Uncertainty in the Estimation of Arctic Surface Temperature during Early 1900s Revealed by the Comparison between HadCRU4 and 20CR Reanalysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Baek-Min Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Arctic Surface

Long-term trends in Arctic surface temperature and potential causality over the last 100 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Xiao ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Miao ◽  
X. San Liang ◽  
Kun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Arctic Surface

scholarly journals Comparison of satellite, thermochron and air temperatures at Summit, Greenland, during the winter of 2008/09

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (198) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora S. Koenig ◽  
Dorothy K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Arctic Surface

AbstractCurrent trends show a rise in Arctic surface and air temperatures, including over the Greenland ice sheet where rising temperatures will contribute to increased sea-level rise through increased melt. We aim to establish the uncertainties in using satellite-derived surface temperature for measuring Arctic surface temperature, as satellite data are increasingly being used to assess temperature trends. To accomplish this, satellite-derived surface temperature, or land-surface temperature (LST), must be validated and limitations of the satellite data must be assessed quantitatively. During the 2008/09 boreal winter at Summit, Greenland, we employed data from standard US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) air-temperature instruments, button-sized temperature sensors called thermochrons and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument to (1) assess the accuracy and utility of thermochrons in an ice-sheet environment and (2) compare MODIS-derived LSTs with thermochron-derived surface and air temperatures. The thermochron-derived air temperatures were very accurate, within 0.1 ± 0.3°C of the NOAA-derived air temperature, but thermochron-derived surface temperatures were ∼3°C higher than MODIS-derived LSTs. Though surface temperature is largely determined by air temperature, these variables can differ significantly. Furthermore, we show that the winter-time mean air temperature, adjusted to surface temperature, was ∼11°C higher than the winter-time mean MODIS-derived LST. This marked difference occurs largely because satellite-derived LSTs cannot be measured through cloud cover, so caution must be exercised in using time series of satellite LST data to study seasonal temperature trends.

scholarly journals The Influence of Changes in Cloud Cover on Recent Surface Temperature Trends in the Arctic

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Jeffrey R. Key ◽  
Xuanji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Temperature Trend ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Arctic Surface

Abstract A method is presented to assess the influence of changes in Arctic cloud cover on the surface temperature trend, allowing for a more robust diagnosis of causes for surface warming or cooling. Seasonal trends in satellite-derived Arctic surface temperature under clear-, cloudy-, and all-sky conditions are examined for the period 1982–2004. The satellite-derived trends are in good agreement with trends in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis product and surface-based weather station measurements in the Arctic. Surface temperature trends under clear and cloudy conditions have patterns similar to the all-sky trends, though the magnitude of the trends under cloudy conditions is smaller than those under clear-sky conditions, illustrating the negative feedback of clouds on the surface temperature trends. The all-sky surface temperature trend is divided into two parts: the first part is a linear combination of the surface temperature trends under clear and cloudy conditions; the second part is caused by changes in cloud cover as a function of the clear–cloudy surface temperature difference. The relative importance of these two components is different in the four seasons, with the first part more important in spring, summer, and autumn, but with both parts being equally important in winter. The contribution of biases in satellite retrievals is also evaluated.

scholarly journals Pacific contribution to decadal surface temperature trends in the Arctic during the twentieth century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Svendsen ◽  
Noel Keenlyside ◽  
Morven Muilwijk ◽  
Ingo Bethke ◽  
Nour-Eddine Omrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
External Forcing ◽  
Arctic Warming ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Instrumental Records ◽  
Arctic Surface

AbstractInstrumental records suggest multidecadal variability in Arctic surface temperature throughout the twentieth century. This variability is caused by a combination of external forcing and internal variability, but their relative importance remains unclear. Since the early twentieth century Arctic warming has been linked to decadal variability in the Pacific, we hypothesize that the Pacific could impact decadal temperature trends in the Arctic throughout the twentieth century. To investigate this, we compare two ensembles of historical all-forcing twentieth century simulations with the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM): (1) a fully coupled ensemble and (2) an ensemble where momentum flux anomalies from reanalysis are prescribed over the Indo-Pacific Ocean to constrain Pacific sea surface temperature variability. We find that the combined effect of tropical and extratropical Pacific decadal variability can explain up to ~ 50% of the observed decadal surface temperature trends in the Arctic. The Pacific-Arctic connection involves both lower tropospheric horizontal advection and subsidence-induced adiabatic heating, mediated by Aleutian Low variations. This link is detected across the twentieth century, but the response in Arctic surface temperature is moderated by external forcing and surface feedbacks. Our results also indicate that increased ocean heat transport from the Atlantic to the Arctic could have compensated for the impact of a cooling Pacific at the turn of the twenty-first century. These results have implications for understanding the present Arctic warming and future climate variations.

scholarly journals Arctic surface temperature change to emissions of black carbon within Arctic or midlatitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. 7788-7798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sand ◽  
Terje Koren Berntsen ◽  
Øyvind Seland ◽  
Jón Egill Kristjánsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Arctic Surface

scholarly journals One hundred years of Arctic surface temperature variation due to anthropogenic influence

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Fyfe ◽  
Knut von Salzen ◽  
Nathan P. Gillett ◽  
Vivek K. Arora ◽  
Gregory M. Flato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Surface Temperature Variation ◽  
Arctic Surface

Arctic Surface, Cloud, and Radiation Properties Based on the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Dataset. Part II: Recent Trends

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2575-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanji Wang ◽  
Jeffrey R. Key
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Cloud Fraction ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Annual Time Scale ◽  
Annual Time ◽  
Arctic Surface

Abstract Over the past 20 yr, some Arctic surface and cloud properties have changed significantly. Results of an analysis of satellite data show that the Arctic has warmed and become cloudier in spring and summer but has cooled and become less cloudy in winter. The annual rate of surface temperature change is 0.057°C for the Arctic region north of 60°N. The surface broadband albedo has decreased significantly in autumn, especially over the Arctic Ocean, indicating a later freeze-up and snowfall. The surface albedo has decreased at an annual rate of −0.15% (absolute). Cloud fraction has decreased at an annual rate of −0.6% (absolute) in winter and increased at annual rates of 0.32% and 0.16% in spring and summer, respectively. On an annual time scale, there is no trend in cloud fraction. During spring and summer, changes in sea ice albedo that result from surface warming tend to modulate the radiative effect of increasing cloud cover. On an annual time scale, the all-wave cloud forcing at the surface has decreased at an annual rate of –0.335 W m−2, indicating an increased cooling by clouds. There are large correlations between surface temperature anomalies and climate indices such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index for some areas, implying linkages between global climate change and Arctic climate change.

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