In-Situ Monitoring of the Kinetics and Mechanism of Conducting Polymer Synthesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoke Fong ◽  
Chengbo Chen ◽  
Joseph B. Schlenoff
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Kinetics And Mechanism ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Aqueous Polymerization ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThe aqueous polymerization of pyrrole and aniline by ferricyanide and persulfate, respectively, was monitored by Raman scattering and potentiometry. Raman scattering gave well-resolved signals for monomer and oxidizer. The kinetics of polypyrrole formation could be determined by both techniques, whereas only Raman scattering was suitable for the aniline system. The stoichiometry of the pyrrole polymerization remained constant at 2.5 oxidant molecules per pyrrole consumed. The aniline reaction showed an accelerated region with aniline consumption lagging persulfate use.

In Situ Electrochemical Study of Copper Nanoparticles Stabilized with Food Grade Gelatin

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellaine M. Datu ◽  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela
Keyword(s):  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mixed Potential ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Kinetics Of

Commercially available conductive inks are typically made up of precious metal nanoparticles, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag). Thus, cheaper metals like copper (Cu) are currently being explored as alternative material. Though Cu has a comparable conductivity to that of Ag, they tend to oxidize easily when exposed to air and water, which could limit their application. In this work, oxidation-stable Cu nanoparticles with mean diameter as small as 57 nm were prepared by simple electroless deposition in water. Food-grade gelatin was used as stabilizer, which makes the process more economical and environment-friendly. In situ monitoring of mixed potential was carried out during synthesis to understand the kinetics of the reaction. The mixed potential of the solution shifted negatively as the amount of gelatin was increased. This suggests faster reduction rate.

Bifunctional Au@Pt core–shell nanostructures for in situ monitoring of catalytic reactions by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 9063-9070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Bao ◽  
Dang Yuan Lei ◽  
Ruibin Jiang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jiyan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Shell Nanostructures ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy using bifunctional Au@Pt core–shell nanostructures can monitor the catalytic reaction dynamics in real time.

scholarly journals In situ monitoring of hydrothermal reactions by X-ray diffraction with Bragg–Brentano geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Karsten Mesecke ◽  
Winfried Malorny ◽  
Laurence N. Warr
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saturated Vapour Pressure ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Kinetics Of

This note describes an autoclave chamber developed and constructed by Anton Paar and its application for in situ experiments under hydrothermal conditions. Reactions of crystalline phases can be studied by successive in situ measurements on a conventional laboratory X-ray diffractometer with Bragg–Brentano geometry at temperatures <483 K and saturated vapour pressure <2 MPa. Variations in the intensity of X-ray diffraction reflections of both reactants and products provide quantitative information for studying the reaction kinetics of both dissolution and crystal growth. Feasibility is demonstrated by studying a cementitious mixture used for autoclaved aerated concrete production. During a period of 5.7 h at 466 K and 1.35 MPa, the crystallization of torbermorite and the partial consumption of quartz were monitored.

Rapid Visible Light-Mediated Controlled Aqueous Polymerization with In Situ Monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Niu ◽  
Zachariah A. Page ◽  
Neil D. Dolinski ◽  
Athina Anastasaki ◽  
Andy T. Hsueh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Aqueous Polymerization
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