scholarly journals Tribocorrosion in Dental Implants: an In-Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Figueiredo-Pina ◽  
V. Moreira ◽  
R. Colaço ◽  
A.P. Serro
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Anodic Current ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Metal Ion Release

The relative motion between the zirconia abutment and the titanium implant in the presence of saliva might lead to tribocorrosion and consequently metal ion release and ion contamination of peri -implant tissues. In order to study this issue tribocorrosion, tests were performed in open circuit potential (OCP) and during anodic polarization in two different configurations: titanium ball pin on zirconia plate and zirconia ball pin on titanium plate. For both configurations, the OCP decreases and the anodic current increases during the wear testing. The results showed different tribocorrosion response between configurations. The higher OCP drop and anodic current was obtained for the configuration titanium ball pin on zirconia plate.

scholarly journals Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Manjith ◽  
Srinivas Kumar Karnam ◽  
A Naveen Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Metal Ion Release

ABSTRACT Aim The metal ion released from the orthodontic appliance may cause allergic reactions particularly nickel and chromium ions. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the amount of nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions released from simulated orthodontic appliance made of new archwires and brackets. Materials and methods Sixty sets of new archwire, band material, brackets and ligature wires were prepared simulating fixed orthodontic appliance. These sets were divided into four groups of fifteen samples each. Group 1: Stainless steel rectangular archwires. Group 2: Rectangular NiTi archwires. Group 3: Rectangular copper NiTi archwires. Group 4: Rectangular elgiloy archwires. These appliances were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva solution and stored in polypropylene bottles in the incubator to simulate oral conditions. After 90 days the solution were tested for nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Results showed that high levels of nickel ions were released from all four groups, compared to all other ions, followed by release of iron ion levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of all metal ions released in the different groups. Conclusion The study confirms that the use of newer brackets and newer archwires confirms the negligible release of metal ions from the orthodontic appliance. Clinical significance The measurable amount of metals, released from orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva, was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations. How to cite this article Karnam SK, Reddy AN, Manjith CM. Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):376-381.

scholarly journals Bioactive Plasma Coatings on Orthodontic Brackets: In Vitro Metal Ion Release and Cytotoxicity

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Lasni Samalka Kumarasinghe ◽  
Neethu Ninan ◽  
Panthihage Ruvini Lakshika Dabare ◽  
Alex Cavallaro ◽  
Esma J. Doğramacı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Plasma Polymer ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Surface Functionalisation

The metal ion release characteristics and biocompatibility of meta-based materials are key factors that influence their use in orthodontics. Although stainless steel-based alloys have gained much interest and use due to their mechanical properties and cost, they are prone to localised attack after prolonged exposure to the hostile oral environment. Metal ions may induce cellular toxicity at high dosages. To circumvent these issues, orthodontic brackets were coated with a functional nano-thin layer of plasma polymer and further immobilised with enantiomers of tryptophan. Analysis of the physicochemical properties confirmed the presence of functional coatings on the surface of the brackets. The quantification of metal ion release using mass spectrometry proved that plasma functionalisation could minimise metal ion release from orthodontic brackets. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the brackets has been improved after functionalisation. These findings demonstrate that plasma polymer facilitated surface functionalisation of orthodontic brackets is a promising approach to reducing metal toxicity without impacting their bulk properties.

11 Understanding the Clinical Performance of Ceramic Coated Femoral Components in Knee Arthroplasty Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Khatkar ◽  
M Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty Surgery ◽  
Arthroplasty Surgery

Abstract Aim In vitro knee simulation has demonstrated favourable wear properties and decreased metal ion release of ceramic coated metal femoral components in total knee arthroplasty surgery. Femoral implants coated with ceramic have been used in patients, however the subsequent clinical performance and time-to-revision of these implants is largely unknown. The scope of this study was to review the current available clinical literature, focusing on retrieval studies of Ceramic-Coated TKAs. Method Literature review of PubMed and MEDLINE. All studies included demonstrated clinical evaluation of implant performance, either in vivo or at revision. Results 9 studies were identified and included for analysis in this study. Retrieval analysis has illustrated microscopic defects in coatings of revised implants, with associated abrasion and 3rd body wear of the polyethylene component. Evidence suggests that coating femoral components with ceramic can prevent effective cement bonding, leading to aseptic loosening and thus earlier implant failure. Despite these problems, high volume centres have been able to demonstrate comparable results when compared with traditional bearing surface combinations. The mechanism behind metal ion hypersensitivity is currently poorly understood; however, the use of ceramic coated knee replacements is demonstrating a reduction in metal ion release. Conclusions Whilst conferring favourable clinical properties in certain instances, the lack of surgical, implant and patient data surrounding the use of this coated implants remains concerning. The literature base remains limited, and meaningful clinical conclusions cannot be drawn. Recommendations include performing robust clinical trials in order to delineate the clinical efficacy of ceramic coatings in knee arthroplasty.

scholarly journals Copper and Cobalt Ions Released from Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Trigger Skin Sensitization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Hee Lee ◽  
Kikyung Jung ◽  
Jun-Young Yang ◽  
Hyo-Sook Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Metal Ion Release

Human skins are exposed to nanomaterials in everyday life from various sources such as nanomaterial-containing cosmetics, air pollutions, and industrial nanomaterials. Nanomaterials comprising metal haptens raises concerns about the skin sensitization to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the skin sensitization of nanomaterials comparing metal haptens in vivo and in vitro. We selected five metal oxide NPs, containing copper oxide, cobalt monoxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, or titanium oxide, and two types of metal chlorides (CoCl2 and CuCl2), to compare the skin sensitization abilities between NPs and the constituent metals. The materials were applied to KeratinoSensTM cells for imitated skin-environment setting, and luciferase induction and cytotoxicity were evaluated at 48 h post-incubation. In addition, the response of metal oxide NPs was confirmed in lymph node of BALB/C mice via an in vivo method. The results showed that CuO and CoO NPs induce a similar pattern of positive luciferase induction and cytotoxicity compared to the respective metal chlorides; Co3O4, NiO, and TiO2 induced no such response. Collectively, the results implied fast-dissolving metal oxide (CuO and CoO) NPs release their metal ion, inducing skin sensitization. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying NP-induced skin sensitization. Based on ion chelation data, metal ion release was confirmed as the major “factor” for skin sensitization.

scholarly journals A Literature Review Study on Atomic Ions Dissolution of Titanium and Its Alloys in Implant Dentistry

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy Noumbissi ◽  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Saurabh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Metal Ion Release

This review of literature paper was done in order to conduct a review of the literature and an assessment of the effects of titanium implant corrosion on peri-implant health and success in the oral environment. This paper evaluates and critically reviews the findings of the multiple in-depth in vivo and in vitro studies that are related to corrosion aspects of the titanium and its alloys. A literature survey was conducted by electronic search in Medline and studies that were published between 1940 and August 2018 were selected. The search terms used were types of corrosion, corrosion of titanium implants, titanium corrosion, metal ion release from the titanium implants, fretting and pitting corrosion, implant corrosion, peri implantitis, and corrosion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies were also included in the review. The search and selection resulted in 64 articles. These articles were divided on the basis of their context to different kinds of corrosion related to titanium dental implants. It is evident that metal ions are released from titanium and titanium alloy dental implants as a result of corrosion. Corrosion of implants is multifactorial, including electrical, chemical, and mechanical factors, which have an effect on the peri-implant tissues and microbiota. The literature surveyed showed that corrosion related to titanium and its alloys has an effect on the health of peri-implant soft and hard tissue and the long term survival of metal dental implants. It can be concluded that presence of the long-term corrosion reaction along with continuous corrosion leads to the release of ions into the peri-implant tissue but also to a disintegration of the implant that contribute to material fatigue and even fracture of the abutments and implant body or both. This combined impact of the corrosion, bacterial activity, chemical reactions, and functional stresses are to be looked at as important factors of implant failure. The findings can be used to explore the possible strategies of research to investigate the biological impact of implant materials.

In vitro effects of macrophages on orthopaedic implant alloys and local release of metallic alloy components

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (7_Supple_B) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
G. Heise ◽  
C. M. Black ◽  
R. Smith ◽  
B. R. Morrow ◽  
W. M. Mihalko
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Metal Ion Release

Aims This study aimed to determine if macrophages can attach and directly affect the oxide layers of 316L stainless steel, titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) by releasing components of these alloys. Methods Murine peritoneal macrophages were cultured and placed on stainless steel, CoCrMo, and Ti6Al4V discs into a 96-well plate. Cells were activated with interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Macrophages on stainless steel discs produced significantly more nitric oxide (NO) compared to their control counterparts after eight to ten days and remained elevated for the duration of the experiment. Results On stainless steel, both nonactivated and activated cell groups were shown to have a significant increase in metal ion release for Cr, Fe, and Ni (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.020 respectively) compared with medium only and showed macrophage-sized corrosive pits on the stainless steel surface. On titanium alloy discs there was a significant increase in aluminum (p < 0.001) among all groups compared with medium only. Conclusion These results indicated that macrophages were able to attach to and affect the oxide surface of stainless steel and titanium alloy discs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):116–121.

In vitro andin vivo metal ion release

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley A. Brown ◽  
Lilian J. Farnsworth ◽  
Katharine Merritt ◽  
Timothy D. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Metal Ion Release

scholarly journals In Vitro Physical-Chemical Behaviour Assessment of 3D-Printed CoCrMo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implants

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Radu Mirea ◽  
Iuliana Manuela Biris ◽  
Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra ◽  
Razvan Ene ◽  
Alexandru Paraschiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Cocrmo Alloy ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Short Period ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Metallic Sample

In this study, a CoCrMo-based metallic alloy was manufactured using a 3D-printing method with metallic powder and a laser-based 3D printer. The obtained material was immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) similar to blood plasma and kept 2 months at 37 °C and in relative motion against the SBF in order to mimic the real motion of body fluids against an implant. At determined time intervals (24, 72, 168, 336, and 1344 h), both the metallic sample and SBF were characterized from a physical-chemical point of view in order to assess the alloy’s behaviour in the SBF. Firstly, the CoCrMo based metallic sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for assessing surface corrosion and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for determining if and/or what kind of spontaneous protective layer was formed on the surface; secondly, the SBF was characterized by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for assessing the metal ion release. We determined that a 3D-printed CoCrMo alloy does not represent a potential biological hazard in terms of the concentration of metal ion releases, since it forms, in a relatively short period of time, a protective CoCr layer on its exposed surface.

Electrochemically formed passive layers on titanium — Preparation and biocompatibility assessment in Hank's balanced salt solution

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baodong Zhao ◽  
Gregory Jerkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Metal Ion Release

Uniform and crack-free passive layers on Ti are prepared using AC voltage in 7.5 wt.% aq. NH4·BF4 at 25 °C. The passive layers possess coloration (wide spectrum of colors) that depends on the experimental conditions. The biocompatibility of such prepared passive layers is evaluated using corrosion science and analytical techniques. Their corrosion behavior, Ti-ion release, surface roughness, and wettability in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at 37 °C are the main focus of this work. Open-circuit potential and polarization measurements demonstrate that the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the passive layers becomes more positive than that of the untreated Ti. The value of Ecorr increases as we increase the AC voltage (VAC). Their corrosion rate (CR) is lower than that of the untreated Ti, and they reduced the Ti-ion release level from 230 to 15 ppb. An increase in the AC voltage frequency (f) leads to a slightly higher level of the Ti-ion release (~50 ppb). Surface profilometry, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses show that prolonged exposure of the passive layers to HBSS results in changes to their surface topography. The passive layers prepared by the application of AC voltage are rougher and more hydrophilic than the untreated Ti. Our methodology of preparing biocompatible passive layers on Ti might be applied as a new surface treatment procedure for Ti implants.Key words: titanium, metal surface treatment, surface roughness, corrosion, metal ion release, contact angle.

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