scholarly journals First record of Caecilia guntheri Dunn, 1942 (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) in Central America

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-653
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Elizondo-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
The Individual

I report the first encounter in Central America of an individual of Caecilia guntheri Dunn, 1942 (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae). The individual was observed and collected in a primary evergreen submontane forest in Cerro Pirre, Darien Province, Republic of Panama. It was identified mainly by the low counts of secondary and primary folds. The encounter of this individual of C. guntheri highlights the disjunct populations and apparently the results of dispersion of this species from South to Central America by biotic exchange as result of the closure of the Isthmus of Panama.

scholarly journals A problematic cnidarian (Cambroctoconus; Octocorallia?) from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of Laurentia

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Pore System ◽  
General Development ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Greenland

AbstractThe problematic calcified cnidarian Cambroctoconus is described from the Henson Gletscher Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4–Series 3, Stage 5) of North Greenland, representing the first record from Laurentia of a genus otherwise recently described from China, Kyrgyzstan, and Korea. Internal molds produced by penetrative phosphatization mirror the pervasive pore system of the calice walls and septa. The pore system is compared to the network of gastrodermal solenia that distributes nutrients between polyps and surrounding stolon tissues in present day octocorals. In conjunction with the octagonal form of the individual coralla and eight-fold symmetry of septa, the pore system promotes assignment of Cambroctoconus to the Octocorallia, a basal clade in cnidarian phylogeny. Octocorals (‘soft corals’) are diverse in present day seas, but have a poor fossil record despite the general development of distinctive calcareous spicules. New taxa: Order Cambroctoconida new; Cambroctoconus koori new species.

scholarly journals First record of Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida Swainson, 1832) (Aves: Emberizidae) in Costa Rica

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Steven Aguilar ◽  
Julio E. Sánchez ◽  
Daniel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Adult Bird ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Wintering Range

We present the first record of the Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) in Costa Rica. An adult bird was recorded ca. 900 Km south of its common wintering range. This represents the first record of the species for the country and for southern Central America.

scholarly journals Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XXII: Two new species of Taraxippus (Phasmatodea: Cladomorphinae: Hesperophasmatini) and the first record of the genus from Central America

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Oskar V. Conle ◽  
Frank H. Hennemann ◽  
Pablo Valero
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

Two new species of Taraxippus Moxey, 1971 are described and illustrated: T. samaraesp. nov. from Costa Rica and Panama and T. perezgelabertisp. nov. from the Dominican Republic. Both sexes and the previously unknown eggs are described. The genus is recorded from Central America for the first time. A distribution map and a discussion of the distributional pattern of Taraxippus are provided.

A new species of Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from Costa Rica parasitic on an ant lion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4363 (4) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
NEAL L. EVENHUIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Ant Lion ◽  
A New Species

A new species of bee fly of the genus Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken, C. pennyi, n. sp., is described and illustrated. It was reared from the larva of a myrmeleontid, which marks the first record of parasitism by the genus of that family. The pupal exuvium is described and illustrated and a key to species known from Central America is given. 

The invasive speciesCylindrodesmus hirsutusPocock (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae) spreads to the northern Caribbean, with a compilation of published localities

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Ernesto Recuero
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Cozumel Island ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mexican Species

AbstractMillipede diversity in tropical regions, and in Mexico in particular, is still mostly unknown. A modest but recurrent source of new Mexican species is the colonization of exotic species, due to human activity. The invasive speciesCylindrodesmus hirsutusPocock, 1889 has spread from its area of origin in Indonesia or Melanesia and become a virtually pantropical species. Although long known from South and Central America, reports from the Caribbean are sparse and limited to some eastern islands and southern Central America. On 9 March 2016, two adult specimens were found on Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo, in an area of medium semideciduous tropical forest. This paper comprises the first record of this species from Mexico and the northern Caribbean. Given the intense commercial activity in the region, the presence of more populations both in Cozumel Island and in the mainland coast is highly probable.

scholarly journals The Oppressed, the Suspect, and the Citizen: Subjectivity in Competing Accounts of Political Violence

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bibler Coutin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Asylum Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

By juxtaposing religious, legal, and victims'accounts of political violence, this essay identifies and critiques assumptions about agency, the individual, and the state that derive from liberal theory and that underlie U.S. asylum law. In the United States, asylum is available to aliens whose gooernments fail to protect them from persecution on the basis of their race, religion, political opinion, nationality, or social group membership. Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants have challenged this definition of persecution with their two-decade-long struggle for asylum in the United States. During the 1980s, U.S. religious advocates and solidarity workers took legal action on behalf of what they characterized as victims of oppression in Central America. The asylum claims narrated by the beneficiaries of these legal efforts suggest that repessiwe pactices rendered entire populations politically suspect. To prevail in immigration court, however, victims had to prove that they were individually targeted because of being somehow “different” from the population at large. In other words, to obtain asylum, persecution victims had to explain how and why their actions had placed them at risk, even though persecution obscured the reasons that particular individuals were targeted and thus rendered all politically suspect.

Hoplonannus australis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Schizopteridae): amended diagnosis of the genus and first record from South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4568 (2) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
DIEGO DUTRA SILVEIRA ◽  
ALINE BARCELLOS ◽  
ALEXANDER KNYSHOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Diagnosis

Hoplonannus McAtee & Maloch, 1925 comprises three species described from Central America. Females of all these species are known only from brachypterous specimens. This paper describes the first South American species of the genus, Hoplonannus australis sp. nov. The new species differs from its congeners, in females, by the submacroptery, presence of ocelli and a basal bulge in the seventh sternite; in males, it differs by the presence of a process in the eighth tergite and the right paramere bifurcate apically, with branches subparallel. These traits entail a new diagnosis for the genus. 

scholarly journals A new species of Vespula, and first record of Vespa crabro L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Guatemala, Central America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2629 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. LANDOLT ◽  
JOSÉ MONZÓN SIERRA ◽  
THOMAS R. UNRUH ◽  
RICHARD S. ZACK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
First Record ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Vespa Crabro ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
A New Species

Vespula akrei Landolt sp. nov. is described from Guatemala. The first record of Vespa crabro L. in Guatemala is given, and Vespula inexspectata Eck from Mexico is re-described. We place Vespula akrei sp. nov. in the Vespula vulgaris (L.) species group (= Paravespula Bluthgen) based on morphology, color pattern, and DNA sequences from two mitochrondrial genes. It is presently known only from the Sierra de las Minas mountain range in southeastern Guatemala.

First record of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) as introduced in Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 449 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
LAMARCK ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia

The first record of Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae) for Brazil is presented here. The species occurs mainly in SE Mexico, Central America and Caribbean islands, with only one record from South America. It can be recognized by ovoid and foliaceous prophylls, with serrate margins and laciniate appendages and/or extrafloral nectaries, showy flowers with yellow petals, without basal spot. Taxonomic comments, a distribution map and photographs of the species are provided.

An introduced pentastomid parasite (Raillietiella frenata) infects native cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Panama

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRYSTAL KELEHEAR ◽  
KRISTIN SALTONSTALL ◽  
MARK E. TORCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Host Switch ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus

SUMMARYThe pentastomid parasite, Raillietiella frenata, is native to Asia where it infects the Asian House gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus. This gecko has been widely introduced and recently R. frenata was found in introduced populations of cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia, indicating a host-switch from introduced geckos to toads. Here we report non-native adult R. frenata infecting the lungs of native cane toads in Panama. Eight of 64 toads were infected (median = 2·5, range = 1–80 pentastomids/toad) and pentastomid prevalence was positively associated with the number of buildings at a site, though further sampling is needed to confirm this pattern. We postulate that this pattern is likely due to a host shift of this parasite from an urban-associated introduced gecko. This is the first record of this parasite infecting cane toads in their native range, and the first instance of this parasite occurring in Central America.

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