scholarly journals Características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches saborizadas elaboradas con leche caprina y bovina

2021 ◽  
pp. 46743
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Barquero-Saldarriaga ◽  
Alejandro Chacón-Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Leche De Cabra

Introducción. La leche de cabra es un producto de alto valor nutracéutico y alimenticio, en torno al cual no hay una cultura de consumo establecida en varios países, por lo que su empleo en el desarrollo de nuevos productos es prometedor. Objetivo. Definir el efecto de diferentes proporciones de leche caprina y bovina sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches saborizadas. Materiales y métodos. En el Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante el 2021, se formularon leches saborizadas de tres sabores diferentes con cinco niveles de inclusión de leche caprina y bovina (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %). Sobre estas se evaluaron el pH, acidez total, color instrumental (parámetros L*, b* y a*) y viscosidad, así como el agrado general, por medio de un panel con 110 jueces. Resultados. Al aumentar la proporción de leche caprina se registró en muchos de los casos, una disminución de pH y un aumento en la acidez en todas las muestras, así como un aumento en la viscosidad de las leches chocolatadas. El color en cada formulación no mostró diferencias en los parámetros a* y b* y L*, al variar las proporciones de leches. El análisis sensorial generó tres conglomerados de panelistas (15,5 %, 48,1 % y 36,4 %). Conclusión. La leche saborizada de fresa con una relación de leche bovina/leche caprina al 50 %, fue la que presentó la mejor combinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos y sensoriales.

scholarly journals Características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de helados de leche caprina y bovina con grasa vegetal.

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Alejandro Chacón-Villalobos ◽  
María Lourdes Pineda-Castro ◽  
Cristina Jiménez-Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Leche De Cabra

<p class="p1">El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la proporción de leche caprina y bovina sobre las características sensoriales y fisicoquímicas del helado saborizado con grasa vegetal. En Costa Rica, en el año 2010, se evaluó el efecto de tres porcentajes de inclusión de leche (100% cabra, 100% vaca y mezcla 50%:50%) y de diferentes sabores (fresa, topping de fresa y vainilla) sobre el aireamiento, textura, derretimiento, color y aceptación de helados con grasa vegetal. Ningún parámetro dependió del tipo de leche (p&gt;0,05), mientras el aireamiento varió entre lotes (p&lt;0,05). Existió una interacción sabor*tipo de leche para el derretimiento, dureza y pH, atribuibles a la adición de topping. En la medición colorimétrica hubo efecto significativo de las variables L*, a* y C* del sistema CIE sobre la variable sabor (p&lt;0,05), y una interacción tipo de leche*sabor para b* y °h (matiz o tono); fue atribuida al topping y los colorantes. La grasa vegetal y el topping aumentaron el contenido de sólidos totales en la mixtura, asociándose esto a un índice de aireación menor, a un bajo tiempo de derretimiento y mayor firmeza. Un análisis de conglomerados del agrado sensorial diferenció tres grupos: el 1 (15,25%) que gustó de todos los productos, el 2 (62,71%) que gustó medianamente de todos ellos, y el 3 (22,03%) que no manifestó agrado o desagrado. Los grupos 2 y 3 mostraron mayor agrado por productos con topping. Tanto los resultados obtenidos en el panel sensorial, como las caracterizaciones físico-químicas e instrumentales, muestran que el tipo de leche utilizada en la elaboración de helados no fue un factor determinante, por lo que puede ser factible elaborar helados con leche de cabra y obtener un producto de calidad y buena aceptación.</p>

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S28-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arroyo ◽  
L. Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
E. Arrieta-Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Prevalence

SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

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