scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of dominant species of soil predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in agrolandscapes and their potential gluttony

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Fazlitdin Halimov
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus

We studied the seasonal change in the number of dominant species of predatory beetles on vegetable crops and determined their potential gluttony. A total of 1,472 beetles were collected, belonging to 22 species of ground beetles (Carabidae) and 27 species of rove beetles (Staphylinidae). The dominant species are: Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) (17.6% dominance), Amara fulva (De Geer) (13.28%), Bembidion properans (Stephens, 1828) (10.39%), Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) (6.20%), Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (5.39%), Poecilus cupreus Linnaeus, 1758 (5.3%), Bembidion femoratum Sturm, 1825 (5.10%), Aleochara bilineata, (Gyllenhaal, 1810) (17.6%), Aloconota gregagia (Erichson, 1839) (10.21%), Amischa analis (Gravenhorst, 1802) (6.01%), Amischa bifoveotata (Mannerheim, 1830) (5.41%). During the season, there is a change in dominant species. At the beginning of the season, smaller species dominate, while larger species dominate in the second half of the plant vegetation. The maximum number of predators are observed in June and August. The periods of the maximum abundance of ground beetles and rove beetles do not coincide in time, which is the evolutionary adaptation of two groups of predators that coexist. In laboratory experiments, when pest eggs were offered as food, Aleochara bilineata and Bembidion femoratum were the most voracious. Larger predator species showed high voracity when larvae of flies were offered as food.

Some patterns in distribution of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) at the agrocenoses of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
A.V. Putchkov
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
Reproduction Period ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

According to the habitat layers, ground beetles of agrocenoses of Ukraine were divided on three groups: preferential inhabitants of the soil (geobios), inhabitants of the surface of the soil and plant litter (stratobios) and preferential inhabitants of the plants (phytobios). Ground beetles of geobios were represented with about 20 species, from which only five species were relatively numerous. About 370 species were registered in stratobios (about 90 are dominants or subdominants). The inhabitants of the plant layer encompassed about 10 species, but most of them were rare in agrocenoses. Most spring zoophagous species of Carabidae (mainly species of the genus Poecilus) are characterized by a low level of aggregation (Ka = 0.25–0.35). A higher degree of aggregation was recorded for small species of ground beetles (Bembidion, Microlestes) and some mixophagous (Amara similata, A. aenea, Harpalus distinguendus). At summer, the higher level of aggregation was registered (Ka = 0.35–0.46), especially for summer-autumn group of ground beetles (Calathus ambiguus, C. melanocephalus, Harpalus rufipes) and some multi-seasonal species (Pterostichus melanarius). An essential factor affecting the distribution of ground beetles on the field is the density of the plants. On the plots with rare vegetation the accumulation of thermophilous and mesoxerophilous species (Poecilus crenuliger, P. koyi, P. puncticollis) was observed (significant correlation). Higher number of mesophilous and mesohygrophilous Carabidae (Bembidion properans, Poecilus cupreus, P. punctulatus) are registered on the plots with dense vegetation, especially during reproduction period. An increase in the number and diversity of the Carabidae are observed in relatively small fields (up to 50–60 ha), bordered by forest belts or natural biotops. In large fields (more than 100 ha) surrounded by similar crops, the abundance of dominant species of Carabidae was significantly decreased.

scholarly journals Seasonal quantity dynamics of ground beetles on spring wheat under different fertilization systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
N. Havryliuk ◽  
Ya. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus

Goal. Determine the dominant species of ground beetles in crops of spring wheat with different fertilization systems and study the seasonal dynamics of the number of ground beetles. Methods. The research was conducted in 2017—2019 years on the experimental field of NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine» in department of plant protection from pests and diseases. Accounting of carabids fauna in accordance with the generally accepted methodology, mainly using Barber soil traps. The ecological characteristics are given using literature data. Results. Specified species composition of the dominant species of carabids in spring wheat crops under different fertilization systems. Represented the seasonal quantity dynamics of mass species of carabids (Bembidion properans S., Harpalus affinis S., Harpalus rufipes D., Poecilus cupreus L., Harpalus distinguendus D.) with mineral (N90P60K90) and organic (with plowing of by-products of the predecessor) fertilizer systems. Population peaks on spring wheat reached maximums in May due to an increase in the activity of species of the spring-summer group of ground beetles (Bembidion properans S., Harpalus distinguendus D., Poecilus cupreus L.), in June — July — due to the summer-autumn group (Harpalus rufipes D. and Harpalus affinis S). Conclusions. The peak activity of carabids in different areas is due to the peculiarities of the biology of each species during the growing season of spring wheat and weather conditions. Of the dominant, the most widespread species with mineral fertilizers was Bembidion properans S., with organic — Harpalus affinis S. There is a difference in the trophic specialization of beetles. In the areas with mineral fertilizer, the number of zoophages and myxophytophages was almost at the same level — 33.4 and 36.6 %, respectively. Organic fertilizer was dominated by myxophytophagous carabids (44%) with a mixed type of diet due to the largest number of species and the number of the genus Harpalus, the percentage of zoophagous was 14.5 %.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641
Author(s):  
Janina Bennewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland. Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps. Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture. In field margin habitats the most abundant species were Limodromus assimilis, Anchomenus dorsalis, Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominant Poecilus cupreus and P. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protected Carabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protected Calosoma auropunctatum, and Broscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly by Prunus spinosa, Crataegus leavigata, Sambucus nigra and Rosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.

scholarly journals Structure of spider-harvestman assemblages (Arachnida, Araneae, Opiliones) of model biotopes of Visimskiy natural reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Sergei L. Esyunin ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda L. Ukhova ◽  
Anna M. Domolazova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Natural Reserve

The assemblages of herpetobion spiders from four habitats: two seven-year-old burns, spruce-birch and fir-spruce forests, were examined in the Visimskiy Reserve (Sverdlovsk Region) during May-September 2017 using pitfall-traps. The structure of the spiders population of burns significantly differs from that of forests in species composition, total occurrence rate (ind./100 trap-days), seasonal dynamics and composi-tion of the dominant species. Differences in the structure of the population are most pronounced in the summer. In summer spider assemblages of burns, the most abundant are Agyneta allosubtilis, Alopecosa pulverulenta, P. fulvipes, P. lugubris, P. riparia and Piratula hygrophila, in forests - Allomengea scopigera and Haplodrassus soerenseni.

scholarly journals Cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Reboleira ◽  
Rita Eusébio
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Geological Units ◽  
Territory Management ◽  
Adequate Management

The cave biodiversity of continental Portugal faces tremendous conservation challenges, mostly linked to their direct destruction and contamination infiltrating from the surface. Beetles are the most diverse insects and one of the most diverse arthropod groups in caves of Portugal. We present the IUCN Red List profiles for the cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal, all endemic to their respective geological units and massifs. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are the most diverse family of cave-adapted beetles in continental Portugal, followed by rove beetles (Staphylinidae). Beetles in caves of Portugal are mostly terrestrial and only one species is known to have evolved to live in groundwater. Trechus is the most diverse genus with four species, followed by Domene with three species and by Speonemadus and Iberoporus, both with one cave-adapted species. The aim of this contribution is to assess all endemic cave-adapted species of beetles from continental Portugal and to support their specific protection, to promote adequate management of surface habitats and the establishment of priority areas for conservation. The main biodiversity erosion drivers that are impacting the conservation of the studied species are pollution infiltrating from the surface, urbaniation, modifications of the natural habitat for touristic purposes and mining, quarrying and energy production infrastructures. This document can be used in spatial planning and territory management in karst, based on the current scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals Influence of Cover Crop Termination on Ground Dwelling Arthropods in Organic Vegetable Systems

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Laura Depalo ◽  
Giovanni Burgio ◽  
Serena Magagnoli ◽  
Daniele Sommaggio ◽  
Francesco Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Second Year

A key aspect in cover crop management is termination before the cash crop is planted. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of termination methods on ground-dwelling arthropods. The conventional mechanical termination method—i.e., green manuring by means of a disc harrow—was compared to flattening using a roller crimper. Two different crop systems were investigated for two growing seasons; cauliflower was grown in autumn after the termination of a mixture of cowpea, pearl millet, and radish, and tomato was cropped in spring and summer after the termination of a mixture of barley and vetch. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and spiders (Araneae) were sampled by means of standard pitfall traps throughout the growing season of both cash crops. The roller crimper increased the overall abundance of ground beetles in the first growing season of both cash crops, whereas in the second year, no significant effect could be detected. Rove beetles were more abundant in plots where the cover crops were terminated by the roller crimper. Finally, green manuring increased the abundance of spiders, especially on the first sampling date after cover crop termination. Albeit different taxa showed different responses, the termination of cover crops by a roller crimper generally increased the abundance of ground dwelling arthropods. Given that most of the sampled species were generalist predators, their increased abundance could possibly improve biological control.

scholarly journals Parasitofauna of Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Protected Landscape Area CHKO — Poľana

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Orosová ◽  
M. Goldová ◽  
J. Ciberej ◽  
G. Štrkolcová
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Baylisascaris Transfuga ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract During the years 2015—2016 we obtained 15 samples of faeces of brown bears (Ursus arctos) and 2 samples of gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of young female brown bears for helminthological examinations. The samples of faeces were collected from various sites in the protected landscape area CHKO-Poľana, and the gastrointestinal tracts originated from bears hunted down in the same area within permitted regulation of bear population for 2015. Of the 17 samples collected from the CHKO-Poľana area, 13 were positive for the presence of parasites (76.47 %). Parasitological examinations revealed the presence of 5 species of endoparasites: Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis, Baylisascaris and Ancylostoma. Roundworms Baylisascaris transfuga (46.15 %) and Ancylostoma spp. (30.77 %) were the dominant species. Observation of the seasonal dynamics showed the highest prevalence of parasites during autumn and winter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document