Reinforcement of Elastomers by The In-Situ Generation of Filler Particles

1989 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Mark ◽  
Dale W. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
Calorimetric Studies ◽  
Elastomeric Composites ◽  
Maximum Extensibility

ABSTRACTThe goal of primary interest in these investigations was the development of novel methods for filling elastomeric networks. The techniques developed employ the in-situ generation of reinforcing fillers such as silica or a glassy polymer such as polystyrene either after, during, or before network formation. The reaction involves decomposition of organometallic compounds, using a variety of catalysts and precipitation conditions, or freeradical polymerization of a suitable monomer. The effectiveness of the technique is gauged by stress-strain measurements carried out on these elastomeric composites to yield values of the maximum extensibility, ultimate strength, and energy of rupture. Also of interest are calorimetric studies of the networks, to determine their crystallizability. Information on the filler particles themselves is obtained from density determinations, electron microscopy, and scattering measurements.

Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers

2017 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Pattarawadee Maijan ◽  
Nitinart Saetung ◽  
Wisut Kaewsakul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cure Time

Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.

Development of Some Promising Approaches for The Toughening of High-Temperature Polymers

1998 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kumudinie ◽  
J. K. Premachandra ◽  
J. E. Mark ◽  
T. D. Dang ◽  
M. R. Unroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Rubbery Phase ◽  
Maximum Extensibility

AbstractHigh-temperature poly(arylene ether) and hydroxypolybenzoxazole polymers were toughened using dispersed rubbery phases. This rubbery phase was a hybrid material which was in-situ generated within the polymer matrix using mixtures of partially-hydrolyzable trialkoxy and dialkoxy organosilanes with a fully hydrolyzable tetraalkoxysilane. The resulting materials were characterized with regard to their structures, mechanical properties (modulus, ultimate strength, maximum extensibility, and toughness), thermal properties, optical properties, and tendencies to absorb water. Some of the results are presented here.

scholarly journals In situ inorganic conductive network formation in high-voltage single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinming Fan ◽  
Xing Ou ◽  
Wengao Zhao ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Bao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Conductive Network ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Metal Anode

AbstractHigh nickel content in LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x ≥ 0.8, x + y + z = 1) layered cathode material allows high specific energy density in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, Ni-rich NCM cathodes suffer from performance degradation, mechanical and structural instability upon prolonged cell cycling. Although the use of single-crystal Ni-rich NCM can mitigate these drawbacks, the ion-diffusion in large single-crystal particles hamper its rate capability. Herein, we report a strategy to construct an in situ Li1.4Y0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LYTP) ion/electron conductive network which interconnects single-crystal LiNi0.88Co0.09Mn0.03O2 (SC-NCM88) particles. The LYTP network facilitates the lithium-ion transport between SC-NCM88 particles, mitigates mechanical instability and prevents detrimental crystalline phase transformation. When used in combination with a Li metal anode, the LYTP-containing SC-NCM88-based cathode enables a coin cell capacity of 130 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 5 C rate in the 2.75-4.4 V range at 25 °C. Tests in Li-ion pouch cell configuration (i.e., graphite used as negative electrode active material) demonstrate capacity retention of 85% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C in the 2.75-4.4 V range at 25 °C for the LYTP-containing SC-NCM88-based positive electrode.

scholarly journals Regulating Stem Cell Secretome Using Injectable Hydrogels with In Situ Network Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 2758-2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cai ◽  
Ruby E. Dewi ◽  
Andrew B. Goldstone ◽  
Jeffrey E. Cohen ◽  
Amanda N. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels

Glassy polymer solutions: Morphology of in situ crystallized additives

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Narkis ◽  
A. Siegmann ◽  
M. Puterman ◽  
A. T. Dibenedetto
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Glassy Polymer

In Situ Recording of Particle Network Formation in Liquids by Ion Conductivity Measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (37) ◽  
pp. 14514-14517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pfaffenhuber ◽  
Seniz Sörgel ◽  
Katja Weichert ◽  
Marjan Bele ◽  
Tabea Mundinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurements

Semiporous Reinforcing Fillers for Composite Resins: I. Preparation of Provisional Glass Formulations

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Bowen ◽  
L.E. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Porous Surface ◽  
Phase Separations ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Gradient Furnace ◽  
Polymeric Binders ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
Glass Compositions

A conceptual means of obtaining improved bonding between filler particles and the polymeric binders of composites is presented. It involves preparing glass particles that separate into two interconnected vitreous phases when heated to an appropriate temperature, and then etching these to produce a porous surface layer. Candidate glass compositions were prepared and subjected to heat treatment in a gradient furnace. Compositions susceptible to phase separations were delineated.

scholarly journals The effect of avidin-biotin interactions in detection systems for in situ hybridization.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Speel ◽  
B Schutte ◽  
F C Ramaekers ◽  
A H Hopman
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Amplification Method ◽  
The Individual

The effect of avidin-biotin interactions in several detection systems for the non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) technique was studied in a model system using a transitional cell carcinoma line and a biotinylated DNA probe. We performed fluorescence ISH to unravel the individual steps in a sensitive and frequently used amplification method which makes use of the alternating cytochemical detection layers of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated avidin (AvFITC) and biotinylated goat anti-avidin (BioGAA) antibodies to detect the hybridized and biotinylated probe. Our experiments revealed that BioGAA antibodies bind with their antigen binding sites and not with their biotin moieties to avidin molecules that have already interacted with the DNA probe. The probable working mechanism of this amplification method is presented in a model. Furthermore, we used a peroxidase staining technique to compare with each other the sensitivity of several other detection systems in which avidin-biotin interactions play an important role, e.g., the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC) system. The experiments show that avidin molecules can not be efficiently used to interconnect two biotinylated molecular layers, since their introduction leads to firmly closed cytochemical networks. Such a closed network is already formed between the hybridized and biotinylated DNA probe and a first detection layer of avidin molecules, as appears from the finding that biotinylated molecules could hardly be coupled to these avidin molecules in a following detection layer. Therefore, the results presented here provide us with new insight into the molecular basis of cytochemical network formation. This will enable us to choose the proper procedures for increasing the sensitivity of ISH detection systems.

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