed when rainfall intensity approached the modest rate of 0.8 mm hr−1 on land at or near to field capacity. Low intensity rainfall (<2 mm hr−1) produced mean suspended sediment losses of 14 kg ha−1 hr−1, with associated PP transfer rates of 16 g ha−1 hr−1. In high intensity rainfall (>9 mm hr−1) mean PP losses of 319 g ha−1 hr−1 leaving the field were observed. As might be expected, there was a good relationship between PP and suspended sediment transfer in overland flow leaving the sites. The capacity of light soils to cap when in arable use, combined with heavy or prolonged rainfall, resulted in substantial discharges, soil erosion and associated PP transfer. Storms with heavy rain, typically of only a few hours duration, were characterised by considerable losses of PP. Such events, with return periods of once or twice a winter, may account for a significant proportion of total annual P transfer from agricultural soils under arable crops. However, contributions from less intense rain with much longer duration (around 100 hours per winter in many arable districts of the UK) are also demonstrated here.

scholarly journals The Role of Trees and Pastures in Organic Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Organic Farm

<p>Environmental concerns associated with annual row crop grain production – including soil erosion, soil carbon loss, intensive use of chemicals and petroleum, limited arable land, among others – could be addressed by converting conventional livestock production to an organic pasture based system. The inclusion of tree crops would further enhance the opportunity for feeding pasture- raised livestock by providing shelter and alternative feed sources. Biodiversity is an essential aspect of an organic farm plan. The idea of including tree crops and other perennials into the vision of an organic farm as a “living system” is very much compatible with the goals and philosophy of organic farming. Before modern no-till farming systems were developed, tree crops and pasture systems were found to provide similar benefits for controlling soil erosion and conserving soil carbon. For example, J. Russell Smith’s <em>Tree Crops: A Permanent Agriculture</em> (Smith, 1950) and pioneered tree crop agriculture as the alternative to annual row crops for protecting soils from erosion while producing livestock feed such as acorns, nuts, and fodder. A survey of Mid-Atlantic USA soils under pasture found 60% higher soil organic matter content than cultivated fields. Because United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program (USDA-NOP) standards require dairy cattle consume pasture forage and limited grain (7 C.F.R. pt. 206), organic milk contains higher concentrations of omega-3 and fewer omega-6 fatty acids than conventional milk. Organic standards also state “the producer must not use lumber treated with arsenate or other prohibited materials for new [fence posts] installations or replacement purposes in contact with soil or livestock.” Black locust (<em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em>) is a fast growing renewable alternative to treated lumber with many attributes compatible with organic farming. This versatile tree fixes nitrogen (N), provides flowers for honey bees and other pollinators, and produces a highly durable dense wood ideal for fence posts useable for up to 50 year.</p>

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE BASED ON LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Vladimir TATARINTSEV ◽  
◽  
Leonid TATARINTSEV ◽  
Alex MATSYURA ◽  
Andrei BONDAROVICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Erosion Processes

The aim of the work was the landscape analysis of agricultural geographical landscapes in the Altai Territory and elaboration of measures aimed at the rational use of agricultural lands. Environmental and landscape (landscape) approach became the main method of scientific research used in the analysis of modern agricultural landscapes. The cartographic method, using GIS-technologies, made it possible to digitize the obtained materials. Synthesized maps of agro-ecological, natural and other zoning of territories are based on topographic, soil, geobotanical and other thematic maps made during land surveying during the field survey. Retrospective analysis, induction and deduction methods,analysis and synthesis, as well as the abstract-logic method were also used in the work. Our main result was the analysis of land use territory for agricultural enterprise in municipal district of Altai Krai. Exploration of lands indicates a pronounced plant-growing specialization of JSC “Pobeda” with a developed animal breeding direction. Limiting factors affecting the rational use of land are natural and climatic conditions, terrain,unsystematic anthropogenic activity and, as a result, the development of erosion processes. The degree of eroded and deflated arable land is more than 50%, hay and pasture lands are also very unstable. Landscapes have been typified, based on which eleven types of land have been identified and their geomorphological description has been carried out. The first five types of land can be used for agricultural production with limitations compensated by crop technology and erosion control measures, the sixth and seventh types require grassing and, in some cases,conservation, the eighth and ninth types can be partially used for pasture and area valorization; the remaining two are not suitable for agricultural use but should be potentially used for planting and forest management. As a result of the presented transformation of agricultural lands, the structure of cultivated areas has changed. The area of arable land decreased by 877 ha, and of pastures by 365 ha,while the area under hayfields, fallow lands, and forest lands increased by 295, 191, and 875 ha respectively. Low-productive lands were withdrawn from agriculture. We suggested that the sustainability of agricultural land use was mainly caused by the reduction of anthropogenic load and increase in ecological equilibrium of the territory.

scholarly journals Determination of environmental problems of agricultural nature management based on modular geochemical indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Almobarak Falak ◽  
Lidia A. Mezhova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Impact

Central Chernozem is one of the largest agricultural regions in Russia. As a result of the long period of natural resources use the anthropogenic load on agricultural lands is increasing. The result of agricultural nature management is the increase of land degradation processes. Voronezh Region has a high agro-climatic potential, most of the territory is occupied by agricultural land, arable land prevails among them. Soil degradation is the most acute problem. There is a need to assess the impact of agricultural natural resources use on land resources of the region. Modular coefficients for assessment of geochemical impact of agriculture and animal husbandry on agricultural systems are proposed. The developed factor is a tool for identification of negative land use processes and environmental problems. The article deals with the issues of ecologically oriented, scientifically grounded strategy of agricultural nature management. Ecological approach to assessment of soil quality in the future will develop a strategy for balanced land use. The article has a scientific and practical character and is aimed at the development of methods of ecological assessment of soil quality. The proposed methodological approach identifies destructive processes in soils. For ecologically oriented strategy of development of regions it is important to define maximum allowable agricultural loads for preservation of sustainable environment.

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