scholarly journals Combate de sontol (Cyperus iria L.) en arroz.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Franklin Herrera ◽  
Renán Agüero A.
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Negative Effect

This experiment was conducted in a highly C. iria infested plot at "El Pelon" rice farm in Liberia, Costa Rica, to determine the control effectiveness of this weed by several hormonal and sulfonylurea herbicides and their selectivity to the rice crop, and to preliminarily estimate the negative effect of C. iria on the crop. The evaluated treatments included three new sulfonylureas, six herbicides recommended for cyperaceous and dicotyledonous control and an unweeded control. The herbicides were app!ied following each of the manufacturer's recommendations. The rice cultivar used was CR 1821 and the ground was kept saturated during the whole trial. The sulfonylurea herbicides, bensulfuron-ethyl and pyrazosulfuron-methyl, were the most effective in controlling C. iria, and they also were the highest yielding treatments. The herbicides commonly used for the cyperaceous control, showed intermediate control percentages of these weeds. When C. iria was not controlled, at approximately 30 days after planting, it completely covered the rice plants, completed its !ife cycle at 70 days and reduced the rice yield by 50%.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of rice paddies’ water layer temperature on rice yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
A Rau ◽  
I Begmatov ◽  
G Rau
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Irrigation Period

Abstract Studies on Akdala rice system found that rice plants sensitive to meteorological conditions. Climate change leads to changes in crop structure. The temperature of the rice field air and water has a special influence on the structure of the rice crop. It is established that the temperature of the water layer in rice paddies in the irrigation period does not exceeds 290 C, which is below the threshold of 350 C, when the flow and discharge of water from the paddies are recommended. The temperature of water in rice paddies, the surface layer was determined by an express thermometer, at the depth of the water layer 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm by Savin Thermometers, soil – thermometers TM-5.

scholarly journals Control of globe fringerush ( Fimbristylis miliacea ) and selectivity to rice crop irrigated with bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl associated with adjuvants

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu Tormena ◽  
Marcos Massuo Kashiwaqui ◽  
Cleber Daniel de Goes Maciel ◽  
João Igor de Souza ◽  
Carlos Rafael Brandalize Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the control of globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea ) and selectivity to rice crop irrigated with an in-tank mixture of bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl associated with adjuvants. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Douradina, Paraná state, Brazil (23º12'32.0" South, 53º17'39.9" West), in the agricultural year of 2012/2013. An experimental randomized complete block design with ten treatments and four replications was used. The treatments consisted of applying an in-tank mixture of the herbicides bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl at two doses (32+1.3 and 40+3.3 g ai ha-1) associated with the adjuvants Iharaguen(tm) (375 mL.ha-1), Orobor N1(tm) (75 mL.ha-1), LI 700(tm) (150 mL.ha-1) and TA 35(tm) (50 mL.ha-1), as well as weeded and unweeded control. Although the effectiveness of globe fringerush (F. miliacea ) control with the in-tank mixture of the herbicides bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl associated with Iharaguen(tm) and Orobor N1(tm) has been significantly higher than the effectiveness of these herbicides associated with LI 700(tm) and TA 35(tm), there were no significant differences among the treatments in terms of selectivity and grains yield of the rice cultivar Epagri 108.

scholarly journals Effect of the interaction between fungicide application time and rainfall simulation interval on Asian Soybean Rust control effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Tagliapietra Stefanello ◽  
Ricardo Silveiro Balardin ◽  
Simone Gripa Minuzzi ◽  
Diego Dalla Favera ◽  
Leandro Nascimento Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Negative Effect

Environmental factors affect the performance of fungicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). They also influence the residual activity of the products applied to the leaves. The objective of this study was to assess the control effectiveness of the interaction between fungicide application and rainfall simulation on Asian Soybean Rust (ASR). Two experiments were conducted, one in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, and the other in the field, in a randomized block design. Both the experiments had the same factorial arrangement of 6x5, with four replications. Factor A: Five fungicide applications time at 0400 h, 0900 h, 1400 h, 1800 h, 2300 h and, a control with no application; Factor B: four intervals of time between the application of fungicide and rainfall simulation at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min for the experiment in the greenhouse and at 2, 30, 60, 120 min for the experiment in the field. A control was included for both the experiments with no rainfall. The number of days to the appearance of the first pustules was determined, along with severity of ASR, relative chlorophyll index and productivity. It was found that the ASR control effectiveness of fungicide applications in soybean plants in sunlight was less efficient with rainfall simulation. The rainfall simulation had greater negative effect on disease control effectiveness in applications conducted at night under dew conditions. The application conducted at 0900 h showed the greatest disease control effectiveness in both greenhouse and in the field conditions. The 1400 h application showed decreased fungicide control residual and ASR control effectiveness, possibly due to a combination of the low relative humidity and high temperature. Rainfall simulation carried out at 120 min after application still had the ability to affect the ASR control effectiveness.

scholarly journals LA INSERCIÓN COMERCIAL DE CHINA EN LATINOAMÉRICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (310) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto López Arévalo ◽  
Óscar Rodil Marzábal
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>Este trabajo estudia los intercambios bilaterales de China con México, Chile, Costa Rica y Perú desde la óptica del comercio intraindustrial durante 1995-2017. En particular, se analizan las diferencias en el patrón de inserción intraindustrial en un contexto marcado por la existencia (Chile, Costa Rica y Perú) o no (México) de acuerdos de libre comercio con China. El estudio se completa con un análisis econométrico (efectos fijos) de los determinantes del comercio intraindustrial. Los resultados muestran una inserción de bajo perfil intraindustrial, con la excepción de algunas partidas específicas relativas a productos eléctricos y de la industria automotriz. Por otro lado, se confirma el efecto positivo del tamaño de la economía, de la inversión extranjera directa y de la diferenciación de producto, así como negativo de la diferencia en el nivel de ingreso; mientras que existe una indefinición en el papel de los acuerdos de libre comercio con China.<br /><br /></p><p>THE TRADE INTEGRATION OF CHINA IN LATIN AMERICA</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br />This paper studies China’s bilateral trade with Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica and Peru from the perspective of intra-industrial trade during 1995-2017. In particular, the differences in the pattern of intra-industrial insertion are analyzed in a context characterized by the existence (Chile, Costa Rica and Peru) or not (Mexico) of free trade agreements with China. An econometric analysis (fixed effects) of the determinants of intra-industrial trade completes the study. The results show a low intra-industrial profile, except for some specific items related to electrical products and the automotive industry. The positive effect of the size of the economy, foreign direct investment and product differentiation is also confirmed, as well as the negative effect of the difference in income level. However, there is an undefined role for free trade agreements with China.</p>

Prior crop and residue incorporation time affect the response of paddy rice to fertiliser nitrogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Ockerby ◽  
A. L. Garside ◽  
P. D. Holden ◽  
S. W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Legume Crops

Crop residues are an important source of nitrogen (N) for rice (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this research was to determine how the supply of mineral N from different prior crops or fallow might affect the growth and yield of rice. The study also tested whether N use by rice might be improved by timing the application of inorganic fertiliser N to supplement the N mineralised after prior crops. Experiments consisted of fallow, or cereal or legume crops in the dry-season followed by wet-season rice; and fallow, or cereal or legume crops in the wet- season followed by dry-season rice. Urea at one-third of the rate required for optimum rice yield was applied at 3 times during the rice crop: sowing, permanent flood, and/or panicle initiation. The prior fallow and crop treatments significantly influenced the growth and yield of rice crops. After a fallow, the pattern of soil N mineralisation promoted vegetative growth but was limiting during grain-filling. In contrast, after a cereal crop, rice vegetative growth was limited but grain-filling was promoted. Legume prior crops promoted both vegetative and grain growth. The benefits derived from growing the cereal or legume crops before rice, in terms of replacing fertiliser N, were dependent on the time at which fertiliser N was applied to the rice crop. In particular, legume crops frequently nullified the rice growth responses to fertiliser N. The results demonstrated that fallow and prior crops can alter the amount and timing of mineral N supply to a rice crop. Farmers should consider including a legume crop in rotation with rice because legumes supply N, which increases rice yield and reduces the requirement for fertiliser N. Cereal crops also contribute N, although farmers who use a cereal rotation should monitor the soil and crop N status during early rice growth, and supply extra fertiliser N to alleviate N deficiency.

Rice and red rice interference. II. Rice response to population densities of three red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo E. Estorninos ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Marilyn R. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Tiller Density

Red rice, which grows taller and produces more tillers than domestic rice and shatters most of its seeds early, is a major weed in many rice-growing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of the Kaybonnet (KBNT) rice cultivar to various population densities of three red rice ecotypes. The ecotypes tested were Louisiana3 (LA3), Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw), and Katy red rice (KatyRR). Compared with KBNT alone, LA3, the tallest of the three red rice ecotypes, reduced tiller density of KBNT 51%, aboveground biomass at 91 d after emergence (DAE) 35%, and yield 80%. Stgstraw, a medium-height red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 49%, aboveground biomass 26%, and yield 61%. KatyRR, the shortest red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 30%, aboveground biomass 16%, and yield 21%. Tiller density of rice was reduced by 20 to 48% when red rice density increased from 25 to 51 plants m−2. Rice biomass at 91 DAE was reduced by 9 and 44% when red rice densities were 16 and 51 plants m−2. Rice yield was reduced by 60 and 70% at red rice densities of 25 and 51 plants m−2, respectively. These results demonstrate that low populations of red rice can greatly reduce rice growth and yield and that short-statured red rice types may affect rice growth less than taller ecotypes.

scholarly journals Trass Effect as a Source of Silicon on Soil, Hay, Husk and Growth of Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Mirawanty Amin ◽  
Rahadian Adi Prasetyo ◽  
Chandra Padang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Accumulator Plant

Silicon (Si) is one of the important things for rice growth. The importance of Si relates to increased rice yield, increased resistance to disease and resistance to falling. The rice is an accumulator plant of Si which requires Si for its growth. However, the Si in soil is continually decreased therefore the additional Si is needed intothe soil. Trass is one of the natural materials containing Ca and Si, therefore it can be used as a Si fertilizer. This study aims to determine levels of soil Si, straw, husk, and growth in rice. This research consisted of three types of soil, Oxisol, Inceptisol and Vertisol as the main plot and 7 doses of burnt fuel namely 0 (D0); 1.25 (D1); 2.5 (D2); 3.75 (D3); 5 (D4); 7.5 (D5); 10 (D6) g kg-1 of soil as subplots. The treatment which is using in this research is a combination of the two factors and repeated 3 times 63 unit experiments were obtained. The results showed the Trass significant concerning to Si in the husk and Si of the soil. Vertisol gives the highest number of panicles of 27 and Si in the straw of 12.75 mg kg-1.

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