PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK ZA DAN SP 36 TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PADA TANAH ANDISOL

Effect of organic (biogrcen) and inorganic fetilizers (ammonium sulphate and SP36) on the yield and quality of the temanggung tobacco in andosol soil was studied at Galapansari - Temanggung, from Februai to December 2001. The organic and inorganic fetilizers were formulated in 10 packages, namely : (1) 570 kg ammonium sulphate (AS) ♦ 100 kg SP36; (2) the recommended rate for temanggung tobacco (20 000 kg stable manure 500 kg AS + 100 kg SP36; (3) 5 000 kg organic fetilizer (OF); (4) 7 500 kg OF; (5) 8 500 kg OF; (6) 10 000 kg OF; (7) 12 500 kg OF; (8) 14 500 kg OF; (9) 7 500 kg OF + 3 500 kg sUble manure (SM); (10) 7 500 kg OF + 4 500 kg SM. All the rates of fetilizers were based on one hectare planted area (16 500 plants) The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in four replicates. Results showed that organic fertilizer waa more effective than stable manure in improving die growth, yield and quality of temanggung tobacco. A the rate of 5 000 kg was sufficient to produce high ( 6 313 kg fresh or 800 kg sliced died leaves), grade index (51.68) and crop index (55.31). Key words : Organic fetilizer, ammonium sulfate, SP36, temanggung tobacco, andisol

PRODUKTIVITAS SOM JAWA (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) PADA BEBERAPA KOMPOSISI BAHAN ORGANIK

<p><strong>Productivity of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. on several of organ ics matter composition</strong></p><p>Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. is a tuber producing crop To produce (he optimum yield Ihe crop needs the soil with good physical properties and fertility The soil conditions may be improved by applying organic matter. An experiment was conducted to evaluate Ihe effect of the composition of organic matter (compost, stable manure and casting) on tuber yield of talinum. The experiment was carried out at the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crop. Bogor. from September 1996 to September 1997. in a randomized block designed with four replications. The treatments evaluated were Ihe ratio of soil organic matter, i.e (I) soil, (2) soil + stable manure (3:1); (3) soil + casting (3:1); (4) soil + bamboo leaf compost (3:1): (5) soil + casting + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (6) soil + stable manure + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (7) soil + stable manure ♦ casting (6:1:1). Seedling was planted in polybag containing 20 kg of tested media Plants were applied with I g urea, 3 g TSP and 3 g KCI/polybag as basal dressing, while 2 g of urea was applied as top dressing at 3 months after planting. Plants were harvested at I year after planting Result of experiment found thai 3 kinds of organic matter treatments could increase Ihe number, fresh weight, and dry weight of tuber The highest tuber production were 165.40 g fresh/plant and 26.75 g dried/plant resulted from soil and casting treatment (3 I).</p>

RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) HASIL RIMPANG KULTUR JARINGAN GENERASI KEDUA TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN

ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian mengenai respon temulawak hasil rimpang kultur<br />jaringan generasi kedua terhadap pemupukan telah dilaksanakan di lahan<br />petani Sumur Wangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Bogor dari bulan Oktober<br />2002 sampai bulan September 2003. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan<br />sebagai benih adalah rimpang induk temulawak hasil kultur jaringan<br />generasi kedua. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah : (1) tanpa pupuk (kontrol),<br />(2) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman, (3) pupuk kandang kambing 2<br />kg/tanaman, (4) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan<br />yaitu urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman dan,<br />(5) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan urea 2<br />g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman. Rancangan yang<br />digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap<br />ulangan terdiri atas sepuluh tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah<br />60 cm x 60 cm. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase tumbuh, jumlah<br />anakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun serta lingkar<br />batang pada umur empat bulan, bobot rimpang per tanaman, panjang, lebar<br />dan diameter rimpang, jumlah rimpang induk serta analisa mutu yang<br />meliputi kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri dan kurkumin pada umur<br />sembilan bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan,<br />tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang daun tidak dipengaruhi oleh<br />aplikasi pemupukan. Respon tanaman terhadap aplikasi pemupukan<br />berpengaruh terhadap parameter lebar daun dan lingkar batang.<br />Selanjutnya pemupukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat rimpang,<br />panjang rimpang, lebar rimpang serta jumlah rimpang induk namun<br />tidak berpengaruh terhadap diameter rimpang. Kandungan kurkumin<br />paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan.<br />Kata kunci : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, kultur jaringan,<br />pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Response of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)<br />derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to<br />fertilizer aplication<br />The experiment was conducted to study the response of temulawak<br />derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizer<br />application. It was carried out in a farmer field at Sumur Wangi, Bogor<br />from October 2002 to September 2003. Plant materials used were obtained<br />from in vitro rhizome of the second generation. Treatments tested were<br />five level of manure fertilizer and artificial fertilizer : (1) without fertilizer<br />(control), (2) stable manure 1 kg/plant, (3) stable manure 2 kg/plant, (4)<br />stable manure 1 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8<br />g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant and (5) stable manure 2 kg/plant + artificial<br />fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant. The<br />experiment was designed using a randomized block design with three<br />replications, ten plants per replication. Plant spacing was 60 cm x 60 cm.<br />The parameters observed were growth percentage, number of tillers, plant<br />height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, stem coil at four<br />months of age, rhizome weight, length and width, rhizome diameter and<br />number of main rhizomes. In addition, quality analysis was also conducted<br />on water, essential, oil and curcumin content, nine months of age. Result<br />showed that fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the number<br />of tillers, plant height, leaf number, rhizome length and diameter compared<br />with without fertilizer, but it significantly increased the leaf width, stem<br />coil, rhizome weight, length and width and also the number of main<br />rhizomes. The highest curcumin content was achieved by those without<br />fertilizer treatment.<br />Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, tissue culture, fertilizer<br />application, growth, yield, quality, West Java

The Effect of Stable Manure and Seedling Number on Growth and Yield of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica)

Black rice is one of fungtional food sources. The obstacle of its cultivation is availability of qualified seeds and organic fertilizers input. This research aimed to determine the effect of stable manure on growth and yield of black rice, to observe the effect of seddling number per planting hole and to obtain the best combination of stable manure and seedling number on the growth and yield of black rice. The research was conduct in rice field on Karanglewas Kidul village, Karanglewas district, Banyumas, Central Java during April until September 2016. This research used a split plot design, with 3 repetition. The main plot was three type of stable manure (chiken, goat and cow), while the subplot was seddling number (1, 2 and 3). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT at <em>p</em> 0.05 level. The results showed that chicken manure gave the highest productivity rice of 5.15 tons ha^-1. The 1 seedling each hole gave the highest result on panicle length and grain number per panicle. The better combination treatment was chicken manure and three seedling per planting hole wich gave the highest grain yield of 5.38 tons ha^-1.

Karakterisasi Plasma Nutfah Kangkung

<p>Characterization of Ipomoea reptans germplasm collection were done in order to describe the accessions and to utilize as working collection materials for breeding program. Description was aimed to identify the new collections of 15 accessions I. reptans which were taken from IVEGRI (Indonesia Vegetable Goverment Research Institute) germplasm collection. The experiment was carried out in Subang station (100 m asl) in dry season 2002. Each accession were planted 40 plant per plot of I. reptans with plant distance 20 x 30 cm. The plants of were fertilized with stable manure 20 t/ha and NPK (15 : 15 : 15) 500 kg/ha. The result of the study was a description of genetic resources that will be exchanged and utilized in breeding for high yielding varieties of I. reptans with better quality.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Karakterisasi plasma nutfah kangkung dilakukan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi sifat tanaman dan sebagai bahan working collection yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan dalam program pemuliaan. Penelitian mencakup 15 nomor aksesi kangkung di Kebun Percobaan Subang (100 m dpl) Jawa Barat pada musim kemarau 2002, tiap nomor dari masing-masing aksesi ditanam sebanyak 40 tanaman. Tanaman diberi pupuk kandang domba dengan takaran 20 t/ha dan NPK (15 : 15 : 15) 500 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan deskripsi plasma nutfah tanaman kangkung untuk pertukaran informasi mengenai sumber genetik yang akan digunakan dalam pemuliaan untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul dengan kualitas yang lebih baik.</p>

Nitrogen and Crude Proteins in Beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva) under Different Fertilization Treatments

The research aim was to determine the influence of different organic and mineral fertilization treatments and post-harvest treatments on the content of nitrogen and crude proteins in the edible part of beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva). A field trial (2003-2005) was set up in a hilly part of Croatia according to the Latin square method with four types of fertilization (control, 50 t ha-1 stable manure, 500 and 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 5-20-30), while treatments involved harvested fresh beetroot and stored fresh beetroot. The highest dry weight (DW) content was determined in climatologically favourable 2004 (average 14.8% DW) and in the treatment with 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 5-20-30 (15.6% DW) in harvested beetroot. In 2004 and 2005, the highest levels of nitrogen and crude proteins in harvested beetroot were determined in the treatment with 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 5-20-30 (2.41 and 2.43 g N kg-1 in fresh weight and 15.07 and 15.21 g crude proteins kg-1 in fresh weight, respectively). Regardless of fertilization treatment or studied year, nitrogen and crude protein contents were higher in stored than in harvested beetroot, by 12% on average. The lowest crude protein content was determined in treatment with stable manure what confirmed that protein content decreased by organic fertilization. It can be concluded that beetroot lost some water during the storage period, which increased its content of nitrogen and crude proteins in fresh weight and thus increased the nutritional quality of beetroot as a functional food.

Experimental testing of some types of biologically degradable materials for processing in the SBM mechanical plant for hydrothermal treatment

The SBM (stabiliser of biomass) mechanical plant model is designed for the hydrothermal treatment of biologically degradable materials with using the principle of thermal hydrolysis. The primary task of this equipment is to subject biologically degradable materials to hydrothermal treatment and to recover the materials for a further use or to eliminate them. These entities could use the mechanical plant for economic and environment-friendly methods of handling biologically degradable wastes or materials. The objective of the experiment with various types of biologically degradable materials was to establish the level for the transformation of input characteristics of tested materials after conversion in the SBM mechanical plant and to assess the suitability of the processing by using this method with respect to the use of the final product. Materials tested in the first experiments included stable manure heated or unheated during the processing and maize silage wastes in mixture with wood chips.