Some patterns in distribution of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) at the agrocenoses of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
A.V. Putchkov
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
Reproduction Period ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

According to the habitat layers, ground beetles of agrocenoses of Ukraine were divided on three groups: preferential inhabitants of the soil (geobios), inhabitants of the surface of the soil and plant litter (stratobios) and preferential inhabitants of the plants (phytobios). Ground beetles of geobios were represented with about 20 species, from which only five species were relatively numerous. About 370 species were registered in stratobios (about 90 are dominants or subdominants). The inhabitants of the plant layer encompassed about 10 species, but most of them were rare in agrocenoses. Most spring zoophagous species of Carabidae (mainly species of the genus Poecilus) are characterized by a low level of aggregation (Ka = 0.25–0.35). A higher degree of aggregation was recorded for small species of ground beetles (Bembidion, Microlestes) and some mixophagous (Amara similata, A. aenea, Harpalus distinguendus). At summer, the higher level of aggregation was registered (Ka = 0.35–0.46), especially for summer-autumn group of ground beetles (Calathus ambiguus, C. melanocephalus, Harpalus rufipes) and some multi-seasonal species (Pterostichus melanarius). An essential factor affecting the distribution of ground beetles on the field is the density of the plants. On the plots with rare vegetation the accumulation of thermophilous and mesoxerophilous species (Poecilus crenuliger, P. koyi, P. puncticollis) was observed (significant correlation). Higher number of mesophilous and mesohygrophilous Carabidae (Bembidion properans, Poecilus cupreus, P. punctulatus) are registered on the plots with dense vegetation, especially during reproduction period. An increase in the number and diversity of the Carabidae are observed in relatively small fields (up to 50–60 ha), bordered by forest belts or natural biotops. In large fields (more than 100 ha) surrounded by similar crops, the abundance of dominant species of Carabidae was significantly decreased.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641
Author(s):  
Janina Bennewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland. Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps. Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture. In field margin habitats the most abundant species were Limodromus assimilis, Anchomenus dorsalis, Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominant Poecilus cupreus and P. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protected Carabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protected Calosoma auropunctatum, and Broscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly by Prunus spinosa, Crataegus leavigata, Sambucus nigra and Rosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of dominant species of soil predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in agrolandscapes and their potential gluttony

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Fazlitdin Halimov
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus

We studied the seasonal change in the number of dominant species of predatory beetles on vegetable crops and determined their potential gluttony. A total of 1,472 beetles were collected, belonging to 22 species of ground beetles (Carabidae) and 27 species of rove beetles (Staphylinidae). The dominant species are: Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) (17.6% dominance), Amara fulva (De Geer) (13.28%), Bembidion properans (Stephens, 1828) (10.39%), Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) (6.20%), Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (5.39%), Poecilus cupreus Linnaeus, 1758 (5.3%), Bembidion femoratum Sturm, 1825 (5.10%), Aleochara bilineata, (Gyllenhaal, 1810) (17.6%), Aloconota gregagia (Erichson, 1839) (10.21%), Amischa analis (Gravenhorst, 1802) (6.01%), Amischa bifoveotata (Mannerheim, 1830) (5.41%). During the season, there is a change in dominant species. At the beginning of the season, smaller species dominate, while larger species dominate in the second half of the plant vegetation. The maximum number of predators are observed in June and August. The periods of the maximum abundance of ground beetles and rove beetles do not coincide in time, which is the evolutionary adaptation of two groups of predators that coexist. In laboratory experiments, when pest eggs were offered as food, Aleochara bilineata and Bembidion femoratum were the most voracious. Larger predator species showed high voracity when larvae of flies were offered as food.

Long-termed changes in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in a field treated by organic fertilizers

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Porhajašová ◽  
Vladimír Petřvalský ◽  
Zbyšek Šustek ◽  
Jana Urminská ◽  
Peter Ondrišík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

AbstractIn 2001–2006, ground beetles were pitfall-trapped in a temperate lowland area of South Slovakia in an experimental field divided in five plots fertilized by four different doses of manure or biosludge (25 t stable manure ha−1, 50 t biosludge ha−1, 50 t stable manure ha−1, 100 t biosludge ha−1 and without fertilization). The field was subsequently sown by spring barley, sugar beat, maize, sunflower, sugar beat and maize. The ground beetle assemblage consisted of 31 species, but only five species predominated: Pseudoophonus rufipes representing 82.6% of individuals and five species (Poecilus cupreus, Carabus scheidleri, Calathus fuscipes, Trechus quadristriatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Anchomenus dorsalis, Dolichus halensis) representing together 14.5% of individuals. Pseudophonus rufipes represented 81.7% of dry biomass and three species (Carabus scheidleri, Poecilus cupreus Pterostichus melanarius) 15.9% of biomass. There was no significant influence of organic fertilizing on assemblage structure. During the investigation, the number of individuals and their biomass increased in all plots until 2003 and than dropped to the starting values. The culmination of 2003 was preceded by a warmer and more humid season in 2002. After a cold and dry season of 2003 abundance decreased approximately to starting values. Simultaneously, the local maxima and minima of occurrence of ground beetles in individual plots shifted independently on the doses of organic material. At the same time, number of occurring species slightly decreased. The observed changes obviously represent part of long-termed fluctuations in wider surroundings.

scholarly journals Urbanization effect on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa A Sukhodolskaya ◽  
Anatoliy A Saveliev ◽  
Natalya I Eremeeva ◽  
Iraida G Vorobyova
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Urbanization Effect ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Regions Of Russia

We sampled beetles in different regions of Russia (Tatarstan Republic, Mariy El Republic, Udmurtia Republic, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Stavropol, Cis-Ural provinces) at sites which varied in the level of anthropogenic impact and vegetation. We used linear models to clarify how urbanization affected body size variation in studied species. All of them were palearctic generalists – Carabus granulatus, Carabus cancellatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Pterostichus niger, Poecilus cupreus, and only Carabus aeruginosus was a Siberian one. Beetles we measured for six dimensional traits. In a whole 12000 specimen have been analyzed. Results showed that different traits of Ground Beetles can response to urbanization in opposite directions: e.g. in some studies species factor “city” decreased elytra length, but increased its width and vise versa. Effect of “city” and “suburbs” factors had different directions, e. g. in a given species body size decreased in cities but in suburbs it increased and verse versa. Cognate species, which occupy similar ecological niches, have responded to urbanization in opposite directions. Females and males can respond to urbanization in opposite directions, the latter lead to the significant body size sexual dimorphism in the gradient of urbanization.

scholarly journals Seasonal quantity dynamics of ground beetles on spring wheat under different fertilization systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
N. Havryliuk ◽  
Ya. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus

Goal. Determine the dominant species of ground beetles in crops of spring wheat with different fertilization systems and study the seasonal dynamics of the number of ground beetles. Methods. The research was conducted in 2017—2019 years on the experimental field of NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine» in department of plant protection from pests and diseases. Accounting of carabids fauna in accordance with the generally accepted methodology, mainly using Barber soil traps. The ecological characteristics are given using literature data. Results. Specified species composition of the dominant species of carabids in spring wheat crops under different fertilization systems. Represented the seasonal quantity dynamics of mass species of carabids (Bembidion properans S., Harpalus affinis S., Harpalus rufipes D., Poecilus cupreus L., Harpalus distinguendus D.) with mineral (N90P60K90) and organic (with plowing of by-products of the predecessor) fertilizer systems. Population peaks on spring wheat reached maximums in May due to an increase in the activity of species of the spring-summer group of ground beetles (Bembidion properans S., Harpalus distinguendus D., Poecilus cupreus L.), in June — July — due to the summer-autumn group (Harpalus rufipes D. and Harpalus affinis S). Conclusions. The peak activity of carabids in different areas is due to the peculiarities of the biology of each species during the growing season of spring wheat and weather conditions. Of the dominant, the most widespread species with mineral fertilizers was Bembidion properans S., with organic — Harpalus affinis S. There is a difference in the trophic specialization of beetles. In the areas with mineral fertilizer, the number of zoophages and myxophytophages was almost at the same level — 33.4 and 36.6 %, respectively. Organic fertilizer was dominated by myxophytophagous carabids (44%) with a mixed type of diet due to the largest number of species and the number of the genus Harpalus, the percentage of zoophagous was 14.5 %.

THE TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES BY CONTACT AND SOIL TREATMENT TO TWO SPECIES OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Serial Dilutions

AbstractAdults of predatory carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the species Stenolophus comma Fabricius field-collected from light traps were bioassayed against several soil insecticides along with laboratory reared larvae of the predatory carabid Pterostichus melanarius Illiger. Adult S. comma beetles were exposed to serial dilutions of insecticides using a Potter spray tower; larvae of P. melanarius were exposed to insecticidally treated Plainfield sand. Fensulfothion, phorate, methomyl, carbofuran, and O,O-diethyl-S(tertbutylthio) methyl phosphorodithioate (Counter®) proved to be highly toxic to adult S. comma with a 0.01% solution causing mortalities > 65%. In the bioassay of P. melanarius larvae, Counter®, phorate, heptachlor, aldrin, and O-(2-chloro-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)vinyl) O-methyl ethylphosphonothioate (WL 24073) produced mortalities > 75% at 0.1 p.p.m. in Plainfield sand. The Pterostichus larvae which are probably important as predators of pest insects appear quite susceptible to several important soil insecticides. Chlorfenvinphos, leptophos, and p,p′-DDT were fairly innocuous to both adults and larvae.

GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A.C. Hagley ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Amara Aenea

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.

scholarly journals Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera) in a wooded meadow and in the adjacent habitats on the Saaremaa Island, Estonia

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tõnu Talvi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles were sampled by using pitfall traps during one season in traditionally managed wooded meadow and in adjacent habitats (dry meadow, deciduous forest and spruce forest) on Saaremaa Island, Estonia. A total of 2356 carabids belonging to 35 species were caught. The number of species and species diversity were highest in the wooded meadow and lowest in the dry meadow. In the wooded meadow, the dominant species were Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and P. niger, (Schaller), which counted together for 49% of the total sample. The highest number of scarce species was found in the wooded meadow. Similarity of the carabid assemblages was highest between the two types of forests. The carabid assemblage in the wooded meadow was most similar to that of the deciduous forest; the values of similarity of wooded meadow versus spruce forest and wooded meadow versus dry meadow were only slightly lower. The results indicate that high biodiversity level of the wooded meadow can be maintained only through continuous traditional management.

Predatory behavior of two species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) towards juvenile salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ovaska ◽  
M. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles are suspected to prey on terrestrial salamanders, but no records of this exist. We examined the behavior of two species of ground beetle (Scaphinotus angusticollis and Pterostichus melanarius) towards juvenile western red-backed salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum) in staged laboratory encounters. We predicted that the beetles would show more aggression towards small (snout–vent length (SVL) ≤30 mm) than large (30 < SVL ≤ 40 mm) juvenile salamanders, as small individuals frequently had missing tails (indicating predation) in the field. Our additional objective was to examine antipredator behavior of P. vehiculum. Scaphinotus angusticollis approached, bit, and climbed on the salamanders more frequently than P. melanarius did, but neither beetle behaved differently towards small and large salamanders. Small juveniles jerked away more frequently than larger individuals when bitten by P. melanarius and when climbed on by S. angusticollis, but otherwise the behavior of salamanders of the two size classes did not differ. After overnight encounters, the injuries on the salamanders included missing toes and tail tips and skin lacerations. Scaphinotus angusticollis consumed an additional six P. vehiculum, and P. melanarius consumed three. The damage was unrelated to the size (SVL) of the salamanders, but all individuals consumed were among the smallest we tested. We suggest that in terms of both its morphology and its behavior, S. angusticollis is better suited than P. melanarius to prey on P. vehiculum, and probably preys on hatchlings in the wild.

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY AND REARING OF TWO SPECIES OF GROUND BEETLES, PTEROSTICHUS MELANARIUS AND HARPALUS PENSYLVANICUS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

AbstractAdult carabid beetles of the species Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) and Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) were collected from a cultivated field near London, Ont., and brought into the laboratory for observation and mass culture in terraria; the culture method is described. Both species oviposited successfully in the laboratory; P. melanarius produced as many as 134 eggs/female over a 6-month period, whereas H. pensylvanicus deposited only about 10 eggs/female under similar conditions. However, percentage emergence in Harpalus was substantially higher (62.6) than with Pterostichus (36.8 and 45.7). Large numbers of first- and second-instar P. melanarius larvae may be obtained by using the rearing method described. The low oviposition rate of H. pensylvanicus made large-scale rearing of this species difficult.Observations are made on the mating behaviour and adult parasitization by horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) of Pterostichus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document