Interacciones temporales y espaciales de mesocarnívoros simpátricos en una Reserva de la Biosfera: ¿coexistencia o competencia?

Interspecific interactions among tropical mesocarnivorous species and other mammalian trophic guilds have been poorly studied, despite they have important implications in the survival, structure, demography, and distribution of these species. In this study we analyzed spatio-temporal interactions of three sympatric mesocarnivores that are located in the Northeastern limit of their geographic distribution in Mexico, with the objective of analyzing if these species coexist or compete in the axis of the temporal and spatial niche. With a sampling period from January 2015 to December 2016 and 26 camera-trapping stations (with in a set of two camera traps opposite to each other) and located along roads and animal trails, we determined the activity pattern and habitat use of L. wiedii (margay), L. pardalis (ocelote) y P. yagouaroundi (yaguarundi). All independent photographs of each species were grouped into three temporal categories (day, night and twilight) and six habitat categories; Oak Forest, Oak-Pine Forest, Cloud Forest, Pine-Oak Forest, Tropical Deciduous Forest and Medium Forest. Temporal and spatial overlap between species (i.e interactions) was obtained with the Czekanowski index and the Pianka index, respectively. These indices are symmetrical and take values from zero to one, where the results close to zero indicate that there is no overlap between species and values close to one indicate overlap. We obtained a total of 379 independent photographs, of which 239 corresponded to margay, 118 to ocelot and 22 to yaguarundi. Margay and ocelot were nocturnal, with 75 % of their records in this category showing a high temporal overlap (0.85); whereas yaguarundi was fully diurnal, suggesting it may be able to coexist with the other two species (margay and ocelot). Moreover, the yaguarundi used habitat similar to ocelot and margay (with high spatial overlap of 0.81 and 0.72, respectively), while the spatial overlap between the margay and ocelot was intermediate (0.53), since they used in most cases different habitat types. Our results suggest that there is no interspecific competition among these tropical mesocarnivorous species, probably due to antagonistic interactions among them on the temporal and spatial axis. These strategies may positively favor populations of mesocarnivores, which are characterized by having a high territorial behavior.

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Inventario florístico del Cerro El Cebú y zonas adyacentes en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo (Polígono V), Chiapas, México

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1779 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Jorge Martínez-Meléndez ◽

Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera ◽

Oscar Farrera-Sarmiento

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Red List ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Oak Forest

A total of 502 species that belong to 115 families and 301 genera were recorded for Mt. El Cebu and adjacent zones in Polygon V of the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve. The most speciose families were Orchiclaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae and polypodiaceae with 58, 29, 28, 17, and 17 species, respectively. Six plant communities were recognized in the area, among which the cloud forest was the most diverse with 234 species, followed by pine-oak fore st with 150 species, and the tropical rain forest with 127. The oak forest and the tropical deciduous forest were less diverse, with 71 and 39 species, respectively. Only 13 species are included in the Mexican red list of endangered taxa.

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Improved NDVI based proxy leaf-fall indicator to assess rainfall sensitivity of deciduousness in the central Indian forests through remote sensing

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74563-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Beependra Singh ◽

C. Jeganathan ◽

V. S. Rathore

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Leaf Fall ◽

Elevation Gradients ◽

Regional Energy ◽

Vegetation Fraction ◽

Rainfall Anomalies ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Indian Forests ◽

Normal Rainfall

Abstract Quantifying the leaf-fall dynamics in the tropical deciduous forest will help in modeling regional energy balance and nutrient recycle pattern, but the traditional ground-based leaf-fall enumeration is a tedious and geographically limited approach. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable spatial proxy leaf-fall (i.e., deciduousness) indicator. In this context, this study attempted to improve the existing deciduousness metric using time-series NDVI data (MOD13Q1; 250 m; 16 days interval) and investigated its spatio-temporal variability and sensitivity to rainfall anomalies across the central Indian tropical forest over 18 years (2001–2018). The study also analysed the magnitude of deciduousness during extreme (i.e., dry and wet) and normal rainfall years, and compared its variability with the old metric. The improved NDVI based deciduousness metric performed satisfactorily, as its observed variations were in tandem with ground observations in different forest types, and for different pheno-classes. This is the first kind of study in India revealing the spatio-temporal character of leaf-fall in different ecoregions, elevation gradients and vegetation fraction.

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Chlorophyll Changes Using Neural Network and Vegetation Indices in Tropical deciduous forest

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23278/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saurabh Kumar Gupta ◽

Arvind Chandra Pandey

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Vegetation Indices ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background: Ongoing climate and Earth’s atmosphere changes create profound effect on distribution and composition of forest, as well as on the fauna that depends on forest. The Sentinel-2A satellite data eases the mapping of Leaf Chlorophyll Content (LCC) at higher spatial and temporal resolution. In the present study, the temporal dimension of LCC was evaluated as an indicator of plant stress. LCC was retrieved using the inversion of the radiative transfer model based on an artificial neural network. The data used for Spatio-temporal modelling of LCC was Landsat data.Result: From the Sentinel imagery derived vegetation indices, it was found that the narrowband indices having high correlation with LCC were pigment specific simple ratio and normalized difference index (45) (R2 > 0.7; p < 0.001) centred at 665 nm, 705 nm, and 740 nm. Landsat 8 infrared percentage vegetation index had a strong relationship with LCC (R2 =0.8). The Spatio-temporal (1997 to 2017) plant stress were detected using changes in LCC through an equation of correlation. The negative changes and deterioration of LCC were seen in the forest during the year 1997 to 20I7(rate = -1.2 µgcm-2year-1) showing higher rate of forest health decline. Conclusion: The 33% of plant stress increased currently in the protected forest mainly because of anthropogenic influences. These vast decline in the chlorophyll gives rise to various photosynthetic vulnerabilities in forest ecosystem and indirectly affects human including wildlife.

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Mammals from the Tarascan Plateau, Michoacán, México.

Revista Mexicana de Mastozoologia ◽

10.22201/ie.20074484e.1999.4.1.81 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Constantino Orduña Trejo ◽

Alondra Castro Campillo ◽

José Ramírez Pulido

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Key Words ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

First Record ◽

The State ◽

Rodent Species ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Mountain Range

Resumen: Se examinaron 568 ejemplares de mamíferos nativos de 49 especies, procedentes de 49 localidades de la Meseta Tarasca o Sierra Purépecha del Estado de Michoacán, México. Las especies encontradas en esta región del Eje Volcánico Transversal incluyen 1 marsupial, 2 insectívoros, 17 quirópteros, 2 carnívoros, 24 roedores y 1 lagomorfo. Para calcular la diversidad de especies en los cuatro hábitats muestreados, se utilizaron las 2 especies de insectívoros y 21 de roedores. De mayor a menor diversidad, en el bosque de pino-encino se recolectaron 201 individuos de 15 especies (H’ = 2.49), en el bosque tropical caducifolio 142 de 15 especies (H’ = 2.43), en el bosque de oyamel 92 individuos de 10 especies (H’ = 2.01) y en las áreas de ecotono 52 individuos de cuatro especies (H’ = 1.15). El registro de Hylonycteris underwoodi es el primero para las partes altas del Estado de Michoacán. Abstract: We examined 568 specimens of native mammals belonging to 47 species from 49 localities of the Tarascan Plateau or Sierra Purépecha mountain range in the State of Michoacán, México. Species composition of this enclave in the Transvolcanic Belt is 1 marsupial, 2 insectivores, 17 bats, 2 carnivores, 24 rodents, and 1 lagomorph. To calculate the species diversity according to the four sampled habitats, only the 2 insectivore and 21 rodent species were included. From higher to lower diversity values, we found 201 specimens from 15 species in pine-oak forest (H’ = 2.49), 142 from 15 species in tropical deciduous forest (H’ = 2.43), 92 specimens belonging to 10 species fir forest (H’ = 2.01), and 52 from four species in an ecotonal area (H’ =1.15). Hylonycteris underwoodi is the first record for the highlands from the State of Michoacan. Key words: Mammals, distribution, diversity, Tarascan Plateau, Michoacán.

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La flora arbórea de Michoacán, México

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1721 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eva M. Cué-Bär ◽

José Luis Villaseñor ◽

Libertad Arredondo-Amezcua ◽

Guadalupe Cornejo-Tenorio ◽

Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Tropical Dry Forest ◽

The State ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Geologic History

Based on the review of floristic and taxonomic literature, as well as on the examination of specimens housed at the herbaria of the Centro Regional del Bajío (IEB) and the Instituto de Biología (MEXU), we recorded 845 species, 352 genera and 100 families of trees for the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The largest numbers of species per family were recorded for Asteraceae (82), Fabaceae (74), Mimosaceae (67), Caesalpiniaceae (39) and Burseraceae (38), while at the genus level Bursera (37), Quercus (35), Lonchocarpus (19), Senna (18), and Acacia (16) are the most speciose. The genus Beiselia (Burseraceae) and 14 species (1.8 %) are strict endemics to the state. A total of 28 families (28%) and 210 genera (60%) are represented in the state only by one tree species each. The most important vegetation types according to their species richness are tropical deciduous forest (593, 70.2%), coniferous forest (336, 39.8%) and oak forest (332, 39.3%). A high proportion (69.9%) of Michoacán’s tree species is located in 2-4 vegetation types; 173 species (21.5%) have been found just in one type, mainly in the tropical dry forest (87 species, 10.3%). The floristic richness of Michoacán is largely explained by its complex geologic history, its rugged physiography, its diverse climate, and its multiple vegetation types, as well as by its location at the confluence of the Holartic and Neotropical floristic kingdoms. Counties and species on which to focus conservation efforts for trees in the state are pinponted.

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Diversidad, abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de mamíferos medianos y grandes en una selva seca del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v62i4.13285 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Malinalli Cortés-Marcial ◽

Miguel Briones-Salas

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Didelphis Virginiana ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Line Transect ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Large Mammals ◽

Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

The use of camera traps and mammal track search are complementary methods to monitoring species of which is not well documented their natural history, as in the case of medium and large mammals. To ensure its conservation and good management, it is necessary to generate information about the structure of the community and their populations. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduous forest located in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samplings were conducted in three month intervals, from September 2011 to May 2013. We used photographic-sampling and track search, two complementary sampling methods. For photographic-sampling, 12 camera traps were placed covering an area of 60km2, while for the tracks search a monthly tour of four line-transect surveys of three kilometers length each was undertaken. We obtained a total of 344 pictures with 5 292 trap-days total sampling effort; in addition, 187 track records in a total of 144km. With both methods we registered 21 species of mammals, in 13 families and seven orders, and five species resulted in new records to the area. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener obtained with the method of tracks was H´=2.41, while the most abundant species were Urocyon cinereoargenteus (IAR=0.23) and Pecari tajacu (IAR=0.20). By the method of trap the most abundant species were P. tajacu (IAR=2.62) and Nasua narica (IAR=1.22). In terms of patterns of activity P. tajacu, N. narica and Odocoileus virginianus were primarily diurnal species; Canis latrans and Leopardus pardalis did not show preference for any schedule in particular, and Didelphis virginiana and Dasypus novemcinctus preferred to have nocturnal activity. This information can be of help to the creation of programs of management and conservation of mammals of medium and large in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México.

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Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Carabids Influenced by Small-Scale Admixture of Oak Trees in Pine Stands

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12100398 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 398

Author(s):

Alexandra Wehnert ◽

Sven Wagner ◽

Franka Huth

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

Small Scale ◽

Spatial Effects ◽

Oak Trees ◽

Geostatistical Models ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Spatio Temporal

In a region with poor soil fertility, low annual precipitation and large areas of homogenous Pinus sylvestris L. forests, conservation of old sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) trees is one option to enrich structure and species richness. We studied the affinities of Carabus coriaceus, C. violaceus, C. hortensis and C. arvensis for specific tree species and the resultant intra- and interspecific interactions. We focused on their temporal and spatial distributions. Pitfall traps were used as a surface-related capture method on a grid over an area of three hectares. Generalised linear models and generalised linear geostatistical models were used to analyse carabid activity densities related to distance-dependent spatial effects corresponding to tree zones (oak, oak–pine, pine). The results demonstrated significant spatial affinities among these carabids, especially for females and during the period of highest activity. Individuals of C. coriaceus showed a tendency to the oak zone and C. hortensis exhibited a significant affinity to the oak–pine mixture. Imagines of C. arvensis and C. violaceus were more closely related to pine. The observed temporal and spatial coexistence of the different Carabus species reveals that single admixed old oak trees can support greater diversity within pine-dominated forests.

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Distribution and diversity of Papilionidae and Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Mexico

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v68i1.37587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Armando Luis-Martínez ◽

Alejandra Sánchez García ◽

Omar Ávalos-Hernández ◽

José Luis Salinas-Gutiérrez ◽

Marysol Trujano-Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Species Richness And Diversity

Introduction: A reliable list of species and the analysis of diversity patterns of hyperdiverse taxa, like butterflies, are fundamental for monitoring and managing biological resources. Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico for many groups including Lepidoptera and most of its diversity is unknown. Objective: to estimate and describe the species richness and diversity of Papilionidae and Pieridae along an altitudinal gradient and five vegetation types in the Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Sierra Madre del Sur. Methods: Sampling effort comprised 222 collecting days during a period of seven years. We estimated the alpha diversity for 17 sites within an elevational gradient from 80 to 2 850 m, with five vegetation types: tropical deciduous forest (TDF), tropical sub-deciduous forest (TSDF), cloud forest (low and middle levels) (CF), oak-pine and cloud forest (high level) (OPCF) and oak-pine forest (OPF). Results: We obtained a list of 69 species (27 Papilionidae and 42 Pieridae), of 34 genera and five subfamilies, from literature records and fieldwork. These species are 60 % of the Pieridae and 48 % of the Papilionidae recorded for the state. The Loxicha Region has 36 % of the Pieridae and 30 % of the Papilionidae of Mexico. Both families present different species richness patterns by vegetation type. Papilionidae is richer in the TDF with 23 estimated species and most of the species of this family (84 %) occur below 500 m. Meanwhile, species richness of Pieridae has non-significant differences among vegetations types, except for OPF which has fewer species than the other types. The elevational gradient was divided into three levels (0-750, 750-1 800, 1 800-2 850 m) showing a reduction of species richness and diversity for both families at higher altitudes. Conclusions: Papilionidae species are more restricted to a vegetation type or elevational level than Pieridae species. Likely reasons are higher vagility (including migrations) and wider ecological tolerance of most Pieridae.

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Nuevo registro de margay (Leopardus wiedii) en Nayarit, México

Revista Mexicana de Mastozoologia ◽

10.22201/ie.20074484e.2019.1.1.275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Víctor H. Luja ◽

María G. Zamudio

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

State Level ◽

First Record ◽

The State ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Natural Park ◽

Dirt Road ◽

Wild Cats

ResumenDe las seis especies de felinos silvestres que habitan en México, es del margay o tigrillo (Leopardus wiedii) una de las que menos información se tiene. En Nayarit no se cuenta con información detallada de su distribución a nivel estatal, encontrando únicamente dos registros para esta especie. Como parte de un muestreo piloto utilizando cámaras trampa en el parque natural La Montaña Encantada, Municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit, se obtuvieron cuatro registros de margay. Una fotografía se tomó en un arroyo en una selva mediana subcaducifolia, mientras que los tres restantes se obtuvieron en un camino de terracería de un bosque de latifoliadas, camino que también fue utilizado por personas a pie y en vehículo. Tres de las cuatro imágenes corresponden al mismo individuo, mientras que la cuarta no pudo ser identificada por ser del costado izquierdo del organismo. Además por la pérdida del hábitat natural, se detectaron gatos y perros ferales, lo que representa un peligro para la permanencia de esta especie en la zona. Los registros del presente trabajo confirman la presencia del margay en el estado y constituye el primer registro para el municipio de Xalisco, ampliando su distribución conocida 83.7 km suroeste y 43.7 km sureste de los registros previos.Palabras clave: carnívoros, felinos, Nayarit, margay.AbstractOf the six species of wild cats that inhabit Mexico, it is the margay or tigrillo (Leopardus wiedii) one of the least information available. In Nayarit, there is no information on its distribution at the state level with only two records for this species. As part of a pilot study in La Montaña Encantada natural park, municipality of Xalisco, Nayarit, four records of margay were obtained. One photograph was obtained in a dry stream surrounded by tropical deciduous forest, while the other three were taken on a dirt road from an oak forest. This road was also used by people on foot and by vehicle. Three of the four images corresponded to the same individual, while the fourth could not be identified because the picture shows the left side of the organism. In addition to the loss of natural habitat, feral cats and dogs were detected, which represents a danger for the permanence of this species in the area. The records of this work confirm the presence of the margay in the state, represents the first record for the Municipality of Xalisco, and extend its known distribution 83.7 km to the southwest and 43.7 km to the southeast of the previous records.Key words: carnivores, felines, Nayarit, margay.

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