Reduced Modulus Acrylic Bone Cement

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-55-171 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alan S. Litsky ◽

Robert M. Rose ◽

Clinton T. Rubin

Keyword(s):

Bone Cement ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Property Testing ◽

Acrylic Bone Cement ◽

Material Interfaces ◽

Cement Interface ◽

Reduced Modulus ◽

Endoprosthesis Loosening

ABSTRACTLoosening is the dominant long-term problem facing joint replacement surgeons and patients. A probable cause of endoprosthesis loosening is the strain singularity at the material interfaces. The concentration of shear at the bone-cement interface leads to micromotion which precipitates a soft-tissue membrane and resorption of the cancellous bone.A more compliant cement would substantially reduce the interfacial stresses and serve as a “pillow” between the prosthetic stem and the cancellous bone. We have developed a surgically-workable formulation of a reduced modulus acrylic bone cement — polybutylmethylmethacrylate (PBMMA) — to test this hypothesis. Materials property testing and in vivo implantation are discussed.

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Effect of Delayed Pulsed-Wave Ultrasound on Local Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin-Loaded Acrylic Bone Cement In Vivo

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01465-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 3199-3204 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xun-Zi Cai ◽

Shi-Gui Yan ◽

Hao-Bo Wu ◽

Rong-Xin He ◽

Xue-Song Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Cement ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Control Group ◽

Average Intensity ◽

Acrylic Bone Cement ◽

Normal Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Group

ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate the effect of delayed pulsed-wave ultrasound with low frequency on drug release from and the antimicrobial efficacy of vancomycin-loaded acrylic bone cement in vivo and the possible mechanism of this effect. After the implantation of cement and the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into the bilateral hips of rabbits, ultrasound (average intensity, 300 mW/cm2; frequency, 46.5 kHz; on/off ratio, 20 min/10 min) was applied to animals in the normal ultrasound group (UG0-12) from 0 through 12 h after surgery and to those in the delayed-ultrasound group (UG12-24) from 12 through 24 h after surgery. The control group (CG) was not exposed to ultrasound. Based on vancomycin concentrations in left hip cavities at projected time intervals, the amount of time during which the local drug concentration exceeded the MIC (T >MIC) in UG12-24 was significantly prolonged compared with that in either CG or UG0-12, and the ratios between the areas under the concentration-time curves over 24 h and the MIC for UG0-12 and UG12-24 were both increased compared with that for CG. The greatest reductions in bacterial densities in both right hip aspirates and right femoral tissues at 48 h were achieved with UG12-24. Local hemorrhage in rabbits of UG0-12 during the 12-h insonation was more severe than that in rabbits of UG12-24. Of four variables, the T >MIC and the bioacoustic effect were both identified as parameters predictive of the enhancement of the antimicrobial efficacy of cement by ultrasound. Sustained concentrations above the MIC replaced early high maximum concentrations and long-term subtherapeutic release of the drug, provided that ultrasound was not applied until local hemorrhage was relieved. The enhancement of the antimicrobial efficacy of cement by ultrasound may be attributed to the prolonged T >MIC and the bioacoustic effect caused by ultrasound.

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Mechanical Performance and In Vivo Tests of an Acrylic Bone Cement Filled with Bioactive Sepia Officinalis Cuttlebone

Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition ◽

10.1163/156856209x410265 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 113-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. García-Enriquez ◽

H. E. R. Guadarrama ◽

I. Reyes-González ◽

E. Mendizábal ◽

C. F. Jasso-Gastinel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Cement ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Sepia Officinalis ◽

Acrylic Bone Cement ◽

In Vivo Tests

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THE INFLUENCE OF TIBIAL PROSTHESIS DESIGN FEATURES ON STRESSES RELATED TO ASEPTIC LOOSENING AND STRESS SHIELDING

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519410003666 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 55-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

DESMOND Y. R. CHONG ◽

ULRICH N. HANSEN ◽

ANDREW A. AMIS

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Aseptic Loosening ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Stress Shielding ◽

Cement Mantle ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Knee Prostheses ◽

Design Features ◽

Cement Interface

Aseptic loosening caused by mechanical factors is a recognized failure mode for tibial components of knee prostheses. This parametric study investigated the effects of prosthesis fixation design changes, which included the presence, length and diameter of a central stem, the use of fixation pegs beneath the tray, all-polyethylene versus metal-backed tray, prosthesis material stiffness, and cement mantle thickness. The cancellous bone compressive stresses and bone–cement interfacial shear stresses, plus the reduction of strain energy density in the epiphyseal cancellous bone, an indication of the likelihood of component loosening, and bone resorption secondary to stress shielding, were examined. Design features such as longer stems reduced bone and bone–cement interfacial stresses thus the risk of loosening is potentially minimized, but at the expense of an increased tendency for bone resorption. The conflicting trend suggested that bone quality and fixation stability have to be considered mutually for the optimization of prosthesis designs. By comparing the bone stresses and bone–cement shear stresses to reported fatigue strength, it was noted that fatigue of both the cancellous bone and bone–cement interface could be the driving factor for long-term aseptic loosening for metal-backed tibial trays.

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Bone marrow modified acrylic bone cement for augmentation of osteoporotic cancellous bone

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.07.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 2081-2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniel Arens ◽

Stephan Rothstock ◽

Markus Windolf ◽

Andreas Boger

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Acrylic Bone Cement

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Osseointegration of Antimicrobial Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide and Chitosan

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata ◽

José Herminsul Mina Hernandez ◽

Carlos David Grande Tovar ◽

Carlos Humberto Valencia Llano ◽

Blanca Vázquez-Lasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Orthopedic Surgery ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Parietal Bone ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Cement Interface

Acrylic bone cement (ABC) is one of the most used materials in orthopedic surgery, mainly for the fixation of orthopedic implants to the bone. However, ABCs usually present lack of biological activity and osseointegration capacity that leads to loosening of the prosthesis. This work reports the effect of introducing graphene oxide (GO) and chitosan (CS), separately or together, in the ABC formulation on setting performance, mechanical behavior, and biological properties. Introduction of both CS and GO to the ABC decreased the maximum temperature by 21% and increased the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by 87%, while introduction of only CS decreased bending strength by 32%. The results of cell viability and cell adhesion tests showed in vitro biocompatibility. The in vivo response was investigated using both subdermal and bone parietal implantations in Wistar rats. Modified ABCs showed absence of immune response, as confirmed by a normal inflammatory response in Wistar rat subdermal implantation. The results of the parietal bone implantation showed that the addition of CS and GO together allowed a near total healing bone–cement interface, as observed in the micrographic analysis. The overall results support the great potential of the modified ABCs for application in orthopedic surgery mainly in those cases where osseointegration is required.

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Transient and Residual Stresses and Displacements in Self-Curing Bone Cement—Part II: Thermoelastic Analysis of the Stem Fixation System

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3138300 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 28-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

A. M. Ahmed ◽

R. Nair ◽

D. L. Burke ◽

J. Miller

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Curing Process ◽

Hardening Material ◽

Cement Interface ◽

Fixation System ◽

Curing Cement

In this second part of a two-part report, an idealized model of the stem fixation system is analyzed to determine the adverse effects of the thermal stresses and displacements of bone cement during its curing process. The Shaffer-Levitsky stress-rate strain-rate law for chemically hardening material has been used. The results show that if the cement is surrounded by cancellous bone, as opposed to cortical bone, then transient tensile circumferential stresses in the cement and similar radial stresses at the stem/cement interface are generated. The former may cause flaws and voids within the still curing cement, while the latter may cause gaps at the interface.

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Reproduction of fretting wear at the stem—cement interface in total hip replacement

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/09544119jeim333 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 221 (8) ◽

pp. 963-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L Brown ◽

H Zhang ◽

L Blunt ◽

S Barrans

Keyword(s):

Bone Cement ◽

Total Hip Replacement ◽

Hip Replacement ◽

Fatigue Cracks ◽

Cement Mantle ◽

Fretting Wear ◽

Cement Interface ◽

Total Hip

The stem-cement interface experiences fretting wear in vivo due to low-amplitude oscillatory micromotion under physiological loading, as a consequence it is considered to play an important part in the overall wear of cemented total hip replacement. Despite its potential significance, in-vitro simulation to reproduce fretting wear has seldom been attempted and even then with only limited success. In the present study, fretting wear was successfully reproduced at the stem-cement interface through an in-vitro wear simulation, which was performed in part with reference to ISO 7206-4: 2002. The wear locations compared well with the results of retrieval studies. There was no evidence of bone cement transfer films on the stem surface and no fatigue cracks in the cement mantle. The cement surface was severely damaged in those areas in contact with the fretting zones on the stem surface, with retention of cement debris in the micropores. Furthermore, it was suggested that these micropores contributed to initiation and propagation of fretting wear. This study gave scope for further comparative study of the influence of stem geometry, stem surface finish, and bone cement brand on generation of fretting wear.

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