Leaf Anatomical Study of Solanum Species (Solanaceae) in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
S. Mosaferi ◽  
H. Hasanabadi ◽  
M. Keshavarzi ◽  
M. Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Cross Section Method

Solanum (Solanaceae) comprises cultivated and wild plants with 1400 species in the world and 14 species in Iran. Solanum is a taxonomically complex genus due to morphological similarities, phenotypic plasticity and hybridisation. Limited studies were done on anatomical features of this important genus. In this project, 10 native and exotic species of Solanum in Iran belonging to two subgenera were examined anatomically. Leaf mesophyll and midrib and indumentum were analysed using light microscope. Hand-made cross section method and Toluidine blue as colouring agent were used. Characters as length and width of main vascular bundle, thickness of collenchyma, trichome density, thickness of parenchyma strand, thickness of lamina and length and shape of midrib were diagnostic features among species studied. In UPGMA tree and PCA ordination, species of two subgenera were separated from each other. Results of this study confirmed the taxonomic importance of anatomical characters in Solanum species studied.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This paper reports on the assessment of morphological (macro and micro) and anatomical characters of seeds of Romulea taxa distributed in Turkey with the use of oneway analysis of variance, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Morphological characteristics such as size, shape, color and surface of seeds were examined with the use of light and scanning electron microscopes. Thicknesses of testa and phytomelan layer, sizes of embryo in seeds were studied anatomically. The outcomes revealed that taxa were similar in some aspects such as color and shape of seeds. However, seed size, thickness of testa and phytomelan layer, shape of the epidermal cells in testa and sizes of embryo were different among taxa, and have taxonomic value in the distinction of these taxa from each other. In addition, the seed surfaces were more or less different for the examined taxa on an interspecific level. Consequently, seed morphology and anatomy with a few exceptions demonstrated diversity and they had taxonomic importance in terms of distinguishing among species.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical investigation of three Scandix species from Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Azize Demirpolat ◽  
Gulden Dogan ◽  
Eyup Bagci
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Habitat Properties ◽  
High Level

Morphological, morphometrical and anatomical features of some Scandix species (Scandix pectenveneris, S. macrorhyncha and S. balansae) were investigated to compare and determine the taxonomic importance of these characters. Description, synonyms, Turkish names, flowering times, habitat properties and anatomical structure of each species were determined. According to morphological and anatomical characters S. macrorhyncha and S. pecten-veneris showed high-level similarity. However, endemic S. balansae showed distinct both morphological and anatomical differences from the other Scandix species.

scholarly journals Leaf and Petiole Micro-Anatomical Diversities in Some Selected Nigerian Species of Combretum Loefl.: the Significance in Species Identification at Vegetative State

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Philips Akinsulire ◽  
Olaniran Temitope Oladipo ◽  
Oluwabunmi Christy Akinkunmi ◽  
Oladipo Ebenezer Adeleye ◽  
Kole Fredrick Adelalu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Micro Morphology

AbstractLeaf and petiole samples of four Combretum Loefl. species which were identified in the Herbarium (IFE) were investigated anatomically in search of stable taxonomic micro-anatomical attributes to improve our knowledge of identification of members of the genus. Anatomical characters; in particular, upper and lower cuticles and epidermal structures, fibre structures, vascular architectures, petiolar outlines and trichome micro-morphology are good taxonomic tools to identify the taxa. The invariable uniseriate to multiseriate upper and lower epidermis; the absence of trichome in the petiole and the presence of branched trichome in the mid-rib region of C. zenkeri P. Beauv delimit the taxa. Variations in vascular architectures can be used to identify the taxa while some other anatomical features in the genus suggest great taxonomic affinities. However, the artificial key, which was constructed using stable taxonomic characters, is a reliable taxonomic tool for proper identification of the four species and which can as well be employed in separating each of the taxa from their close relatives. A detailed micro-anatomical study of leaf and petiole structures of the Nigerian Combretum species may provide an invaluable tool for determination and identification of the four taxa studied, thereby assisting in promoting quality assurance in the genus.

Leaf anatomy of the genus Passerina (Thymelaeaceae): taxonomic and ecological significance

Bothalia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Bredenkamp ◽  
A. E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Cuticular Membrane ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Anatomical Characters

A comparative anatomical study was made of the genus Passerina comprising 20 species and four subspecies, most of which are endemic to southern Africa. It showed that anatomical variation is useful in species recognition and classification. Anatomical characters typical of Thymelaeaceae and displayed in Passerina include isobilateral leaves, a papillate cuticular membrane, mucilaginous epidermal cell walls, a parenchymatous bundle sheath and extraxylary sclerenchyma fibres. Vascular bundles of the leaf lack intraxylary phloem. Characters common to  Passerina are inverse-dorsiventral and epis- tomatic leaves, inverted palisade parenchyma and an abaxial hvpodermal sclerenchymatous sheath. Orientation of the main vascular bundle in relation to the epidermis and mesophyll allows the recognition of four leaf structural types and ten states, according to which all species can be characterized and grouped. Functionally many anatomical features of the leaf in Passerina are interpreted as adaptations to the Mediterranean climate of the Cape Floristic Region, where most species occur.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

scholarly journals Use of morphological and anatomical characters to delimit varieties of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (Rhamnaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Saleem E. Shahbaz ◽  
Nazar M. Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Introduction: Paliurus spina-christi Mill is a species with two varieties namely Paliurus spina-christi L. var. spina-christi and Paliurus spina-christivar. macrocarpa Beck native to mountains of Kurdistan, rarely growing in the upper plains of northern Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 plants from different parts of Kurdistan region were sampled. 30measurements for each characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers, Fruit, seeds, and leaf anatomical characters were measured for comparison between the two varieties. Results and Discussion: Fruit diameter of var. macrocarpa is significantly larger than fruit diameter of var. spina-christi. Most mean flower parts especially the ovary, in addition to seed size is larger in var. macrocarpa. Upper epidermal layer is always thicker than the lower epidermal layer for the same blade. The isobilateral mesophyll includes 2 layers of long palisade cells adaxially and 2-3 layers of short cells abaxially. Many vascular bundles are seen equally spaced in the mesophyll tissue.With the exception of the presence of simple hairs on the petiole adaxial side of the var. spina-cristi and the absence of these hairs from the same site of var. macrocarpa, all other anatomical features are considered to be of no taxonomic application. Stomatal density of the adaxial leaf side is up to 19 stomata per mm² in var. spina-christi while it is up to 38 stomata per mm² in var. macrocarpa. Conclusions: Both fruit diameter and the stomatal density of the adaxial leaf side constitute diagnostic characters for separating between the two varieties of Paliurus spina-christi Mill

Climate sensitivity of wood-anatomical features in a ring-porous oak (Quercusmacrocarpa)

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Bur Oak ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Anatomical characters of the early- and late-wood of individuals of a ring-porous oak (bur oak, Quercusmacrocarpa Michx.) growing in southeastern Nebraska display sensitivity to yearly variations in precipitation. Characteristics of the latewood increment (latewood vessel diameter and density) are closely related to ring width, with vessel diameter varying directly and vessel density varying inversely with ring width. Various analyses indicate that ring width appears to be a less direct climatic indicator than latewood vessel diameter in these trees. A regression equation incorporating latewood vessel diameter is used successfully to reconstruct precipitation over a 9-month period (October–June).

Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

scholarly journals The genus Plesiophysa, with a redescription of P. ornata (Haas, 1938) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. PARAENSE
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Taxonomic Relation ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Espirito Santo

A redescription of conchological and anatomical characters of the planorbid mollusc Plesiophysa ornata (Haas, 1938) is presented, based on topotypic material and specimens from 14 additional localities in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Due to the close similarity of their shells, a sure discrimination of the five species of Plesiophysa described so far (P. pilsbryi, P. granulata, P. guadeloupensis, P. ornata and P. hubendicki) is only possible through their anatomical features. The present study points to the high probability of synonymy of P. hubendicki with P. ornata. Investigations on the anatomy of P. pilsbryi and P. guadeloupensis are needed to define their taxonomic relation with the other nominal species.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Chery ◽  
Israel L. da Cunha Neto ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.

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