scholarly journals Two different indications of ventriculoperitoneal and cystoperitoneal shunting in six dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lehner ◽  
Kálmán Czeibert ◽  
Gábor Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Chronic Subdural Haematoma ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Subdural Hygroma ◽  
Intracranial Pressure Elevation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cystoperitoneal Shunting

AbstractIn this study we described two different indications of ventriculo- and cystoperitoneal shunting (VPS, CPS) procedures in six dogs, including their clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. One dog had moderate and two dogs had severe congenital hydrocephalus, one was presented with intracranial pressure elevation due to meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) associated with congenital hydrocephalus, and two with quadrigeminal cysts (QC). VPS procedures were done in four and CPS in two dogs, using low-pressure valve systems. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 6 months and control MRI scans were also made. Significant improvement was detected in five cases during the short-term follow-up period (1 month) and in four cases in the medium-term follow-up (2–6 months). Major complications were found in two cases: one dog with acute-hypertensive hydrocephalus died one week after surgery, and in another case development of a chronic subdural haematoma and hygroma caused death 3 months after the surgery. Minor complications (e.g. subdural hygroma) were found in two cases. In cases of severe hydrocephalus or intracranial cysts, higher-pressure valve systems are recommended in order to prevent subdural hygroma. Transient postoperative clinical signs usually resolve within one week after the surgery.

scholarly journals Brain atrophy and clinical characteristics predicting SDMT performance in multiple sclerosis: A 10-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205521732199239
Author(s):  
Cecilie Jacobsen ◽  
Robert Zivadinov ◽  
Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽  
Turi O Dalaker ◽  
Ingvild Dalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Specific Volumes

Objectives To identify Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), clinical and demographic biomarkers predictive of worsening information processing speed (IPS) as measured by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Methods Demographic, clinical data and 1.5 T MRI scans were collected in 76 patients at time of inclusion, and after 5 and 10 years. Global and tissue-specific volumes were calculated at each time point. For the primary outcome of analysis, SDMT was used. Results Worsening SDMT at 5-year follow-up was predicted by baseline age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), SDMT, whole brain volume (WBV) and T2 lesion volume (LV), explaining 30.2% of the variance of SDMT. At 10-year follow-up, age, EDSS, grey matter volume (GMV) and T1 LV explained 39.4% of the variance of SDMT change. Conclusion This longitudinal study shows that baseline MRI-markers, demographic and clinical data can help predict worsening IPS. Identification of patients at risk of IPS decline is of importance as follow-up, treatment and rehabilitation can be optimized.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional analysis of follow-up chest MRI and chest CT scans in patients previously affected by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pecoraro ◽  
Stefano Cipollari ◽  
Livia Marchitelli ◽  
Emanuele Messina ◽  
Maurizio Del Monte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Ct And Mri ◽  
Interlobular Septal Thickening

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the agreement between chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) and to assess the diagnostic performance of chest MRI relative to that of CT during the follow-up of patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019. Materials and methods Fifty-two patients underwent both follow-up chest CT and MRI scans, evaluated for ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, fibrosis, pleural indentation, vessel enlargement, bronchiolar ectasia, and changes compared to prior CT scans. DWI/ADC was evaluated for signal abnormalities suspicious for inflammation. Agreement between CT and MRI was assessed with Cohen’s k and weighted k. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of MRI were calculated. Results The agreement between CT and MRI was almost perfect for consolidation (k = 1.00) and change from prior CT (k = 0.857); substantial for predominant pattern (k = 0.764) and interlobular septal thickening (k = 0.734); and poor for GGOs (k = 0.339), fibrosis (k = 0.224), pleural indentation (k = 0.231), and vessel enlargement (k = 0.339). Meanwhile, the sensitivity of MRI was high for GGOs (1.00), interlobular septal thickening (1.00), and consolidation (1.00) but poor for fibrotic changes (0.18), pleural indentation (0.23), and vessel enlargement (0.50) and the specificity was overall high. DWI was positive in 46.0% of cases. Conclusions The agreement between MRI and CT was overall good. MRI was very sensitive for GGOs, consolidation and interlobular septal thickening and overall specific for most findings. DWI could be a reputable imaging biomarker of inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma: Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Renato Pignatari ◽  
Manoel Teixeira ◽  
Eberval Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Thalamic Lesion ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

AbstractThe pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare glioma recently described as a separate entity, which is generally located on the hypothalamic area. The PMA was previously described as pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) due to similarities shared between them. Recent studies provided a deeper understanding of PMA, setting it as a separate entity, though PMA is still considered by many authors a variant of PA. The PMA is considered to be more aggressive than PA; however, further studies are necessary for a better comprehension of its behavior and, hence, for neurosurgeons and neurologists to get to a consensus about its management.This study presents a 16-year-old female patient who looked for medical assistance complaining of headaches of over 6 months and vomiting for 2 weeks prior to the visit to the doctor. She presented no other symptoms. The physical examination displayed only bilateral papilledema. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed an intraventricular and thalamic lesion composed of solid and cystic material associated with peritumoral edema. The patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and subtotal resection of the lesion. The histological and immunohistochemical studies showed typical features of PMA. The patient started adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy and radiosurgery. She has been asymptomatic for 9 months and has shown no signs of progression of the disease on the follow-up scans.

Neurologic Examination Findings Associated With Small Cerebellar Volumes After Prematurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-592
Author(s):  
Emily W.Y. Tam ◽  
Vann Chau ◽  
Raphaël Lavoie ◽  
M. Mallar Chakravarty ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Cerebellar Volume ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Deformation Based Morphometry

To help clinicians understand what to expect from small cerebellar volumes after prematurity, this study aims to characterize the specific impacts of small cerebellar volumes on the infant neurologic examination. A prospective cohort of preterm newborns (<32 weeks’ gestational age) had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at term-equivalent age. Cerebellar volumes were compared with neurologic examination findings in follow-up, adjusting for severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, white matter injury, and cerebellar hemorrhage. Deformation-based analyses delineated regional morphometric differences in the cerebellum associated with these findings. Of 119 infants with MRI scans, 109 (92%) had follow-up at 19.0±1.7 months corrected age. Smaller cerebellar volume at term was associated with increased odds of truncal hypotonia, postural instability on standing, and patellar hyperreflexia ( P < .03). Small cerebellar volume defined as <19 cm3 by 40 weeks was associated with 7.5-fold increased odds of truncal hypotonia ( P < .001), 8.9-fold odds postural instability ( P < .001), and 9.7-fold odds of patellar hyperreflexia ( P < .001). Voxel-based deformation-based morphometry showed postural instability associated with paravermian regions. Small cerebellar volume is associated with specific abnormalities on neurologic examination by 18 months of age, including truncal tone, reflexes, and postural stability.

The contribution of assessing cognitive impairment in radiologically-isolated syndrome (RIS): a single case report follow-up study

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1912-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D’Anna ◽  
S Lorenzut ◽  
A Perelli ◽  
B Zanchettin ◽  
M Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Incidental Discovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Radiologically-isolated syndrome (RIS) is a recently-defined entity, described as the incidental discovery of lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans demonstrating dissemination in space (DIS) without symptom expression and with a normal neurological examination. Recent studies demonstrate that RIS patients present similar features of cognitive impairment as MS patients. We describe a case of a RIS patient in whom investigating cognitive functions was a useful tool for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

Diagnostic performance of brain MRI in pharmacovigilance of natalizumab-treated MS patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike P Wattjes ◽  
Martijn T Wijburg ◽  
Anke Vennegoor ◽  
Birgit I Witte ◽  
Stefan D Roosendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Interrater Variability ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: In natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as a sensitive tool in detecting both MS disease activity and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective: To investigate the performance of neuroradiologists using brain MRI in detecting new MS lesions and asymptomatic PML lesions and in differentiating between MS and PML lesions in natalizumab-treated MS patients. The secondary aim was to investigate interrater variability. Methods: In this retrospective diagnostic study, four blinded neuroradiologists assessed reference and follow-up brain MRI scans of 48 natalizumab-treated MS patients with new asymptomatic PML lesions ( n = 21) or new MS lesions ( n = 20) or no new lesions ( n = 7). Sensitivity and specificity for detection of new lesions in general (MS and PML lesions), MS and PML lesion differentiation, and PML detection were determined. Interrater agreement was calculated. Results: Overall sensitivity and specificity for the detection of new lesions, regardless of the nature of the lesions, were 77.4% and 89.3%, respectively; for PML-MS lesion differentiation, 74.2% and 84.7%, respectively; and for asymptomatic PML lesion detection, 59.5% and 91.7%, respectively. Interrater agreement for the tested categories was fair to moderate. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of trained neuroradiologists using brain MRI in pharmacovigilance of natalizumab-treated MS patients is moderately good. Interrater agreement among trained readers is fair to moderate.

scholarly journals Limited Utility of Routine Surveillance MRI Following Chemoradiation for Advanced-Stage Oropharynx Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Kangelaris ◽  
Sue S. Yom ◽  
Kim Huang ◽  
Steven J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Oropharynx Carcinoma ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Mri Surveillance

Objectives. To determine the utility of routine surveillance MRI in detecting locoregional recurrence following definitive chemoradiation in advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma.Methods. We identified patients with Stage III-IV oropharynx carcinoma who were treated with chemoradiation between April 2000 and September 2004 and underwent longitudinal followup care at our institution. Patient charts were retrospectively reviewed for findings on MRI surveillance imaging, clinical signs and symptoms, and recurrence.Results. Forty patients received a total of 229 surveillance MRI scans with a minimum follow-up of three years (mean of 5.6 scans per patient). Six patients experienced false-positive surveillance studies that resulted in intervention. Four patients experienced recurrent disease, two of whom had new symptoms or exam findings that preceded radiographic identification of disease. Surveillance MRI scans identified recurrent disease in two asymptomatic patients who were salvaged, one of whom remains free of disease at follow-up. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the MRI surveillance program were 50 and 83 percent, respectively. The mean charge to each patient for the surveillance program was approximately $10,000 annually.Conclusion. In oropharyngeal cancer patients who have been treated with chemoradiation, an imaging surveillance program utilizing MRI produces limited opportunity for successful salvage.

Growth Analysis of Untreated Meningiomas under Observation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Opalak ◽  
Adam P. Sima ◽  
Matthew Thomas Carr ◽  
Andrew Rock ◽  
Aravind Somasundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background When meningiomas are small or asymptomatic, the decision to observe rather than treat requires balancing the growth potential of the lesion with the outcome and side effects of treatment. The aim of this study is to characterize the growth patterns of untreated meningiomas to better inform the clinical decision-making process. Methods Patients with meningiomas were identified from 2005 to 2015. Those without treatment who had been followed for 1.5 years, with three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, were identified. Scans were measured with orthogonal diameters, geometric mean diameters, and volumes using the ABC/2 method. Regression modeling determined what growth pattern these parameters best approximated. Results Two hundred and fifteen MRI scans for 34 female (82.9%) and 7 male (17%) patients with 43 tumors were evaluated. Initial tumor volumes ranged from 0.13 to 9.98 mL. The mean and median initial volumes were 2.44 and 1.52 mL, respectively. Follow-up times ranged from 21 to 144 months, with a median of 70 months. There were 12 tumors (28%) whose growth rates were significantly greater than zero. For all tumors, use of a linear regression model allowed accurate prediction of the future size using prior data. Conclusion Three-quarters of presumptive meningiomas managed conservatively do not grow significantly. The remainder have significant growth over time, and the behavior could be approximated with linear regression models.

Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy for Spondylotic Cervical Myelopathy: Part 2

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. S2-54-S2-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Dong Jho ◽  
Myung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Woo-Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
Japanese Orthopedic Association ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Spondylotic Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The University

Abstract OBJECTIVE Anterior microforaminotomy for spondylotic cervical myelopathy is reported with surgical results. METHODS A retrospective study was performed for 40 patients with spondylotic cervical myelopathy who had been surgically treated with anterior microforaminotomy at the University of Pittsburgh between April 1994 and June 1999. Age ranged from 32 to 74 years (median, 51 yr). Twenty-eight patients were men, and 12 were women. All had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans preoperatively. All underwent MRI scans and dynamic roentgenograms 6 weeks after the operation. The duration of follow-up ranged from 24 months to 86 months (median, 42 mo). RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (70%) had radiculopathy in addition to their myelopathy. Single-level operations were performed in 13 patients (32.5%), two-level operations in 19 patients (47.5%), three-level operations in 5 patients (12.5%), and four-level operations in 3 patients. Eleven patients (27.5%) had excellent results, 21 patients (52.5%) had good results, and 8 patients (20%) had unchanged results 6 weeks after the operation. Thirty-five patients (87.5%) were discharged the day of or the day after their operation. In all patients, MRI scans revealed good anatomic decompression, and dynamic roentgenograms revealed good stability. Postoperative complications included temporary deltoid weakness in one patient and temporary voice fatigue in another patient. In a final survey of 30 patients, 16 patients (53.3%) experienced excellent results, 11 patients (36.6%) experienced good results, and 3 patients (10%) experienced unchanged results. Final outcome survey with modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score is reported in 25 patients. CONCLUSION Anterior microforaminotomy provided good to excellent surgical results in 80% of the patients with minimal morbidities 6 weeks after the operation and in 90% of the patients at long-term follow-up. Spinal stability was well maintained in all patients.

Adolescent Disc Degeneration - No Headache Association

Cephalalgia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Laimi ◽  
M Erkintalo ◽  
L Metsähonkala ◽  
T Vahlberg ◽  
M Mikkelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Study

The objective of the study was to determine whether adolescents with headache have more disc degeneration in the cervical spine than headache-free controls. This study is part of a population-based follow-up study of adolescents with and without headache. At the age of 17 years, adolescents with headache at least three times a month ( N = 47) and adolescents with no headache ( N = 22) participated in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the cervical spine. Of the 47 headache sufferers, 17 also had weekly neck pain and 30 had neck pain less than once a month. MRI scans were interpreted independently by three neuroradiologists. Disc degeneration was found in 67% of participants, with no difference between adolescents with and without headache. Most of the degenerative changes were located in the lower cervical spine. In adolescence, mild degenerative changes of the cervical spine are surprisingly common but do not contribute to headache.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document