Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

scholarly journals Taxonomic significance of some leaf anatomical features of the species of Annona L. (annonaceae) from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
S.A. Adeniran ◽  
A.B. Kadiri ◽  
J.D. Olowokudejo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generic Constant ◽  
Existing Data

A comparative study of the some leaf anatomical features of four species of Annona occurring in Nigerian was undertaken with the aid of light microscope. The four foliar structures (epidermis, petiole, midrib and lamina architecture) studied revealed useful characters which support recognition of the species. A combination of these features has been used to prepare an artificial indented dichotomous key for identifying the  species. The generic constant features encountered included hypostomata, paracytic stomatal type, linear nerves endings, uneven midrib outline, and centrally located vascular bundles in the petiole and midrib. However, the most reliable distinguishing characters found across the species included presence of brachyparacytic stomata in A. reticulata, presence of trichomes on the midrib in A. senegalensis, absence of druses on the abaxial surface in A. muricata and A. squamosa, a thick pitted anticlinal walls on the surfaces of A. muricata and consistent polygonal areola shape in A. squamosa. The overlapping characters which also justify the closeness of the species and their grouping in a genus were recorded in both the qualitative and quantitative features. Prominent among them are the mean stomatal width which is about 1.0 μm in all species, nerve endings within the areole which varies between 1-2, U- or V-shaped midrib on the adaxial surface and straight to curved anticlinal wall pattern. The significance of these observations is discussed in updating the existing data in the genus. Keywords: Epidermis, Microscopy, Midrib, Petiole,   Systematic

scholarly journals Novelties in secretory structures and anatomy of Rhynchosia(Fabaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽  
ÂNGELA L.B. SARTORI ◽  
EDNA S. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on the secretory structures of leaflets from taxa belonging to the genus Rhynchosia - taxa difficult to delimit because of uncertain interspecific relations - in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these anatomical traits for taxonomic assignment. A further objective was to establish consensual denomination for these secretory structures. The new anatomical features found in these taxa were sufficiently consistent to separate the species evaluated. The presence and localization of glandular-punctate structures bulbous-based trichomes, the number of layers in the palisade parenchyma and the arrangement of vascular units distinguish the taxa investigated and these characteristics can be extended to other species of Papilionoideae. The trichomes analyzed were described and classified into five types. Depicted in diagrams, photomicrographs, and by scanning electron microscopy, and listed for the first time at the genus and species levels. The information obtained served to effectively distinguish the taxa investigated among species of Papilonoideae.

scholarly journals A comparative Anatomical Study of Diplotaxis Spp. DC. (Brassicaceae ) Grown in Diyala Province - Iraq: دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لأنواع الجنس Diplotaxis DC Spp. من العائلة الصليبية النامية بريا في محافظة ديالى – العراق

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khazal Dibba Wadi - Zeinab Nasrallah Salman
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Many

The current study is a comparative anatomical study of Diplotaxis spp DC species of the Brassicaceae which are growing in Diyala province { Diplotaxis acris (Fossk.) Boiss. Diplotaxis erucoid (L.) DC, Diplotaxis harra (Forssk) Boiss}. The anatomical study included the dissection of the stems, the petioles and the leaf blade. The results of the present study showed that the anatomical characteristics have a great taxonomic significance, which helps in isolation and diagnosis, through the many variations shown by the anatomical characteristics of the studied species. The stem showed significant anatomical properties in terms of the shape of the cross section. D.rucoid was characterized as having ribbed stems and was characterized by the presence of collenchyma cells at the corners of the ribs to give support and attribution as well as flexibility in motion. D.harra also characterized epidermis cells as rectangular. The cortex also varied in the species of cells, the number of rows of chlorenchyma and paranchyma, and the number and distribution of vascular bundles, the number of arms of wood and the number of vessels in each arm. The variances included the cross section of the leafblade and the shape of the cross-section was important in isolation and diagnosis. It also varied in thickness, epidermis, vascular forms, numbers, distribution, cortex thickness and layers. The leaves were Monoficial in type D.harra It is also characterized by its lack of sponge cells while the two species of D. acris and D. erucoid were Bificial. The vertical sections of leaves, especially the mesophyll, varied widely, in the thickness of blade, dermis, epidermis ,forms of the central vascular bundles and the preparation of the arms and elements. All these qualities have contributed as an addition of distinctive qualities to each important species in its isolation and diagnosis.

scholarly journals ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO E ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. K. BROCK ◽  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
T. NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fibrous Capsule ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, é uma herbácea escandente, denominada popularmente de buchinha. O fruto é empregado na medicina tradicional como purgativo, emenagogo e descongestionante nasal. O presente trabalho objetivou fornecer informações complementares à morfo-anatomia e realizar abordagem fitoquímica dos frutos e sementes dessa espécie. O material botânico foi reidratado, seccionado e corado, de acordo com técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica. Para a análise fitoquímica, foram preparados extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico, por meio de maceração dos frutos e das sementes pulverizados. O fruto é ovóide, capsular e fibroso, com estrias e acúleos. O epicarpo apresenta tricomas tectores pluricelulares e estômatos anomocíticos, e feixes vasculares percorrem o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. A semente é elipsóide e achatada, sendo a epiderme do tegumento formada por células de paredes anticlinais onduladas, o endosperma reduzido e os cotilédones plano-convexos. Os extratos dos frutos indicaram a presença de flavonóides, taninos, saponinas, esteróides e/ou triterpenóides. MORPHO-ANATOMICAL STUDY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, is a climbing herb, popularly known as loofa sponge. The fruit is employed in the traditionalmedicine as laxative, emmenagogue and nasal decongestant. This study aimed to supply additional knowledge to the morpho-anatomy and phytochemical screening of the fruits and seeds. The botanical material was rehydrated, sectioned and stained, according to the usual optical microtechniques. For the phytochemical analysis, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared, by means of maceration of the powdered fruits and seeds. The fruit is an oval and fibrous capsule, showing striated surface and aculeous. The exocarp has pluricellular non-glandular trichomes and anomocytic stomata, and vascular bundles are seen in the mesocarp and endocarp. The seed is elliptical and flat, presenting the epidermal cells of the integument with wavy anticlinal walls, reduced endosperm and plain-convex cotyledons. The fruit extracts indicate the presence of flavonoids, tanins, saponins, esteroids and/or triterpenoids.

Anatomical features and silica depositional patterns in the rhizomes of the grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Phragmites australis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Silicon Deposition ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depositional Patterns

Rhizomes of field-grown specimens of two grasses, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., were prepared for anatomical study and silicon analysis using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray microprobe analysis. Silicon deposition, as detected by the latter, was restricted in S. nutans essentially to four perivascular zones in a transect across the rhizome; two being associated with the outer vascular bundles and endodermal region of the cortex, and the other two zones with the sclerenchyma and central vascular bundles of the stele. No comparable silicon deposition was detected for P. australis, none being present above background levels both in transections and digested material of mature functional rhizomes. Contrasting aspects of silicon localization as well as differences in basic plan of rhizome anatomy exhibited by these two species are discussed in relation to differing habitat requirements and to previous root and rhizome studies.

Leaf anatomy of the genus Passerina (Thymelaeaceae): taxonomic and ecological significance

Bothalia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Bredenkamp ◽  
A. E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Cuticular Membrane ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Anatomical Characters

A comparative anatomical study was made of the genus Passerina comprising 20 species and four subspecies, most of which are endemic to southern Africa. It showed that anatomical variation is useful in species recognition and classification. Anatomical characters typical of Thymelaeaceae and displayed in Passerina include isobilateral leaves, a papillate cuticular membrane, mucilaginous epidermal cell walls, a parenchymatous bundle sheath and extraxylary sclerenchyma fibres. Vascular bundles of the leaf lack intraxylary phloem. Characters common to  Passerina are inverse-dorsiventral and epis- tomatic leaves, inverted palisade parenchyma and an abaxial hvpodermal sclerenchymatous sheath. Orientation of the main vascular bundle in relation to the epidermis and mesophyll allows the recognition of four leaf structural types and ten states, according to which all species can be characterized and grouped. Functionally many anatomical features of the leaf in Passerina are interpreted as adaptations to the Mediterranean climate of the Cape Floristic Region, where most species occur.

Foliar anatomy of the subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. V. Cardoso ◽  
S. L. Proença ◽  
M. G. Sajo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Secretory Cavities

The foliar structure of 44 species of Myrtoideae Nied. (Myrtaceae) was described to characterise the anatomy of the leaves in this subfamily and also to recognise particular features in each genus and/or subtribe. In the present study, nine genera of the subtribe Myrtinae, five genera of the subtribe Myrciinae and eight genera of the subtribe Eugeniinae were examined. All of them have dorsiventral and hypostomatic leaves, with stomata slightly protruded in relation to other epidermal cells; the leaves also present secretory cavities, idioblasts containing druses and vascular bundles with phloem on both adaxial and abaxial sides. Some surface features have diagnostic value for all genera of these three subtribes, such as the percentage of palisade parenchyma, the presence or absence of an adaxial hypodermis, the occurrence of an extension to the vascular bundle sheath, and the shape and position of the vascular system of the midrib. These features are described for each of the species studied and the results are discussed in a taxonomical context.

scholarly journals Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinloye A. J. ◽  
Illoh H. C. ◽  
Olagoke O. A.
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Xylem Fibre ◽  
Cola Nitida ◽  
Cola Acuminata

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p>Wood anatomy of five <em>Cola</em> species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five <em>Cola</em> species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of <em>Cola acuminata </em>and <em>Cola nitida</em> when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. <em>Cola acuminata</em> have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to <em>Cola nitida</em>,<em> </em>while<em> Cola hispida </em>and <em>Cola millenii</em> are the only species having monohydric crystals. <em>Cola gigantica </em>is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied <em>Cola </em>species.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

Stomatal ontogeny of the vegetative and floral organs of some Papilionaceae

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Shah ◽  
BV Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

The structure and development of stomata on the vegetative and floral organs of Vigna unguiculata Walp., and the vegetative organs of Phaseolus radiatus L. and P. aconitifolius Jacq. are described. Paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata are present on the same surface of different organs of the plants investigated except on the stem and petiole of V. unguiculata, the bract of P. radiatus, and the petiole, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius where the last type is absent. Stomata with only one subsidiary cell are found on the leaf, petiole, sepal, and petal of V. unguiculata. Diacytic stomata occur on the stipel of P. radiatus and the stem, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius. Paracytic stomata are by far the commonest on each organ. The frequency of different types of stomata on different organs in the plants investigated is tabulated. The ontogeny of different kinds of stomata on each organ is mesogenous, but the perigenous type may be found on the petal and pericarp of V. unguiculata and the stipule of P. radiatus. The variation in stomata is due to: (a) a diversity in stomatal types even on the same surface, and (b) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells divide, or additional subsidiary cells are derived from adjacent epidermal cells. The present study also supports the inclusion of the species concerned in the tribe Phaseolae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document