Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
B. G. Shivakumar ◽  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
R. C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang dan Kesesuaian Varietas-Musim Tanam terhadap Hasil Padi Sawah

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Gagad Restu Pratiwi ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Manure Treatment

Adaptive variety and organic fertilizer are important components for rice cultural practices in a spesific agroecology. The research objectives were (1) to clarify the direct and the residual effect of manure on grain yield of rice, (2) to identify rice varieties most suitable for dry and for wet season planting. The research was conducted at Sukamandi Exp. Farm, West Java, during dry season (DS) of 2010 and wet season (WS) of 2010/2011, using a split-plot design with three replications. The main plots of DS experiment consisted of (1) recommended dosage of NPK (115 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 50 kg K2O/ha) and (2) 80% dosage of NPK + 5 t manure/ha. The WS experiment, main plots were (1) recommended NPK and (2) the residue of manure given in DS + 80% of the NPK. The subplots were fifteen improved varieties, each planted on plot 3.4 m x 5.4 m with 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing. Data were collected for agronomic variables and grain yield. The DS 2010 experiment was attacked by brown planthopper (BPH), only two varieties, Inpari-8 and Inpari-13 were resistant, each yielded around 6 t/ha, while thirteen varieties were susceptible, yielded between 0.14 t to 3.9 t/ha. Application of 5 t manure/ha increased the averaged of biomass and grain yields by 9% and 10%, respectively, but were not consistent among varieties. In WS 2010/2011 experiment, the residual manure + 80% NPK decreased the averaged grain yield, but there was a significant interaction effect between fertilizer x variety. Seven varieties yielded less, six varieties yielded similar, and two varieties yielded more on the residual manure treatment, compared to that on no-manure treatment. Biomass weight, plant height, days to flowering, and days to harvesting, each was significantly correlated with grain yield. Five varieties were identified as suitable for WS planting, namely: Inpari-3, Inpari-10, Inpari-7, Ciherang, and Mekongga. When outbreak of BPH was suspected in the DS, Inpari-8 and Inpari-13 were suggested for planting. Suitable variety(ies) for season specific planting would optimize productivity, conversely, planting of unsuitable rice variety, during either DS or WS planting, would decreased the land production capacity.

Effect of potassium fertilization on growth indices, yield attributes and economics of dry direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar S ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
YS Shivay ◽  
Anjali Anand ◽  
Saravanane P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Initiation Stage

Two-year field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to evaluate the effect of potassium (K) fertilization on growth indices, yield attributes and economicsof the dry direct seeded basmati rice. Application of recommended dose of K (60 kg ha-1) half at basal and remaining half at panicle initiation increased the grain yield (5.4 tha-1), net returns (Rs. 85,000 ha-1) and B: C (1.8) ratio by 10, 16 and 20% respectively, over applying the entire amount of K as basal. Significant positive correlation was observed between yield attributes [total tillers(r2=0.74), effective tillers m-2(r2=0.79)]and grain yield of dry direct seeded basmati rice. The two foliar sprays (1st spray at active tillering, 2nd spray at panicle initiation) of 2.5% potassium nitrate (T6) increased fertile tillers % (93.8%), fertility % (83.5%) and grain yield (4.3 t ha-1) by 5%, 6% and 8% respectively, over T1 (control). In case, K is not available for top dressing then two foliar sprays of 2.5% KNO3 at active tillering and panicle initiation stage is found optimum to obtaining higher net returns (Rs. 85200 ha-1) and return from investment on K (Rs. 19.9 rupee-1). Insufficient supply of K during active tillering and panicle initiation stage, decreased the production of tillers m-2 and conversion of tillers into fertile tillers respectively. Hence, active tillering and panicle initiation stage are most critical for K supply in dry direct seeded basmati rice.

Sulphur management in moong ( Phaseolus aureus L.) and raya ( Brassica juncea L.) crops

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khurana ◽  
R. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Levels

Studies on the sulphur requirements of crops have largely been restricted to single crops without considering its residual availability to the following crop. With this objective, a field experiment was carried out to study the direct, residual and cumulative effect of S in a moong-raya rotation on sandy loam soil having 8.2 mg kg −1 soil of 0.15% calcium chloride-extractable S. The treatment consisted of four levels of S (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha −1 ) applied as gypsum. A significant increase in the grain yield of moong was observed at and above 20 kg S ha −1 , but the difference between the grain yields at application rates of 20 and 40 kg S ha −1 was found to be non-significant. The direct application of 20 kg S ha −1 resulted in a significant increase in the grain yield of raya. The residual effect emanating from the application of 40 kg S ha −1 to the first crop of moong significantly increased the grain yield of raya. The cumulative application of S at different rates, to both the crops, was not found to be beneficial. It is therefore suggested from this study that the application of 20 kg S ha −1 to each crop or 40 kg S ha −1 to the first crop of moong was sufficient to obtain optimum yields of both the crops in a moong-raya cropping sequence. The critical levels of S in the whole shoot in moong and raya plants were found to be 0.23 and 0.37%, respectively.

Productivity of pigeonpea-wheat cropping systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
K. A. Singh ◽  
Mahendra Pal
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

SummaryStudies on productivity of pigeonpea-wheat cropping systems at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 1984–6 revealed that wheat following summer pigeonpea and given 120 kg N/ha produced 4–93, as compared with 451 t grain/ha when it succeeded kharif pigeonpea. Intercropping of preceding pigeonpea with dhaincha for green manure, fodder cowpea and greengram (grain) gave higher yields of 4·35, 397 and 3·68 t/ha respectively than the wheat following pigeonpea alone (3·20 t/ha). Similar effects on wheat straw were also recorded. Summer-sown pigeonpea produced 2·38 t grain/ha without any adverse effect of intercrops. However, kharif pigeonpea produced grain yield half of that obtained in the summer-sown crop. Further, the reductions in grain yield of kharif pigeonpea due to dhaincha, cowpea and greengram were 0·60, 0·52 and 030 t/ha, respectively. Summer pigeonpea + dhaincha-wheat and summer pigeonpea+greengram-wheat proved their superiority over other cropping systems.

Systematic mixed versus pure stands of wheat genotypes

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sharma ◽  
Rajendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

SummaryA field experiment was made in the wheat growing season (November–April) of 1973–4 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to compare pure and systematic mixed stands of three wheat genotypes differing in plant height. The systematic mixed stands were made to give prismatic and columnar canopy patterns. Grain yield of wheat was significantly greater in the mixed stands than the mean yield in the pure stands; the two mixed stands did not differ significantly. The grain yield in the mixed stands was almost the same or slightly more than that of the largest yielding genotype in its pure stand. When grown in the mixed stand the tall genotype yielded more than in a pure stand but the dwarf genotype yielded less.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Phosphorus Fertilization and Rhizobia Inoculation on Soybean Production in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Sam Ebenezer Kofi ◽  
Kugbe Xorse Joseph ◽  
Adu-Gyamfi Raphael ◽  
Odoom Asooming Daniel ◽  
Laryea Obodia Kenneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Savanna Zone

In the Guinea savannah zone of northern Ghana, the soils are reported to be declining for agricultural productivity. In these farming communities that depend on soybean production for their livelihoods, resource-poor farmers are not able to afford purchases of high cost inorganic phosphatic fertilizers to enhance the crop’s production. The need arises to identify efficient practices and strategies and research into alternative means of enhancing soybean production to improve food security. This Randomized Complete Block Design as an experimental tool was employed to carry out a research in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana (Tolon District) to assess the agronomic and economic productivity of rhizobia inoculation use in soybean production. Treatments used for the experiment were sole soybean production, soybean + recommended phosphorus (P) fertilize rate, soybean + inoculums, and soybean + P + inoculum. A planting distance of 60*10cm was used during planting. Each treatment was replicated three times. Growth and yield data were collected on plant height, nodule number and dry weight, shoot dry weight, pods number and dry weight, grain yield, 100 seed weight and nodule effectiveness. The results revealed the existence of significant difference in grain yield between treatments (p = 0.011). Soybean + inoculation + P gave the highest yield of 3.6 t/ha followed by soybean + inoculation (3.17 t/ha), soybean + P (2.97 t/ha) and soybean only (2.6 t/ha) respectively. Significant difference was also observed for number of pods between treatments (p= 0.01), with soybean + inoculation + phosphorus recording the highest followed by soybean + inoculation, soybean + phosphorus and soybean-only treatment respectively. However, use of sole inoculation in soybean production was associated with the least production cost, high revenue generation and high benefit/cost ratio. As rhizobia inoculation of soybean produced higher yields and is comparatively cheaper than phosphorus application, inoculation is suggested for the resource poor farmer in Northern Ghana.

Short-season fodder legume effects on the grain yield and nitrogen economy of barley under dryland conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giri ◽  
R. De
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Short Season

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for 2 years (1977–8 and 1978–9) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi under semi-arid seasonally dry tropical conditions to evaluate the possibility of growing two crops under natural precipitation, where traditionally one crop is grown. Short-season fodder crops of cow pea (Vigna unguiculata), guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), moth bean (V. aconilifolia), soya bean (Glycine max.) or pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) harvested before the end of monsoon rains enabled sufficient recharge of the profile from the precipitation received subsequently to enable barley to be sown in the winter season. Although the pearl millet yielded more biomass, the soil fertility enrichment was greater from the legume fodders. The grain yield and total nitrogen removal by barley was higher after the legume fodders than after the non-legume fodder pearl millet. Benefits from the previous fodder legumes were equivalent to or more than 40 kg N/ha applied to barley crop following a previous crop of pearl millet.

Crop compatibility and spatial arrangement in sorghum-based intercropping systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Waghmare ◽  
T. K. Krishnan ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

SUMMARYField experiments on crop compatibility and spatial arrangements in sorghum were conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in irrigated conditions in 1976 and 1978. Grain yield of sorghum increased when grown in association with the legumes greengram, groundnut, grain and fodder cow peas and soya bean, compared with sole sorghum. Planting of sorghum in paired rows (30:90 cm) with two rows of intercrop in the 90 cm space produced maximum yields of sorghum and intercrops.

Effects of plant type and population density on growth and yield of chickpea

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
R. Prasad ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

SummaryA field experiment was made with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during the winters of 1984–5 and 1985–6 to study the effects of plant type and population density on growth and yield of chickpea. Cultivars BG 257, BG 261, BG 268 and BG 274 produced signficantly more grain with 1000 × 103 and 660 × 103 plants/ha, whereas the cultivar BG 209 produced the most at 500 × 103 plants/ha. Among the cultivars, BG 257 and BG 268 gave highest grain yield with 660 × 103 plants/ha.

GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogea L.) VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION IN SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
J. Suleiman ◽  
A. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Field trials were conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University, Dutsina, Katsina State and Institute for Agricultural Research Station, IAR, Minjibir Kano State during 2019 wet season. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth, Yield and Yield Components of Groundnut varieties as influenced by phosphorus fertilization in Sudan Savannah of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of three Groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 23 and SAMNUT 24 and SAMNUT 25) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0kg P/ha, 20kg P/ha, 30kg P/ha and 40kg P/ha), laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results indicated that SAMNUT 23 had performed significantly (P≤0.05)  better  than SAMNUT 24 and SAMNUT 25 in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight kg/plot, 100 seed weight and grain yield kg/ha at both locations while 40kg  P/ha significantly (P≤0.05)  outperformed 30kg  P/ha, 20kg  P/ha and 0kg  P/ha in terms of plant height, number of leaves, number of pods per plant, pod weight kg/plot, 100 seed weight and grain yield kg/ha at both locations . the study identified SAMNUT 23 and 40 kg P/ha to be the best option for increased groundnut production in the study area

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