scholarly journals Efecto de las densidades de siembra y un fungicida en el rendimiento del frijol.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Bernardo Mora ◽  
Santiago Fernández ◽  
Guillermo Flores ◽  
Arturo Solórzano
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Varieties of Guaymí bean and the MUS 181 line were evaluated in five locations in Costa Rica, in five plant populations (140.000; 170.000; 200.000; 230.000 and 260.000 plants per hectare). Some plants were sprayed with benomyl 50PM fungicide at 0.35 kg per hectare, while others did not receive such treatment. Yield losses caused by pathogenic agents were determined, and an economic analysis of the treatment was performed. A low incidence of Mustia Hilachosa/bean diseases was reported on treated plants. Plant populations of 140.000 and 170.000 plants per hectare produced the greatest profit and the highest marginal return rateo

scholarly journals Comparative economic analysis of superintensive and intensive apple orchards

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Capital Requirement ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Professional Expertise ◽  
Long Run

The objective of thsi study was to compare economic aspects of superintensive and intensive apple production.According to our results, conclusions and recommendations regarding the establishment of superintensive orchards are the followings: A yield of 60 tons per hectare in the average of the mature years provide a quite late payback, in this way yield losses should be avoided in the plantation of such a huge capital requirement. When yield losses happen, which cannot be avoided or may be avoided only in a limited way, up to 65 to 70 tons per hectare yield should be reached even in good years, in order to yield the average 60 tons per hectare in the long run. In this case yield losses from production technological mistakes must not be arisen. Inputs and professional expertise should be used in a maximum way in order to reach yields ensuring profitable production. Investment subsidies may ensure safer return. The return of a superintensive orchard from totally own sources may be risky under the domestic marketing conditions and selling prices, it is strongly uncertain.

An Economic Analysis of Migration in Costa Rica

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Carvajal ◽  
David T. Geithman
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Analysis

scholarly journals Economic analysis of cucumber and lettuce intercropping under greenhouse in the winter-spring

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bráulio L. A Rezende ◽  
Arthur B Cecílio Filho ◽  
Aurélio P Barros Júnior ◽  
Diego R. Q Porto ◽  
Maria Inez E. G Martins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
São Paulo State

The economical analysis complements the evaluation of the intercrop systems efficiency, considering besides the physical production of crops, the price of products according to their quality classification and time of the year. Intercropping systems of lettuce and cucumber in two plant populations under greenhouse were economically evaluated in winter-spring, in Jaboticabal City, São Paulo State, Brazil. The total operating cost (TOC) of cucumber and lettuce as sole crop and intercropping were estimated, as well as gross revenue (GR) and operating profit (OP). The labor for the crops was the component with greater participation in the TOC of crops in intercropping and single crop. Greater GR and OP were observed in intercrops established by transplanting lettuce and cucumbers on the same day. Considering the operating profit and the land efficient ratio, it is recommended the intercropping of lettuce transplanted until 10 days after the transplanting (DAT) of cucumber with two rows per plot, and at 0 DAT of cucumber grown with a row plot

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of In-row Plant Spacing and Date of Harvest on `Beauregard' Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 606d-606
Author(s):  
Jonathon R. Schultheis ◽  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Edmund A. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Spacing Interval ◽  
The U.S

Yield in most crops can be increased with closer in-row spacing; however, the costs vs. benefits need to be assessed. A partial economic analysis was conducted at various plant spacings and harvest times to determine the best cultural management strategy. The effect of plant spacings (15.2, 22.9, 30.5, and 38.1 cm) and two dates of harvest (≈110 or 130 days after planting) were studied on `Beauregard' sweetpotato in one planting in 1991 and two planting locations in 1992. Weights were obtained for the U.S. Number 1, canner, jumbo, and cull grades. The 30.5-cm spacing interval was used as the standard comparison for economic analysis. Yields of sweetpotatoes increased as in-row spacing decreased. Based on economic analysis, the 38.1-cm spacing was always inferior to the 30.5-cm spacing. The preferred in-row spacing of `Beauregard' sweetpotato is 22.9 if a late harvest is anticipated, while the 15.2-cm spacing would be best if harvesting at ≈110 days after transplanting. As long as moisture is not limiting and planting is before mid-June, sweetpotato growers should place `Beauregard' plants at an in-row spacing of 15.2 or 22.9 cm, depending on projected date of harvest, to obtain the best yields with the highest marginal return on investment.

Frugivorous weevils are too rare to cause Janzen–Connell effects in New Guinea lowland rain forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ctvrtecka ◽  
Katerina Sam ◽  
Erik Brus ◽  
George D. Weiblen ◽  
Vojtech Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Specialist Species

Abstract:A community of frugivorous weevils was studied by quantitative rearing of 57 weevil species represented by 10485 individuals from 326 woody plant species in lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea. Only fruits from 35% of plant species were attacked by weevils. On average, weevils were reared from only 1 in 33 fruits and 1 kg of fruit was attacked by 2.51 individuals. Weevil host specificity was relatively high: 42% of weevil species fed on a single plant genus, 19% on a single plant family and only 16% were reared from more than one family. However, monophagous specialists represented only 23% of all reared individuals. The average 1 kg of fruits was infested by 1.84 individuals of generalist weevils (feeding on allogeneric or allofamilial host species), 0.52 individual of specialists (feeding on a single or several congeneric species), and 0.15 individual of unknown host specificity. Large-seeded fruits with thin mesocarp tended to host specialist species whereas those with thick, fleshy mesocarp were often infested with both specialists and generalists. Weevils tended to avoid small-seeded, fleshy fruits. The low incidence of seed damage (3% of seeds) suggests that weevils are unlikely to play a major role in regulating plant populations via density-dependent mortality processes outlined by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize Germ Plasm for Resistance to Maize Rayado Fino Virus

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro I. Bustamante ◽  
Rosemarie Hammond ◽  
Pilar Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
New Cultivars

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes severe yield losses in maize (Zea mays) in Latin America with reductions of 40–50% on indigenous genotypes and 100% in some new cultivars. A collection of 20 different maize genotypes were obtained from the Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT, México), Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit (EEFB-Alajuela), and the Consejo Nacional de la Producción (CNP-Costa Rica). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and symptom severity were used to evaluate the responses of the maize genotypes to MRFV infection under screenhouse conditions. Two genotypes from the CIMMYT germ plasm collection (accession nos. 2980-93 and 3974) showed mild and delayed symptoms and low MRFV concentrations as determined by ELISA.

scholarly journals Análisis agroeeonómico del uso de semilla mejorada de maíz en los valles altos de México.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Alejandro Espinosa ◽  
Miguel A. López ◽  
Margarita Tadeo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Yield Decrease

The productive capacity of fue generations F1 (commercial seed) and F2 (recycled seed) from the H-34, H- 33, H-68, and H-36 corn hybrids, produced for high valleys of Mexico by the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (lNIFAP) was evaluated. The simple cross of CIMMYT, and as a reference, of an open pollinated corn variety from INIFAP (V-23) were also evaluated. An analysis of yield and other agronomic characteristics of the materials was performed. Likewise, an economic analysis to determine the optimal alternative for growers concerning the use of seeds during two cycles, was undertaken. All of the hybrids showeda yield decrease when using F2 seed, compared to the use of F2 seed, with the decrease varying from 5.5% to 51.3%. The greatest yield decrease due to use of seed F2 corresponded to the simple hybrid H-34 (F2), which only yielded 4.327 kglha, as compared to 8.892 kg/ha for the corresponding F1 seed. Yield of the V-23 variety was 7.488 kg/ha, which was statistically surpassed by the CIMMYT F1 simple cross (9.930 kglha), and was not significantly different from H-34 (F1), H-33 (F1) - 8.887 kglha; H-36 (F1) - 9.133 kglha; and F2 CIMMYT simple crosses (8.999 kglha). Excluding the latter, no other genotype surpassed the yield of the F2 seed variety. Economic analysis was based on the yields' trial results, on information about prices of seeds and grains, and the seed/hectare rateo The best option for corn producers of the region is to use double hybrid commercial seeds (F1) in both years, which provides a marginal return rate of over 1.500%.

scholarly journals Análisis económico de la utilización de inoculante biológico (Rhizobium sp.) en frijol común, en la Región Brunca, Costa Rica.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Guillermo Flores ◽  
Juan Carlos Hernández ◽  
Miguel Acosta ◽  
Mario Montero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Biological Inoculants ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

This study was carried out in two zones of the Brunca Region using a biological inoculants of the Rhizobium sp bacteria. The objective was to reduced the chemical fertilizer utilization. Four treatments were evaluated: Absolute control; Inoculants (0,7 kg/ha); Inoculants (0,7 kg/ha)+ Fertilizer 10-30-10 (63 kg/ha is) and Fertilizer10-30-10 (125 kg/ha) in property of farmer at a density of 30-32 kg seed/ha. A partial budget and an analysis of Dominance (CIMMYT, 1988) were used to carry out the economic analysis determining net profit and marginal rate of return. In the zone of Changuena, Buenos Aires the use of single inoculants presented the higher net profit and a rate of marginal return of 388%. For the zone of Pejibaye de Pérez Zeledón the use of single fertilizer obtained the higher net profit and a rate of marginal return of 621%, inoculants+ fertilizer 814% and single inoculants 173%. The use of biological inoculants was a practice economically profitable for the farmers

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