scholarly journals Pandemic in the network society: Network readiness increases population vulnerability to COVID-19 in less developed countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (S1) ◽  
pp. 187-203
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the factors which determine the impact of network communication and network connections on the likelihood of contracting the new coronavirus in the European and Latin American countries. The author presents several data sets to prove the following suggestions: 1) The generalized indicators of economic development and society’s globalization are not indicators of how vulnerable a country’s population may be in a pandemic; 2) Not the economy as such, but the conventional way of life of people, their daily behaviour and habits have a decisive influence on the disease spread; 3) Factors of prevention of illness and health promotion such as the habit of exercise, distance, and network communications use modern online services to become protective factors against the risk of infection only at a certain level of development of the country; 4) In the developed countries, a much broader set of factors than in the developing countries determine protection against disease risk; 5) The evolution of a networked society opens up significant opportunities for the developing countries to improve the quality of life, and the emergence of new, progressive traditions.

scholarly journals Economic and Statistical Analysis of Sustainability Indicators of Banking Sectors of the Leading Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Khasyanova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Loan Portfolios ◽  
Financial Soundness ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The last decade was characterized by the improvement of the financial systems’ monitoring mechanism at the national and international levels aimed at making effective decisions on financial stabilisation. The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability of banking sectors of the leading economically developed and developing countries for the period 2009-2018, taking into account the processes occurring in the global economy and international financial markets.The research applied the International Monetary Fund methodology for assessing the stability of depository institutions and used the IMF database containing financial soundness indicators of the banking sectors in the studied countries. The economic and statistical analysis of financial soundness indicators of the banking sectors made it possible to explain the influence of economic conditions on the level and dynamics of the banks’ performance indicators as well as to identify the strengths and problems of the banking systems.The results of the study indicate an increase in the sustainability of the developed countries’ banking sectors, which is confirmed by the growing trends of capital adequacy and the quality of bank loan portfolios. The main problem of the developed countries is stably low profitability which, in the long term, could lead to a decrease in the banks’ capitalisation and their inability to maintain economic growth.A positive trend in the banking sectors of the developing countries is the recovery of capital adequacy, whereas the negative trend is a decrease in the quality of loan portfolios and profitability indicators. High credit risks and insufficient capitalisation represent the vulnerabilities of the developing countries’ banking sectors, while the increased volatility of financial soundness indicators, especially liquidity, is caused by the impact of the external trade and financial conditions.The results of this research could be used by analysts and regulators in macroeconomic calculations and when developing supervisory stress testing models, as well as by bank managers for performing internal stress tests and strategic business planning.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

scholarly journals The Trade Effect of the EU’s Preference Margins and Non-Tariff Barriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Maria Cipollina ◽  
Federica Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, trade negotiations afford both liberalism- and protectionism-oriented policies. Indeed, in recent decades, the developed countries have been actively engaged in negotiating many preferential agreements to integrate developing countries (DCs) into world trade and encourage their economic growth, but many of these schemes contrast with the complex rules, often imposed on international markets, that still are an obstacle for exporters. Their presence and related costs reduce the importance of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in increasing trade flows. This article attempts to assess the impact of preferential trade policies on trade flows controlling for different non-tariff barriers (NTBs), using a structural gravity model. The analysis uses disaggregated data, registered in the year 2017, on EU imports (defined at level HS-6 digit) from a large number of exporters (187 developed and developing countries) and also includes the intra-EU trade. Our results show robust and positive estimates for the impact of preferences on bilateral trade flows, however, higher non-tariff barriers are likely to play a role in reducing both the extensive margins of trade, and so tariff preferences alone are not sufficient to access international markets. The impact of NTBs on the intensive margin of trade is ambiguous; some measures may act as catalysts and therefore increase trade, and others may act as an additional cost of trade and thus hinder trade.

scholarly journals The Impact of OFDI on the Technical Complexity of High-tech Industry Export in Home Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Chunxiang Liu ◽  
Yalan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment

This paper calculates the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in 38 countries from 1997 to 2017, discusses the mechanism of OFDI on the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in the home country, and empirically tests the impact of OFDI on the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in the home country by using the System GMM method of dynamic panel data model. The results show that OFDI can improve the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in the home country. After further analysis, it is found that OFDI can only significantly improve the technical complexity of high-tech industry exports from developing countries, but to a certain extent inhibit the developed countries. In addition, FDI, R & D investment, human capital, openness to the outside world and self owned technology can promote the export technology complexity of a country’s high-tech industry, while the impact of capital endowment on the export technology complexity of developed and developing countries’ high-tech industry is different.

scholarly journals Remittances and Quality of Life of Emigrant Families in Kerala

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
RUKSANA. M.M. ◽  
Dr. K. GANGADHARAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
The People ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

International migration has an important role in the economic development of every economy.In Kerala, most of the people prefer to emigrate for skilled and unskilled labour to the developed countries to improve the living standards oftheir families.According to Kerala Migration Survey Report, forevery 100 households in the state, there were 29.3 emigrants in 2014and the number of emigrants has increased graduallyover the years, from13.6 lakhs in 1998 to 24.0 lakhs in 2014.Kerala is receiving an increasing amount of money from abroad as workers’ remittances and total remittancesto Kerala in 2014 was estimated to be Rs71,142 crores.Remittances per household were Rs 86,843 in 2014 compared to Rs. 63,315 in 2011 and Rs. 57,227 in2008.The present study is to find out trend and growthof household remittance in Kerala and to analyze the impact of these remittance to the living standards of emigrant families.

scholarly journals Brazilian scientific production on phytoplankton studies: national determinants and international comparisons

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC. Nabout ◽  
FM. Carneiro ◽  
PP. Borges ◽  
KB. Machado ◽  
VLM. Huszar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
High Impact Journal ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this study, we determined the temporal trends of publications by Brazilian authors on phytoplankton and compared these trends to those of other Latin American countries as well as to the 14 countries ranking ahead of Brazil in terms of scientific publication. To do this, we investigated phytoplankton studies published in an international database (Thomson-ISI). The data showed that Brazil plays an important role among other Latin American countries in the publication of these studies. Moreover, the trend of studies published on phytoplankton in Brazil was similar to trends recorded in the developed countries of the world. We conclude that studies can be more deliberately targeted to reduce national and international asymmetries by focusing on projects with large spatial scales and projects that concentrate on less-studied geographic regions, thus encouraging increased productivity in remote areas of the country. Associated with this is a necessary increase in high-impact journal publications, increasing the quantity and quality of Brazilian scientific studies on phytoplankton and, consequently, their global visibility.

The impact of trade agreements on livestock producers

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
M. Upton ◽  
J. Otte
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The rapid growth of global demand for livestock products, which has occurred over the last quarter century, has been characterised as “the Livestock Revolution” (Delgado et al., 1999 and 2001). It is largely driven by increases in per capita incomes, population growth and urbanisation of the developing countries. (Further notes on the classification of countries, as “developed” or “developing” are given in Appendix 4.1). As Figure 4.1 shows, while consumption per capita of livestock products has fallen slightly in the developed countries over the last decade, substantial growth has occurred in the developing countries.

Exploring the Impact of Trade and Investment on Income Inequality

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENT A. MAHLER ◽  
DAVID K. JESUIT ◽  
DOUGLAS D. ROSCOE
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western World ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between international integration and domestic inequality in the developed countries in the mid-1980s and early 1990s. The analysis examines two major modes of integration, trade and direct investment, disaggregating each by economic sector and distinguishing between imports and exports, and inbound and outbound flows and stocks. In measuring income inequality, extensive use is made of micro-data sets that have recently become available through the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which provides much more detailed and comparable data on income inequality than has heretofore been the case. In particular, LIS data can be aggregated at the level of economic sector, and permit the comparison of pre- and post-government income. The study finds few significant relationships between either trade or investment and sectoral income distribution. The overall conclusion is that economic globalization is not a critically important factor in explaining recent trends in income inequality in the Western world.

scholarly journals Impact of the Healthcare System, Macro Indicator, General Mandatory Quarantine, and Mask Obligation on COVID-19 Cases and Death in Six Latin American Countries: An Interrupted Time Series Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Background: Different coping strategies have been implemented by various governments worldwide to address the emerging health crisis of COVID-19. While most developed countries count on supporting healthcare and social systems, developing countries face additional challenges due to low macro indicators. The implementation of measurements such as quarantine are shown to be successful to flatten the curve of infection and death. In this context, it is important to test whether those measurements have an impact on the distribution of cases of COVID-19 in developing countries that face additional challenges such as lack of social security due to informal employment. A country comparison for Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, and Chile has therefore been conducted.Method: The healthcare systems and macro indicator as well as the distribution of death due to COVID-19 per thousand inhabitants are compared descriptively. Using Multiple Interrupted Time Series Analysis with synthetic control units the impact of the General Mandatory Quarantine in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador as well as the impact of Mask Obligation in public in Colombia and Chile have been tested.Results: No clear impact of the poverty headcount ratio at the national poverty line and urban population on the percentage of death within the confirmed cases has been found. The out-of-pocked spending within health expenditure as a barrier in access to healthcare can be considered as a determinant of death within the confirmed cases of COVID-19. The implementation of a general mandatory quarantine did not show a curve-flattening effect in Ecuador and Peru but did so in Colombia. The implementation of Mask obligation in public spaced showed positive impact on the distribution of confirmed case in both countries tested.Conclusion: The implementation of a general mandatory quarantine does not guarantee the curve-flattening effect. Various macro indicators should therefore always be considered while analyzing the effect of policies.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

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