scholarly journals Does the policy of rural land rights confirmation promote the transfer of farmland in China?

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengzhou Xu ◽  
Yihang Zhao ◽  
Ronghui Tan ◽  
Hongchun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Positive Effects

Land tenure security and land transfer markets are once again a topmost priority in the policy development agenda because of their expected outcomes in terms of equity and efficiency in the rural sector of China. The policy of rural land rights confirmation has been implemented since 2010 to enhance land tenure security and the transferability of farmland. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the effect of rural land rights confirmation on farmland transfer. Therefore, we use household-level survey data from 48 villages across Tianjin City and Shandong Province to explore whether rural land rights confirmation promotes the transfer of farmlands. Our empirical results show that rural land rights confirmation has significant and positive effects on the likelihood and amount of transfer-out land at the 5% significance level, but the effect on transfer-in farmland is insignificant. The results of the study have several policy implications. For instance, the agricultural comparative advantage should be improved through various agricultural subsidy policies. Moreover, the intermediary service network for farmland transfer should be established, and strengthening the non-farm employment skills and improving the non-agricultural employment market are necessary for the rural labour force.

scholarly journals Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Yuhang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Recent policies in China have encouraged rural-urban circular migration and an “amphibious” and flexible status of settlement, reacting against the recent risks of economic fluctuation in cities. Rural land, as a form of insurance and welfare, can handle random hazards, and the new Land Management Law guarantees that rural migrants who settle in the city can maintain their rights to farmland, homesteads, and a collective income distribution. Existing studies have pointed out that homeland tenure can reduce migrants’ urban settlement intentions (which is a self-reported subjective perception of city life). However, little is known about how the rural-urban circularity and rural tenure system (especially for those still holding hometown lands in the countryside) affect rural migrants’ temporary urban settlements (especially for those preferring to stay in informal communities in the host city). The existing studies on the urban villages in China have focused only on the side of the receiving cities, but have rarely mentioned the other side of this process, focusing on migrants’ rural land tenure issues in their hometowns. This study discusses the rationale of informality (the urban village) and attests to whether, and to what extent, rural migrants’ retention of their hometown lands can affect their tenure security choices (urban village or not) in Chinese metropolises such as Beijing. Binary logistic regression was conducted and the data analysis proved that rural migrants who kept their hometown lands, compared to their land-loss counterparts, were more likely to live in a Beijing urban village. This displays the resilience and circularity of rural-urban migration in China, wherein the rural migrant households demonstrate the “micro-family economy”, maintaining tenure security in their hometown and avoiding the dissipation of their family income in their destination. The Discussion and Conclusions sections of this paper refer to some policy implications related to maintaining the rural-urban dual system, protecting rural migrant land rights, and beefing up the “opportunity structure” (including maintaining the low-rent areas in metropolises such as Beijing) in the 14th Five Year Plan period.

scholarly journals Impacts of high-speed rail development on urban land expansion and utilization intensity in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiaodong Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Urban Land Expansion ◽  
The Impact

Urban land expansion (ULE) is a crucial factor for socioeconomic and environmentally sustainable development. However, nowadays, the unprecedented scale of high-speed railway (HSR) construction in China could exert an important influence on ULE. This manuscript first reveals the influence mechanism of HSR on ULE and then employs difference-in-difference (DID) models to investigate this effect based on the data of 280 prefectures and above level cities of 2001-2016. We analyze that HSR exerts a joint effect on ULE from the territorial and local levels and then affects urban land-use intensity (ULUI). HSR opening and HSR station distance both have notably positive effects on ULE, with elastic coefficients of 4.1% and 0.5%, respectively. HSR opening and HSR station distance also both exert positive effects on ULE of the central, eastern region cities and large cities of China, while for the western region and small to medium cities, they are not significant. The impact of HSR station distance on ULUI is negative with a significance level of 0.073, while the impact of HSR opening on ULUI is not significant. Lastly, relevant policy implications are proposed to alleviate urban land waste and spatial disequilibrium under the context of HSR building. This study can provide an important basis for sustainable urban land allocation.

scholarly journals Land tenure security and technical efficiency: new insights from a case study in Northwest China

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlei Ma ◽  
Nico Heerink ◽  
Shuyi Feng ◽  
Xiaoping Shi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
The Impact

AbstractImproving technical efficiency in agriculture can play an important role in meeting present and future demands for agricultural products, at the same time enhancing the long-term sustainability of land and water use. This paper examines the impact of household perceptions of land tenure security on technical efficiency using detailed household-level data collected in Minle County in northwest China. The authors find that the (perceived) tenure security provided by land certificates encourages part-time farming with relatively low technical efficiency. The renting out of land by households with migrant members can only partly make up for this negative effect, because land rental markets are thin and highly fragmented. Therefore, the provision of land certificates to rural households has a negative impact on technical efficiency. For tenure security provided by the expected absence of land reallocations in the near future, on the other hand, the authors find that it reduces temporary migration and thereby contributes to higher technical efficiency.

Changing Property-Rights Regimes: A Study of Rural Land Tenure in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 1026-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Brandt ◽  
Susan H. Whiting ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Tonglong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Bundle Of Rights ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThrough two rounds of land contracting, rural households have been allocated a bundle of rights in land. We observe significant differences across villages in the amount of land to which villagers retain a claim and the institutional mechanisms governing the exchange of land rights. This study reveals the perpetuation and expansion of non-market mechanisms accruing to the benefit of village cadres and state officials and only limited emergence of market mechanisms in which households are primary beneficiaries. It identifies factors in economic, political and legal domains that incentivize and enable state officials and local cadres to capture returns from use of land. Relatedly, the study finds differences in conflict over property-rights regimes. Drawing on a pilot survey carried out by the authors in November of 2011 in Shaanxi and Jiangsu provinces (192 households in 24 villages), this paper seeks to explain heterogeneity and change in property-rights regimes over time and across space.

Investigating the impacts of increased rural land tenure security: A systematic review of the evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 34-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Higgins ◽  
Tim Balint ◽  
Harold Liversage ◽  
Paul Winters
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Tenure Security

Women, Land Tenure Dynamics and Land Sales in Rural Areas. The Case of Syukula Village, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Rosemarie N. Mwaipopo
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Ownership Rights

Abstract Women’s engagement in rural land sales has been a significant aspect of land tenure dynamics with varied implications to their livelihoods and wellbeing. However, the factors that influence women’s decisions and the modalities of such engagement have not received much attention in social analysis, specifically with regard to women’s perceptions, responses and actions towards land sales, especially in situations of land shortage. In the context where multiple and interacting factors are continuing to transform rural land tenure patterns, this article discusses the varied implications of recent land sales to women, with possible extension of their vulnerabilities, yet also re-invigorating women’s agency regarding land ownership rights. Using a feminist political-ecological perspective, this article shows how women act under constraining circumstances to transform gender relations and patterns of land ownership with varying outcomes to their wellbeing. The findings also suggest deeper interrogation on the capacities of grassroots structures obligated to oversee land tenure security for communities and upholding women’s rights of access to land.

scholarly journals Heartrending or Uplifting: The Ethiopian Urban Land Tenure System Reform and Its Reflection on Tenure Security of Permit Holders

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
Brightman Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

In this article, I reflect on the implication of the urban land tenure systems of the three political regimes of Ethiopia on the objective element of land tenure security of urban landholders, particularly, permit holders. The objective element of land tenure security can be assessed in terms of clarity and breadth, duration, assurance, and enforceability of land rights. On these foundations, I argue that the objective element of tenure security of urban landholders in Ethiopia has been reduced with each subsequent regime. The Imperial regime’s urban land tenure system affected the objective land tenure security of urban landholders in terms of enforceability of land rights—particularly limiting the right to appeal to a presumably independent court of law with regard to the amount of compensation awarded for the loss of land rights through expropriation. The Derg regime’s urban land tenure system, on the other hand, had narrowed the breadth of land rights to possessory right; it introduced other grounds in addition to expropriation, by which a landholder could lose his land rights, it adopted a vague and broad understanding of “public purpose” for expropriation, and it introduced a compensation scheme that left a landholder compensated inadequately; and it totally prohibited bringing a legal action in presumably an independent court of law against the government. Even more, the post-1991 urban land tenure system has perpetuated the objective land tenure insecurity of permit holders by making the land rights unclear until the enactment of regulation; and to be valid for a definite period of time by mandatorily demanding its conversion to lease system.

scholarly journals Experiences and Development Impacts of Securing Land Rights at Scale in Developing Countries: Case Studies of China and Vietnam

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Frank F. K. Byamugisha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

This paper reviews experiences and development impacts of a selected number of developing countries in Asia and Africa that have used emerging land registration approaches to rapidly secure land rights at scale. Rapid and scalable registration is essential to eliminate a major backlog of the world’s unregistered land, which stands at about 70 percent. The objective of the review, based on secondary data, is to draw lessons that can help accelerate land registration across many countries. While the focus is on China and Vietnam, the findings are buttressed by those from previous reviews in Ethiopia and Rwanda. The registration approaches used in these four countries were found to be cost-reducing, fast, inclusive and scalable enough to secure land rights for all within one generation. They also had significant positive impacts on land tenure security and investment. In addition, they indirectly along with other economic reforms contributed to rapid economic growth and a reduction in extreme poverty. The experience from these Asian and African countries offers important lessons including the need for strong political commitment and to develop flexible legal and spatial frameworks that fit the purpose of land registration, instead of the rigid technical standards set by land professionals.

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