Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study

ABSTRACT Aim The metal ion released from the orthodontic appliance may cause allergic reactions particularly nickel and chromium ions. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the amount of nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions released from simulated orthodontic appliance made of new archwires and brackets. Materials and methods Sixty sets of new archwire, band material, brackets and ligature wires were prepared simulating fixed orthodontic appliance. These sets were divided into four groups of fifteen samples each. Group 1: Stainless steel rectangular archwires. Group 2: Rectangular NiTi archwires. Group 3: Rectangular copper NiTi archwires. Group 4: Rectangular elgiloy archwires. These appliances were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva solution and stored in polypropylene bottles in the incubator to simulate oral conditions. After 90 days the solution were tested for nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Results showed that high levels of nickel ions were released from all four groups, compared to all other ions, followed by release of iron ion levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of all metal ions released in the different groups. Conclusion The study confirms that the use of newer brackets and newer archwires confirms the negligible release of metal ions from the orthodontic appliance. Clinical significance The measurable amount of metals, released from orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva, was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations. How to cite this article Karnam SK, Reddy AN, Manjith CM. Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):376-381.

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Metal ion release from silver soldering and laser welding caused by different types of mouthwash

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/050914-335.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 665-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ayse Tuygun Erdogan ◽

Didem Nalbantgil ◽

Feyza Ulkur ◽

Fikrettin Sahin

Keyword(s):

Laser Welding ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Ion Release ◽

Sem Images ◽

Metal Ion Release ◽

Group Comparisons

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare metal ion release from samples welded with silver soldering and laser welding when immersed into mouthwashes with different ingredients. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 samples were prepared: 36 laser welded and 36 silver soldered. Four samples were chosen from each subgroup to study the morphologic changes on their surfaces via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each group was further divided into four groups where the samples were submerged into mouthwash containing sodium fluoride (NaF), mouthwash containing sodium fluoride + alcohol (NaF + alcohol), mouthwash containing chlorhexidine (CHX), or artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and removed thereafter. Subsequently, the metal ion release from the samples was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal ion release among the solutions and the welding methods were compared. The Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the group comparisons, and post hoc Dunn multiple comparison test was utilized for the two group comparisons. Results: The level of metal ion release from samples of silver soldering was higher than from samples of laser welding. Furthermore, greater amounts of nickel, chrome, and iron were released from silver soldering. With regard to the mouthwash solutions, the lowest amounts of metal ions were released in CHX, and the highest amounts of metal ions were released in NaF + alcohol. SEM images were in accord with these findings. Conclusions: The laser welding should be preferred over silver soldering. CHX can be recommended for patients who have welded appliances for orthodontic reasons.

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Metal Release of Standard and Fake Orthodontic Braces: An In Vitro Study

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v20i2.1707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Hajjar Nasir ◽

Muhammad Syahmi Mohamad Amran ◽

Muhammad Muaz Abidin Mustaffar

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

INTRODUCTION: The growing demand for orthodontic braces among Malaysians has led to the development of fake braces. These fake braces services are illegal and their brackets are reported to be of inferior quality. Fake braces are constantly being exposed to the saliva intraorally, hence they are susceptible to corrosion. This study was conducted to investigate the release of metal ions as a result of corrosion from standard and fake orthodontic braces immersed in artificial saliva of different pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of six different types of brackets (three from standard and three from fake braces) were immersed in containers containing 5 mL of artificial saliva of pH 4.9 and pH 7.8. The samples were collected for analysis on day 1, day 14, and day 28 using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) to evaluate the amount of metal ion released. Statistical analysis was performed to isolate the significant difference of metal ions released between two types of braces in different pH solutions. RESULTS: The release of aluminum, nickel, chromium, manganese and copper were observed and analyzed. Fake braces released the highest concentration of chromium, manganese, and nickel ions in both artificial saliva as compared to standard braces. Brackets immersed in pH 4.9 released a higher number of ions compared to pH 7.8. CONCLUSION: This study showed that fake braces released the highest concentration of metal ions as compared to standard braces. Both time and pH influenced the release of metal ions from orthodontic brackets.

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Evaluation of Metal Ion Release from Ti6Al4V and Co-Cr-Mo Casting Alloys: In Vivo and In Vitro Study

Journal of Prosthodontics ◽

10.1111/jopr.12067 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amal A. El Sawy ◽

Mohammed A. Shaarawy

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Ion Release ◽

Casting Alloys ◽

Metal Ion Release

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Tribocorrosion in Dental Implants: an In-Vitro Study

Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific Conference "BALTTRIB 2015" ◽

10.15544/balttrib.2015.22 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.G. Figueiredo-Pina ◽

V. Moreira ◽

R. Colaço ◽

A.P. Serro

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Wear Testing ◽

Titanium Plate ◽

Anodic Current ◽

Ion Release ◽

Metal Ion Release

The relative motion between the zirconia abutment and the titanium implant in the presence of saliva might lead to tribocorrosion and consequently metal ion release and ion contamination of peri -implant tissues. In order to study this issue tribocorrosion, tests were performed in open circuit potential (OCP) and during anodic polarization in two different configurations: titanium ball pin on zirconia plate and zirconia ball pin on titanium plate. For both configurations, the OCP decreases and the anodic current increases during the wear testing. The results showed different tribocorrosion response between configurations. The higher OCP drop and anodic current was obtained for the configuration titanium ball pin on zirconia plate.

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Bioactive Plasma Coatings on Orthodontic Brackets: In Vitro Metal Ion Release and Cytotoxicity

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11070857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 857

Author(s):

Lasni Samalka Kumarasinghe ◽

Neethu Ninan ◽

Panthihage Ruvini Lakshika Dabare ◽

Alex Cavallaro ◽

Esma J. Doğramacı ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Plasma Polymer ◽

Functional Coatings ◽

Key Factors ◽

Ion Release ◽

Metal Ion Release ◽

Surface Functionalisation

The metal ion release characteristics and biocompatibility of meta-based materials are key factors that influence their use in orthodontics. Although stainless steel-based alloys have gained much interest and use due to their mechanical properties and cost, they are prone to localised attack after prolonged exposure to the hostile oral environment. Metal ions may induce cellular toxicity at high dosages. To circumvent these issues, orthodontic brackets were coated with a functional nano-thin layer of plasma polymer and further immobilised with enantiomers of tryptophan. Analysis of the physicochemical properties confirmed the presence of functional coatings on the surface of the brackets. The quantification of metal ion release using mass spectrometry proved that plasma functionalisation could minimise metal ion release from orthodontic brackets. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the brackets has been improved after functionalisation. These findings demonstrate that plasma polymer facilitated surface functionalisation of orthodontic brackets is a promising approach to reducing metal toxicity without impacting their bulk properties.

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Spectrophotometric Analysis of Saliva for Metal Ion Release in Patients Prior to and After Cementation of Cobalt Chromium or Nickel-Chromium Alloy Crowns: An in Vivo Study

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 92-96

Author(s):

Sabita M Ram ◽

Jyoti B Nadgere ◽

Naisargi P Shah ◽

Bhoomi A Parmar

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

Chromium Alloy ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Ion Release ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Metal Ion Release

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11 Understanding the Clinical Performance of Ceramic Coated Femoral Components in Knee Arthroplasty Surgery

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab259.963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽

Author(s):

H Khatkar ◽

M Prokopenko

Keyword(s):

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Ceramic Coatings ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Ion Release ◽

Metal Ion Release ◽

Knee Arthroplasty Surgery ◽

Arthroplasty Surgery

Abstract Aim In vitro knee simulation has demonstrated favourable wear properties and decreased metal ion release of ceramic coated metal femoral components in total knee arthroplasty surgery. Femoral implants coated with ceramic have been used in patients, however the subsequent clinical performance and time-to-revision of these implants is largely unknown. The scope of this study was to review the current available clinical literature, focusing on retrieval studies of Ceramic-Coated TKAs. Method Literature review of PubMed and MEDLINE. All studies included demonstrated clinical evaluation of implant performance, either in vivo or at revision. Results 9 studies were identified and included for analysis in this study. Retrieval analysis has illustrated microscopic defects in coatings of revised implants, with associated abrasion and 3rd body wear of the polyethylene component. Evidence suggests that coating femoral components with ceramic can prevent effective cement bonding, leading to aseptic loosening and thus earlier implant failure. Despite these problems, high volume centres have been able to demonstrate comparable results when compared with traditional bearing surface combinations. The mechanism behind metal ion hypersensitivity is currently poorly understood; however, the use of ceramic coated knee replacements is demonstrating a reduction in metal ion release. Conclusions Whilst conferring favourable clinical properties in certain instances, the lack of surgical, implant and patient data surrounding the use of this coated implants remains concerning. The literature base remains limited, and meaningful clinical conclusions cannot be drawn. Recommendations include performing robust clinical trials in order to delineate the clinical efficacy of ceramic coatings in knee arthroplasty.

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Metal Ion Release after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty – Causes, Biological Effects and Diagnostics

Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie ◽

10.1055/a-0929-8121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 158 (04) ◽

pp. 369-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jörg Lützner ◽

Klaus-Peter Günther ◽

Anne Postler ◽

Michael Morlock

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Ceramic Head ◽

Ion Release ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Metal Ion Release ◽

Metal Metal

AbstractAll metal implants in human bodies corrode which results in metal ions release. This is not necessarily a problem and represents for most patients no hazard. However, if a critical metal ion concentration is exceeded, local or rarely systemic problems can occur. This article summarizes the mechanisms of metal ion release and its clinical consequences. Several situations can result in increased metal ion release: metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties with increased wear, increased micromotion at taper interfaces, direct metal-metal contact (polyethylene wear, impingement), erroneously used metal heads after ceramic head fracture. Possible problems are in most cases located close to the concerned joint. Furthermore, there are reports about toxic damage to several organs. Most of these reports refer to erroneously used metal heads in revisions after a broken ceramic head. There is currently no evidence of carcinogenic or teratogenic effects of implants but data is not sufficient to exclude possible effects. Cobalt and chromium blood levels (favorably in whole blood) should be measured in patients with suspected elevated metal ions. According to current knowledge levels below 2 µg/l seem to be uncritical, levels between 2 and 7 µg/l are considered borderline with unknown biological consequences and levels above 7 µg/l indicate a local problem which should be further diagnosed. Metal ion levels always need to be interpreted together with clinical symptoms and imaging results.

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Alkaline Phosphatase Immobilization on New Chitosan Membranes with Mg2+ for Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16080287 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gratiela Tihan ◽

Roxana Zgarian ◽

Elena Berteanu ◽

Daniela Ionita ◽

Georgeta Totea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Ion Release ◽

Microscopy Technique ◽

Metal Ion Release ◽

Chitosan Membranes

In this paper, we present the fabrication and characterization of new chitosan-based membranes while using a new biotechnology for immobilizing alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This technology involved metal ions incorporation to develop new biopolymeric supports. The chemical structure and morphological characteristics of proposed membranes were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM). The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) evidenced the metal ion release in time. Moreover, the effect of Mg2+ on the enzymatic activity and the antibacterial investigations while using Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, hemolysis, and biocompatibility behavior were studied. Immobilizing ALP into the chitosan membranes composition followed by the incorporation of Mg2+ led to polymeric supports with enhanced cellular viability when comparing to chitosan-based membranes without Mg2+. The results obtained evidenced promising performance in biomedical applications for the new biopolymeric supports that are based on chitosan, ALP, and metal ions.

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